Hasil untuk "Ural-Altaic languages"

Madis Arukask

Films about the Vepsians and Vepsian cultural self-representation through film This article examines films made about the Vepsians. From the second half of the 20th century onwards, the Vepsians have been filmed primarily for documentary purposes by (Soviet) Russian, Estonian and Finnish researchers, journalists and other interested parties. These productions include both documentary films and journalistic television formats. Since the 21st century, the Vepsians themselves have also begun to produce films addressing their ethnography and history. The visual representation of one’s own culture constitutes a form of ethnic self-reflection. Films made by Vepsians encompass both recollections and reconstructions of a traditional ethnographic way of life, as well as portrayals of acts directed against the people in recent history – such as repression and demographic assimilation – within the Soviet Union. In addition to documentaries, one amateur feature film has been produced, dealing with the theme of flight from collectivization. Taken together, these films provide a space for reflecting on history and national identity. At the same time, presenting the concerns of a small ethnic group to a wider audience remains problematic: even in visual media, compromises are often required in response to mainstream taste, widespread lack of background knowledge and the resulting simplifications, as well as the limited resources available for achieving a professional end result.

Wojciech Czerwiński, Łukasz Orlikowski

The aim of this paper is to deliver broad understanding of a class of languages of boundedly-ambiguous VASS, that is k-ambiguous VASS for some natural k. These are languages of Vector Addition Systems with States with the acceptance condition defined by the set of accepting states such that each accepted word has at most k accepting runs. We develop tools for proving that a given language is not accepted by any k-ambiguous VASS. Using them we show a few negative results: lack of some closure properties of languages of k-ambiguous VASS and undecidability of the k-ambiguity problem, namely the question whether a given VASS language is a language of some k-ambiguous VASS. Finally, we show that the regularity problem is decidable for k-ambiguous VASS.

Federico Pennino, Bianca Raimondi, Massimo Rondelli et al.

Generating accurate and executable code using large language models (LLMs) is challenging for languages with limited public training data compared to popular languages such as Python. This paper introduces a generalizable approach that uses small-scale code versions of the Qwen 2.5 model combined with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) to enable effective code generation through explicit reasoning steps, which is particularly beneficial for languages with smaller source code databases. Using Prolog as a representative use case -- given its limited online presence -- the initial model faced challenges in generating executable code. After some training steps, the model successfully produces logically consistent and syntactically accurate code by directly integrating reasoning-driven feedback into the reinforcement learning loop. Experimental evaluations using mathematical logic problem benchmarks illustrate significant improvements in reasoning quality, code accuracy, and logical correctness, underscoring the potential of this approach to benefit a wide range of programming languages lacking extensive training resources.

Wojciech Czerwiński, Łukasz Orlikowski

In this work, we extend undecidability of language equivalence for two-dimensional Vector Addition System with States (VASS) accepting by coverability condition. We show that the problem is undecidable even when one of the two-dimensional VASSs is deterministic and the other is history-deterministic. Moreover, we observe, that the languages of two history-deterministic VASSs are equal if and only if each can simulate the other. This observation allows us to extend the undecidability to any equivalence relation between two-sided simulation and language equivalence.

