Hasil untuk "Nutrition. Foods and food supply"

M. Pembrey, L. Bygren, G. Kaati et al.

A. G. A. Sá, Y. M. Moreno, B. Carciofi

Abstract Background Adequate human nutrition depends on the ingestion of many nutrients present in the diet. Proteins are indispensable macronutrients, including the essential amino acids. A protein source can vary its nutritional quality in terms of digestibility, amino acid profile, and its bioavailability. There are several disadvantages claimed to livestock and traditional animal protein sources. Thus, in a continuous increasing world population, a current challenge is the consumption of proteins with low-cost and easily supply, meeting environmental and social aspects. Scope and approach Plant proteins may be a critical step for reducing animal protein dependence by humans. This critical review contributes to facilitating the choice of a plant protein source based on the amino acid composition. Additionally, this overview can give insights into the development of new food products and add value to agro-industrial wastes and by-products. Furthermore, this paper shows the wide variety of sources of plant proteins, with balanced nutritional quality and high protein content as a potential protein supply for the human population and industrial applications. Key findings and conclusion A significant challenge is encountering the most suitable protein source since it depends on consumers' preferences, industrial availability, geographical location, and cultural elements. Nevertheless, it is possible to select a plant protein source comparing the essential amino acid composition of each source to the reference pattern.

E. Oerke

M. Koller, L. Marsalek, M. M. de Sousa Dias et al.

H. Affognon, C. Mutungi, P. Sanginga et al.

Reducing postharvest losses (PHL) is a key pathway to food and nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa. However, knowledge of PHL magnitudes is limited. A meta-analysis has been conducted to expose nature and magnitude of PHL, and the kinds of interventions that have been attempted to mitigate the losses. Findings reveal inadequacies of loss assessment methodologies that result in inaccurate PHL estimates. Moreover, losses are often economic rather than physical product losses. Overall, technologies for loss mitigation fail to address dynamics of supply chains. Consequently, rigorous PHL assessment using systematic methodologies, as well as holistic approaches for losses mitigation are in need.

L. Serra-Majem, L. Tomaino, S. Dernini et al.

Background: Nowadays the food production, supply and consumption chain represent a major cause of ecological pressure on the natural environment, and diet links worldwide human health with environmental sustainability. Food policy, dietary guidelines and food security strategies need to evolve from the limited historical approach, mainly focused on nutrients and health, to a new one considering the environmental, socio-economic and cultural impact—and thus the sustainability—of diets. Objective: To present an updated version of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid (MDP) to reflect multiple environmental concerns. Methods: We performed a revision and restructuring of the MDP to incorporate more recent findings on the sustainability and environmental impact of the Mediterranean Diet pattern, as well as its associations with nutrition and health. For each level of the MDP we provided a third dimension featuring the corresponding environmental aspects related to it. Conclusions: The new environmental dimension of the MDP enhances food intake recommendations addressing both health and environmental issues. Compared to the previous 2011 version, it emphasizes more strongly a lower consumption of red meat and bovine dairy products, and a higher consumption of legumes and locally grown eco-friendly plant foods as much as possible.

Jie Sun, Weibiao Zhou, Dejian Huang et al.

A. Baiano

Abstract Background Edible insects are considered as traditional foods in over 100 countries of Asia, Africa, and South America. Apart from this traditional aspect, edible insects are gaining increasing interest as alternative food sources for the increasing world population. Scope and approach The purpose of this research was to give an overview on several aspects of edible insects: nutritional characteristics; physical, chemical, and microbiological hazards; presence of antinutritional substances or allergens; gathering and farming; production technologies and patents; legal status worldwide; socio-economic and ethical implications. Key findings and conclusions Edible insects supply amounts of protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals comparable to those of meat. Although the studies on the environmental sustainability of insect farming are still few, it is generally recognized their limited requirements for land and reduced emissions of greenhouse gases. Nevertheless, not all the species can be bred as a consequence of their specific temperature and light requirements. Insects can be considered as safe from a microbiological point of view but can contain residues of pesticides and heavy metal. Attention must be paid to the cross-reactions among allergens found within some insect species. Edible insects can be consumed as whole insects but, in order to increase their acceptability, they can be processed into an unrecognisable form. Many inventions concerning insect processing have been patented. The European Union has a specific new Regulation on novel foods that established an authorization procedure to sell insect-based foods unless their safe consumption for longer than 25 years in third countries is demonstrated. Farming insects can offer revenue opportunities mainly in developing countries.