Madis Jürviste, Tiina Paet, Sven-Erik Soosaar

Artiklis kirjeldatakse suurte keelemudelite võimekust vanade (17. ja 18. saj) eesti keelt sisaldavate sõnastike sisu analüüsimisel. Autorid korraldasid kolme suure keelemudeliga (GPT-4o, Gemini 1.5 Pro ja Claude 3 Opus) kokku kolm katset. Esimese katse valimis olid vanad ametinimetused ja sotsiaalsed rollid, teises valimis lõunaeesti sõnad, kolmandas vanad laensõnad. Katsete tulemused näitavad keelemudelite suurt potentsiaali vanade sõnakujude ühendamisel nüüdiskujudega: tulevikus saaks seda rakendada sõnastikes märksõnade diakroonilisel kirjeldamisel koos viidetega varasematele esinemisaegadele ja -kohtadele. *** "Identifying Old Estonian word forms using large language models" *** As large language models (LLMs) have gained more and more visibility and momentum in society since 2022, numerous researchers have studied the possibilities of applying these new technologies for research in lexicography. This article deals with historical sources: how useful are LLMs in identifying old word forms in 17th and 18th-century German-Estonian and Estonian-German dictionaries? More precisely, can these technologies reduce the time burden on human researchers to identify old word forms and connect them with the same words’ modern written forms (even if the original word itself has been substituted by a completely new one over the centuries)? To answer these questions, the authors conducted an empirical qualitative study with three major LLMs: GPT-4o, Gemini 1.5 Pro and Claude 3 Opus. The study consisted in analysing the LLMs capacities and success rates using API-request-based prompts in three main tests, each with different samples: 30 old professional titles and societal roles’ denominations (6 sources ranging from Stahl 1637 up to Hupel 1780); 54 dialectal words (in Gutslaff 1648) and 20 borrowed words (in 3 sources: Stahl 1637, Gutslaff 1648, and Göseken 1660). In these tests, Claude generally outperformed all the others. However, the results show variations due to the sample words’ characteristics (words with a similar orthography are more easily recognised). The high success rate, ranging from 74% to 90%, incites the authors to consider the possibility of carrying out tests with a larger sample, possibly encompassing whole dictionaries. This would significantly help lexicographers to create a diachronic historical development path for different words in the entries of large Estonian monolingual explanatory dictionaries.

Oliver Issak, Margaret Tilk, Jan Teevet

Essee põhineb Kohtumiste & Mitte-Kohtumiste Instituudi 19.02.2024–24.02.2024 Eesti Kunstiakadeemia Galeriis korraldatud kestusaktsioonil „Utoopia Saatkond: Õnne kõigile, tasuta, ja ärgu kellelegi tehtagu liiga!“. Aktsiooni loojad ja läbiviijad olid Oliver Issak, Kairi Mändla, Jan Teevet, Taavi Teevet ning Margaret Tilk, kellest kolm on ka essee autorid. Tegu on kunstnik-uurijate autoripositsioonilt lähtuva esseistliku refleksiooniga, mis keskendub EKA Galeriis aset leidnud aktsiooni keskmes olnud ankeetidele ning sellele, kuidas suunas ja mõjutas poeetilise sisuga nihestatud bürokraatlik tekst („Avaldus poeetilise varjupaiga taotlemiseks“) aktsioonis osalenuid oma isiklikke kogemusi, mõtteid ja lugusid jagama ning (ümber) mõtestama. Essee vaatleb ankeedi kui teksti kunstilist ja dialoogilist potentsiaali, võttes aluseks umbes 250 külastaja täidetud ankeedid, mis viie päeva jooksul Utoopia Saatkonnas kunstnike kätte jõudsid. Abstract. Oliver Issak, Margaret Tilk, Jan Teevet: Questionnaire as a meeting ground of bureaucracy and poetics. This essay stems from a ­ durational performance action “The Embassy of Utopia: Happiness for Everybody, Free of Charge, and May No One Be Left Behind!”, which was led by an artistic collective (called the Institute of Meetings & Non-Meetings) at the EKA Gallery, Estonia from February 19th to 24th, 2024. The performance was created by Oliver Issak, Kairi Mändla, Jan Teevet, Taavi Teevet, and Margaret Tilk – three of whom are also the authors of the essay. This reflection is embedded in an artist-researcher’s perspective as it delves into the possibilities of viewing a questionnaire as a form of art. Particularly, we explore how “Application for poetical asylum”, the poetical-bureaucratic text central to the durational performance, prompted participants to share and reinterpret their personal experiences, thoughts, and narratives. By inspecting 250 visitor-completed questionnaires collected over the five days of “The Embassy of Utopia” performance, we map the inherent artistic and dialogical potential of a questionnaire as a textual form.

Vefa İbrahim

Bir halkın ulusal kimliği büyük ölçüde sözlü halk edebiyatı aracılığıyla korunur ve gelecek kuşaklara aktarılır. Halk hikâyeleri örnekleri, özellikle efsaneler ve masallar, halk tarafından yaratılan ve halkın dünya görüşünü, yaşam boyutlarını, duygu ve düşüncelerini en güzel şekliyle ortaya koyan değerlerdir. Dolayısıyla folkloru incelemek ve araştırmak bir toplumu olduğu gibi tanımak anlamına gelir. Farklı halklar arasında siyasal, ekonomik, bilimsel, kültürel ve edebi bağların kurulması aynı zamanda onların birbirlerini tanımalarına da yardımcı olur. Efsaneler ve masallar yüzyıllardır insanların tarihi, kültürü, inançları ve yaşam biçimleri hakkında değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bu efsaneler hem tarihi olayların izlerini hem de halkın oluşturduğu örf ve adetleri, kahramanlık ruhunu, etik değerleri yansıtır. Türk halklarının, özellikle Anadolu ve Azerbaycan halk edebiyatında rastladığımız efsaneler, halkın geçmişini, tarihini ve kültürel değerlerini koruyan önemli bir miras niteliğindedir. Bu efsaneler aracılığıyla halkın kahramanca mücadelesi, sevgi ve adalet anlayışı, inançları ve yaşam tarzı hakkında değerli bilgiler edinmek mümkündür. Anadolu ve Azerbaycan efsanelerinde tarihi ve medeni izlerin varlığını belirleyebilmek için örnekleme yöntemiye seçilen efsaneler benzerlikleri ve farklıları gösterilerek incelenecektir. İncelemede kullanılan “Ferhat ile Şirin”, “Güzelce Kız” (Aynalı Mağara), “İğneci Baba”, “Şerçoban”, “Kurtboğan”, “Lokman Hekim” Amasya efsaneleri, “Ağrıdağ”, “Carçıboğan”, “Ferhad evi”, “Gelin kayası”, “Oğlankız megberesi”, “Maral dağı”, “Zeyneb” ise Azerbaycan efsaneleridir.

Dirk Nowotka, Max Wiedenhöft

Patterns are words with terminals and variables. The language of a pattern is the set of words obtained by uniformly substituting all variables with words that contain only terminals. Regular constraints restrict valid substitutions of variables by associating with each variable a regular language representable by, e.g., finite automata. Pattern languages with regular constraints contain only words in which each variable is substituted according to a set of regular constraints. We consider the membership, inclusion, and equivalence problems for erasing and non-erasing pattern languages with regular constraints. Our main result shows that the erasing equivalence problem, one of the most prominent open problems in the realm of patterns, becomes undecidable if regular constraints are allowed in addition to variable equality.

Abhiram Bellur, Razan Alghamdi, Kidus Workneh et al.

Library learning is the process of building a library of common functionalities from a given set of programs. Typically, this process is applied in the context of aiding program synthesis: concise functions can help the synthesizer produce modularized code that is smaller in size. Previous work has focused on functional Lisp-like languages, as their regularity makes them more amenable to extracting repetitive structures. Our work introduces Leroy, which extends existing library learning techniques to imperative higher-level programming languages, with the goal of facilitating reusability and ease of maintenance. Leroy wraps the existing Stitch framework for library learning and converts imperative programs into a Lisp-like format using the AST. Our solution uses Stitch to do a top-down, corpus-guided extraction of repetitive expressions. Further, we prune abstractions that cannot be implemented in the programming language and convert the best abstractions back to the original language. We implement our technique in a tool for a subset of the Python programming language and evaluate it on a large corpus of programs. Leroy achieves a compression ratio of 1.04x of the original code base, with a slight expansion when the library is included. Additionally, we show that our technique prunes invalid abstractions.

Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Patrik Jansson

The tensor notation used in several areas of mathematics is a useful one, but it is not widely available to the functional programming community. In a practical sense, the (embedded) domain-specific languages (DSLs) that are currently in use for tensor algebra are either 1. array-oriented languages that do not enforce or take advantage of tensor properties and algebraic structure or 2. follow the categorical structure of tensors but require the programmer to manipulate tensors in an unwieldy point-free notation. A deeper issue is that for tensor calculus, the dominant pedagogical paradigm assumes an audience which is either comfortable with notational liberties which programmers cannot afford, or focus on the applied mathematics of tensors, largely leaving their linguistic aspects (behaviour of variable binding, syntax and semantics, etc.) for the reader to figure out by themselves. This state of affairs is hardly surprising, because, as we highlight, several properties of standard tensor notation are somewhat exotic from the perspective of lambda calculi. We bridge the gap by defining a DSL, embedded in Haskell, whose syntax closely captures the index notation for tensors in wide use in the literature. The semantics of this EDSL is defined in terms of the algebraic structures which define tensors in their full generality. This way, we believe that our EDSL can be used both as a tool for scientific computing, but also as a vehicle to express and present the theory and applications of tensors.