Willy Kiboi, Eric Ohuma, Ellen Bradley et al.

Fatemeh Rahmani, Ali Moayedi, Victor Dopazo et al.

Undesirable sensory properties are regarded as the main obstacle to developing soy-based products. This study aimed to apply lactic acid bacteria to improve soy cheese's sensory and nutritional aspects. Lactiplantibacillus pentosus was used to coagulate soy milk as an alternative to Glucono-delta-lactone (GDL). The changes in pH, viable cell count, aroma profile, Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, and organic acids were determined during gel formation and cold storage. L. pentosus grew well in soy milk and caused coagulation within 6 h. The aroma analysis by gas chromatography with a single-quadrupole/mass spectrometer detector-headspace solid-phase microextraction (GC/MS-SPME) showed a reduction in green and beany flavor, while generating pleasant volatiles during fermentation and storage. Significant variation in Lactate, Acetate, and GABA was found among the samples and storage time. Fermentation with L. pentosus was found to be a promising approach to manufacture a novel soy cheese with a desirable aroma and nutritional potential.

Merve Nur Uçak, Gözde Arıtıcı Çolak

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neurological disease characterized by a disorder of nerve transmission at the neuromuscular junction. In this disease, antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors and their associated molecules, disrupting nerve transmission and impairing normal muscle contraction. Myasthenia gravis is diagnosed through physiological and neurological examinations, blood antibody tests, and electronic methods. Various approaches are used for symptom management, including immunosuppressive drugs, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and thymectomy. Previous literature has focused primarily on symptoms and medical treatment. However, resources related to nutrition and Myasthenia gravis are limited. This study bridges this gap by examining the effects of different nutritional interventions on the disease and the importance of nutrition in the treatment process.

Sucheewin Krobthong, Yodying Yingchutrakul, Chartchai Chaichana et al.

Functional foods from edible mushrooms, like the protein-rich and low-calorie Phallus indusiatus (Bamboo mushroom), are promising for obesity prevention. However, scientific evidence supporting its active compounds' benefits is limited. This study used tandem-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) to analyze Bamboo mushroom's metabolites and lipids, identifying over 1000 metabolites, with adenosine most abundant. Pathway analysis showed significant activity in amino acid and specific metabolism pathways. Lipidomic analysis revealed 131 molecular lipids across categories such as sphingolipids and glycerolipids. The extracts' cytotoxicity and hypolipidemic efficacy were evaluated using a mouse adipocytes model, demonstrating no cellular toxicity at 6.25–100 μg/mL and effective reduction in lipid droplets. Additionally, the extracts significantly reduced levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), suggesting potential hypolipidemic effects. These findings highlight Bamboo mushroom's capability as a functional food to combat obesity by influencing lipid metabolism.

Junmei Ma, Qiang Li, Yonghuan Yan et al.

Conclusion: The method is sensitive, accurate, and suitable for rapid screening and confirmation of 4 cholinomimetics in edible fungi and areca nut.

Abdellatif Boutagayout, Anas Hamdani, Ismail Boutgayout et al.