Antoine Amarilli, Mikaël Monet

We study the task, for a given language $L$, of enumerating the (generally infinite) sequence of its words, without repetitions, while bounding the delay between two consecutive words. To allow for delay bounds that do not depend on the current word length, we assume a model where we produce each word by editing the preceding word with a small edit script, rather than writing out the word from scratch. In particular, this witnesses that the language is orderable, i.e., we can write its words as an infinite sequence such that the Levenshtein edit distance between any two consecutive words is bounded by a value that depends only on the language. For instance, $(a+b)^*$ is orderable (with a variant of the Gray code), but $a^* + b^*$ is not. We characterize which regular languages are enumerable in this sense, and show that this can be decided in PTIME in an input deterministic finite automaton (DFA) for the language. In fact, we show that, given a DFA $A$, we can compute in PTIME automata $A_1, \ldots, A_t$ such that $L(A)$ is partitioned as $L(A_1) \sqcup \ldots \sqcup L(A_t)$ and every $L(A_i)$ is orderable in this sense. Further, we show that the value of $t$ obtained is optimal, i.e., we cannot partition $L(A)$ into less than $t$ orderable languages. In the case where $L(A)$ is orderable (i.e., $t=1$), we show that the ordering can be produced by a bounded-delay algorithm: specifically, the algorithm runs in a suitable pointer machine model, and produces a sequence of bounded-length edit scripts to visit the words of $L(A)$ without repetitions, with bounded delay -- exponential in $|A|$ -- between each script. In fact, we show that we can achieve this while only allowing the edit operations push and pop at the beginning and end of the word, which implies that the word can in fact be maintained in a double-ended queue.

Maria Reile, Kristiina Averin, Nele Põldver

Eesti keeles on kaks demonstratiivpronoomenite süsteemi: üheliikmeline, kus kasutatakse demonstratiivpronoomenit seedistantsneutraalselt, ja kaheliikmeline, kus see viitab kõneleja lähedal ning too kaugel olevale referendile. Mõlemas süsteemis lisatakse demonstratiivpronoomenile sageli demonstratiivadverb (nt see siin). Süsteemi valik näib olevat seotud keelekõneleja päritoluga – Lõuna-Eesti päritolu kõnelejad kasutavad kaheliikmelist, Põhja-Eesti päritolu üheliikmelist süsteemi. Uurimuses keskendume kahe demonstratiiviga fraasidele (nt see siin), püstitades kaks küsimust. Esiteks, milline on keelekõnelejate enda arvamus selle kohta, milliseid demonstratiive millises ruumilises olukorras nad kasutaksid. Teiseks, kas see, kuidas keelekõneleja arvab end demonstratiive sisaldavaid lauseid kasutavat kattub vastavate lausete tõlgendamisega samas olukorras. Viisime läbi hinnangukatse, mille tulemusi võrdleme varem avaldatud tõlgenduskatse tulemustega. Mõlema katse andmed koguti järjestikuselt ning samadelt katseisikutelt. Hinnangukatse näitas, et lõunaeestlased hindasid too’d sisaldavate lausete ütlemist tõenäolisemaks kui põhjaeestlased. See’d sisaldavate lausete puhul päritolu hinnanguid ei eristanud. Sarnaselt tõlgenduskatsega osutus ka hinnangukatses oluliseks referendi kaugus, kuid visuaalne esilduvus andis erinevaid tulemusi, viidates kauguse teguri kesksusele ning esilduvuse perifeersusele demonstratiivide tähenduses. Abstract. Maria Reile, Kristiina Averin, Nele Põldver: Does see equal too? Rating task with Estonian demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adverbs. Estonian employs two demonstrative pronoun systems – a one-way system (used in North Estonia) where the demonstrative pronoun see is distance neutral, and a two-way system (in South Estonia) where see is the proximal and toothe distal demonstrative pronoun. In both systems, demonstrative adverbs are often added to demonstrative pronouns, forming two-demonstrative phrases (e.g., see siin). We conducted a rating study to investigate these phrases, asking which demonstratives the speakers would use in which spatial settings. In addition, we compared these results with a previously published interpretation study to see whether the speakers’ opinions to use or not use certain demonstratives match their interpretations of these demonstratives. The rating study showed that South Estonians would use the demonstrative toomore likely as compared to North Estonians while origin had no effect on using the demonstrative see. Both experiments showed a similar effect of distance on demonstrative use, but not visual salience.

Ilona Tragel, Jane Klavan

Kokkuvõte. Uurimus põhineb autorite välja töötatud joonistamise ja häälega mõtlemise katse tulemustel. Katses paluti katseisikutel (21 eesti keelt emakeelena kõnelejat) kujutada ja selgitada katse läbiviijale 24 verbi suunda (näiteks nooltega). Selles artiklis esitame täpsemalt neist kahe – jääma ja jätma – analüüsi. Verb jätma on jääma kausatiivtuletis. See mõjutab ka nende tähenduserinevust – jääma on passiivsem, jätma aga aktiivsem ja agenti rõhutav. Katseisikute kujutiste ja selgituste põhjal kirjeldame, milline oli noolte suund kujutistel ja millistest elementidest koosneb mõlema uuritava verbi skeem. Selgus, et katseisikud kujutasid verbi jätma suunda nooltega, verbi jääma oli kujutatud pigem punktide, täppide, ringide või kaarjate joontega. Kujutistel ja selgitustes avaldusid ka tüüpilised skeemi osalised: JÄÄJA, JÄTJA ja JÄETU. Mõlema verbi tegevuse aega kujutati ja selgitati minevikulisusega. Sarnane on ka nende verbide mõistemetafoorsus: mõlemad kajastavad pigem negatiivset hinnangut. Verbi jääma tähenduses on olulisel kohal see, et potentsiaalne muutus ei toimu. Verb jätma väljendab aga seda, et potentsiaalse muutuse mittetoimumine põhjustatakse. Abstract. Ilona Tragel, Jane Klavan: The direction and participants of the events expressed by the verbs jääma and jätma: a drawing experiment. We use an innovative experimental design to extract the regularities of the general conceptual structure from the speakers’ mind: a drawing task with a thinkaloud protocol. 21 native speakers of Estonian provided schematic representations of 20 experimental verbs and 4 control verbs. Our discussion focuses on jääma ‘stay, remain’ and jätma ‘leave something somewhere’. jääma typically expresses intransitive events and jätma transitive events. We zoom in on the following topics: transitivity and causativity, the positive/negative evaluation of the activity, the schematic representation of the direction of verbs and the elements belonging to the verb schema. Our study shows that the differences in the transitivity of the two verbs are reflected in the drawings and explanations given by the participants. Our results confirm the general prediction that abstract verbs have an image-schematic direction, but the specifics of the direction vary according to the type of verb.

Tobias Weber

The South Estonian Kraasna subdialect was spoken until the first half of the 20th century by a now vanished community in Krasnogorodsk, Russia. All linguistic descriptions to date are based on textual sources, mostly manuscripts from Heikki Ojansuu’s 1911/12 and 1914 fieldwork. Ojansuu’s phonograph recordings were thought to be lost by previous researchers and remained unused. The rediscovery of these recordings allows for the first analysis of Kraasna based on spoken language data, closing gaps in the description and enabling further research. This description follows a theory-neutral and framework-free approach, while respecting traditions in Estonian linguistics and linking the results to research in Estonian dialectology. It provides key information on the Kraasna subdialect based on the corpus – phonology, morphology, syntax – despite being restricted to the phonograph recordings. Future research can expand on these points and build on the present description. Kokkuvõte. Tobias Weber: Heikki Ojansuu Kraasna murraku fonogrammide lingvistiline analüüs. Venemaal Pihkva oblastis Krasnogorodski ümbruses elanud Kraasna maarahvas rääkis lõunaeestipärast Kraasna murrakut 20. sajandi esimese pooleni. Kõik keeleteaduslikud käsitlused Kraasna murra- kust on siiani kasutanud kirjalikke allikaid, enamjaolt Heikki Ojansuu 1911.– 12. ning 1914. aastal kogunud käsikirju. Ojansuu tehtud fonogrammid arvati enne käesoleva uurimistöö tegemist olevat kadunud ning sellepärast pole neid varasemad uurijad kasutanud. Taasleitud helisalvestiste abil on selles artiklis kirjeldatud Kraasna murrakut esimest korda suulise kõne andmete alusel, täites lünki eelnevates analüüsides. Siinses kirjelduses järgitakse teoreetiliselt neutraalset deskriptiivset lähenemist, samas austades Eesti keeleteaduse traditsioone ja arvestades Eesti murdeuurimise varasemate tulemustega. Artikkel esitab Kraasna fonoloogia, morfoloogia ja süntaksi kohta põhiteavet, piirdudes aga korpuspõhise uurimusena fonogrammide keeleainesega. See on aluseks järgnevatele uurimisprojektidele, mis saavad käesolevat kirjeldust lähtekohaks kasutades arendada analüüsi edasi, seda laiendades ja süvendades.

Pille Eslon

Soome ja vene lähtekeelega eesti keele õppijate A2- ning B1-taseme tekstide keelekasutusmustrite võrdleva analüüsi tulemused näitavad sihtkeele kasutamisel erinevaid suundumusi. Siinse mõttevahetuse keskmes on leksikaalgrammatilise varieeruvuse ja stereotüüpsuse kujunemine, millel võib olla loogiline seos mõningate keele õppimist mõjutavate asjaoludega (nt õppimise-õpetamise strateegiad, õppematerjalid). Mõtteainet pakub sama sõnaliigijärgnevusega mustrite osakaalu, morfosüntaktilise varieeruvuse ja leksikaalse mitmekesisuse võrdlemine soome ja vene lähtekeelega õppijatel ning emakeelekõnelejatel. Eesmärk on leida eelistused nende mustrite kasutamisel, sõnaliikide kombineerimisel ning sõna- ja vormivalikul. Analüüsi tulemustet nähtub, et soomekeelsete õppijate sõnavara rikastub ja venekeelsetel õppijatel juurduvad leksikaalgrammatilised stereotüübid. Stereotüüpsuse kujunemist põhjustavad a) vähene määrsõnade pagas (soomekeelsetel mitmekesine, venekeelsetel kitsas) ja piiratud arv täistähenduslikke tegusõnu (soomekeelsetel siiski mitmekesisem kui venekeelsetel); b) sõnaliikide ja vormide kombineerimisel toimunud funktsionaalsed nihked emakeelekõneleja keelepruugiga võrreldes (venekeelsed õppijad). Mustri morfosüntaktilise varieeruvuse piire avardab mitmekesise sõnavara kasutamine. *** Comparative analysis of the language use patterns of Finnish- and Russian-speaking learners of Estonian as a target language reveals different tendencies in their A2- and B1-level written production. This article discusses the development of lexico-grammatical variability and stereotypicality which may relate to some factors that influence language learning, such as learning and teaching strategies and the used learning resources. The presented study aimed to explore preferences in combining parts-of-speech, the choice of vocabulary and grammatical forms by native Finnish and Russian speakers learning Estonian, compared to native users of Estonian. Relying on the frequency of part-of-speech n-grams as well as the morphosyntactic variability and lexical diversity within these recurring patterns, the analysis indicates that the vocabulary of Finnish-speaking learners expands, while lexico-grammatical stereotypes become rooted in the writings of Russian-speaking learners. The formation of stereotypicality is caused by a) lack of adverbs in the learners’ lexicon (Finnish learners have a richer vocabulary in terms of adverbs) and limited use of lexical verbs (varies more in the texts written by Finnish learners); b) functional deviations in combining parts-of-speech and grammatical forms in text when compared to native speakers (concerns Russian learners). Diverse vocabulary also extends the constraints of morphosyntactic variability.

Yaşar SÖZEN, Soner SAĞLAM

Refail Oğuztürk Dağlı is one of the leading figures of contemporary Azerbaijani literature. Oğuztürk, who includes various subjects in his works, is known in the contemporary Azerbaijani literature especially with his historical poems. In his historical poems, Oğuztürk gives a wide place to subjects related to the general Turkish history and the history of Azerbaijani Turks. Besides the historical poems of Oghuzturk, there are also historical drama works on the Turkish history. There are historical drama works named Nargin Disaster and Nuri Pasha written by Oğuztürk. Nargin Disaster is about the kidnapping of Turkish prisoners on the island of Nargin, which was used as a prison camp by the Russians. In the article, information about the life, literary personality and works of Refail Oğuztürk Dağlı was given and the theater piece Nargin Disaster was examined.

Андрей Эдуардович Мурзин, Ирина Яковлевна Мурзина

Статья посвящена анализу «сурового стиля» в искусстве Урала. «Суровый стиль» в изобразительном искусстве Урала оказался больше чем отдельным кратким эпизодом в его эволюции. В творчестве уральских художников он охватил все жанры, способствовал обновлению пластического языка, живописной системы уральского искусства, позволил обрести собственную поэтику, образный строй, расширил круг тем. Этот феномен невозможно объяснить без понимания истории того, как создавалось искусство советского Урала начиная с конца 1920-х - начала 1930-х годов. В статье рассматривается эволюция уральской живописи в контексте советского мифа The article is devoted to the analysis of the «severe style» in the art of the Urals The «severe style» in the fine art of the Urals turned out to be more than a separate brief episode in its evolution. In the works of Ural artists, he covered all genres, contributed to the renewal of the plastic language, the pictorial system of Ural art, allowed him to find his own poetics, figurative system, expanded the range of topics. This phenomenon cannot be explained without understanding the history of how the art of the Soviet Urals was created, starting from the late 1920s - early 1930s. The article examines the evolution of Ural painting in the context of the Soviet myth.

P. Buchner, J. Šumpich

Records of Depressariidae species collected in the Altai Republic (Russia) in 2014–2019 are presented. Agonopterix kyzyltashensis sp. nov., A. ustjuzhanini sp. nov., and Depressaria paraleucocephala sp. nov. are described as new for science. Depressaria leucocephala Snellen, 1884 is deleted from the list of Altaic Depressariidae due its previous confusion with D. paraleucocephala sp. nov. Agonopterix rimulella (Caradja, 1920) sp. restit. is removed from synonymy with Agonopterix liturosa (Haworth, 1811). Exaeretia fuscogriseella Hannemann, 1990 syn. nov. is synonymised with E. indubitatella (Hannemann, 1971). Agonopterix feruliphila Millière, 1866 syn. nov. is transferred from synonymy with Agonopterix thapsiella (Zeller, 1847) to synonymy with Agonopterix adspersella (Kollar, 1832). Provisional list of related taxa of the Agonopterix adspersella group is given. Within Russian fauna, Depressaria altaica Zeller, 1854 was presented only from the Altai Republic, namely because the type specimens were recorded in the Altai. However, type locality is the Kazakh Altai, and D. altaica should be removed from checklist of the Altai Republic. At the same time, we present the first reliable records of D. altaica from southern Ural as a new species for Russia. The first reliable record of Agonopterix putridella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) for Russia is presented. Exaeretia allisella Stainton, 1849, Agonopterix anticella (Erschoff, 1877), Agonopterix bipunctosa (Curtis, 1850), Agonopterix rimulella, Depressaria sibirella Lvovsky, 1981, D. falkovitshi Lvovsky, 1990, D. libanotidella Schläger, 1848, and D. fuscovirgatella Hannemann, 1967 are new for the Altai Republic. In addition, Exaeretia mongolicella (Christoph, 1882) was found as new for the Tuva Republic. In total, 36 species of the studied family are known from the Altai Republic to date. Figures of all species new for the Altai Republic and the Tuva Republic are presented. Newly described species are figured in detail including their genitalia.

Valerián Ádám, Zsolt Bánfai, A. Maász et al.

Armin Moin, Stephan Rössler, Stephan Günnemann

In this paper, we present the current position of the research project ML-Quadrat, which aims to extend the methodology, modeling language and tool support of ThingML - an open source modeling tool for IoT/CPS - to address Machine Learning needs for the IoT applications. Currently, ThingML offers a modeling language and tool support for modeling the components of the system, their communication interfaces as well as their behaviors. The latter is done through state machines. However, we argue that in many cases IoT/CPS services involve system components and physical processes, whose behaviors are not well understood in order to be modeled using state machines. Hence, quite often a data-driven approach that enables inference based on the observed data, e.g., using Machine Learning is preferred. To this aim, ML-Quadrat integrates the necessary Machine Learning concepts into ThingML both on the modeling level (syntax and semantics of the modeling language) and on the code generators level. We plan to support two target platforms for code generation regarding Stream Processing and Complex Event Processing, namely Apache SAMOA and Apama.