Water management in Morocco has become a central challenge at the intersection of climate variability, agricultural modernization, and resource governance. The country is increasingly confronted with extreme hydro-climatic conditions that threaten water security and food production. Recent years have illustrated the severity of this crisis: 2023 was the driest year in at least eight decades, with total rainfall below 100 mm and a deficit of nearly 48% compared to the national average. The six-year period from 2019 to 2024 represents the longest recorded sequence of consecutive drought years, with an average rainfall deficit of 35%. Despite a progressive increase in hydraulic infrastructure, rising from a storage capacity of 1.2 billion m3 in 1960 to more than 19 billion m3 today, reservoirs were only 28.5% full in 2024, storing 4.8 billion m3. This structural water deficit is particularly concerning given that nearly 80% of Morocco’s cultivated land relies on rain-fed agriculture, making the agricultural sector vulnerable to fluctuating precipitation and rising temperatures. Morocco has attempted to address these challenges through ambitious policy frameworks, which prioritize efficient irrigation systems, sustainable agricultural practices, and resilience to climatic shocks. Large-scale investments in dams, desalination, and irrigation modernization have been complemented by international partnerships that provide technical expertise and financial support to the country. Simultaneously, agroecological practices, such as agroforestry, crop diversification, and crop rotation, represent underutilized but highly relevant pathways for improving water efficiency, restoring soil fertility, reducing erosion, and enhancing biodiversity. By weaving together climatic evidence, hydrological data, and agricultural strategies, this review highlights the urgency of implementing integrated water governance in Morocco. This underscores the importance of combining technological innovation with ecological practices and policy reforms to secure water and food resources in a context marked by persistent droughts and accelerating climate change.

Jingjing He, Miao Xie, Jia Liu et al.

Abstract Background The global burden of early-onset chronic diseases, especially early-onset type 2 diabetes, is increasing, particularly in China. Diet is a key factor and emerging evidence highlights substantial inter-individual variability in metabolic responses to diets, highlighting the need for precision nutrition. Methods The China Precision Nutrition Biobank (CPNB) is a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study designed to investigate diet-phenotype/genotype interactions and develop precision dietary strategies for early prevention and intervention of chronic diseases, with a particular focus on early-onset diseases. CPNB consists of three phases: the alpha (pilot cohort), beta (transition cohort), and gamma (main cohort) phases. Approximately 200, 1450, and 20,000 adults aged 18–40 years from urban and rural areas in China including Beijing, one city each in Heilongjiang, Shandong, Zhejiang, Guangxi, and Hainan provinces, and one or more villages each in Henan, Gansu, Sichuan, Zhejiang, and Hunan provinces will be recruited during the alpha, beta, and gamma phases, respectively, between 2025 and 2035. Sociodemographic information, medical records, read-time weighed food records and corresponding continuous glucose monitor (CGM) readings, objective physical activity, food challenges, genes, gut and oral microbiota, metabolites from blood, stool, urine, saliva, and hair, and questionnaires will be collected at baseline survey. The follow-up survey will be conducted every five years to repeat these assessments until participants’ death (the follow-up period may extend up to 80 years). Outcomes of interest are common early- and late-onset chronic diseases and their preclinical stages. Discussion The CPNB data can be used to develop prediction models for personalized metabolic responses and risks of early-onset chronic diseases among Chinese people. It will also provide new evidence on interactions of diet with human phenotypes/genotypes during preclinical stage, onset, and progression of early-onset diseases. CPNB aims to inform the development of precision nutrition strategies aligned with the principles of predictive, personalized, preventive, and participatory medicine in the Chinese population. Trial registration CPNB was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( http://www.chictr.org.cn/ ) on June 3rd, 2025, under the registration number ChiCTR2500103621.

A. Hassoun, Fatma Boukid, A. Pasqualone et al.

Our planet is currently facing unprecedented interconnected environmental, societal, and economic dilemmas due to climate change, the outbreak of pandemics and wars, among others. These global challenges pose direct threats to food security and safety and clearly show the urgent need for innovative scientific solutions and technological approaches. Backed by the current alarming situation, many food-related trends have emerged in recent years in response to these global issues. This review looks at two megatrends in agriculture and the food industry; the shift to vegetable diets and the digital transformation in food production and consumption patterns. On one side, several innovative technologies and protein sources have been associated with more sustainable food systems and enhanced nutritional quality and safety. On the other side, many digital advanced technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence, big data, the Internet of Things, blockchain, and 3D printing) have been increasingly applied in smart farms and smart food factories to improve food system outcomes. Increasing adoption of vegetal innovations and harnessing Industry 4.0 technologies along the food supply chain have the potential to enable efficient digital and ecological transitions.

Jinrui Chang, Huiming Jiang, Jianbo Liu et al.

IntroductionEnsuring food security in the new development paradigm urgently requires increasing the grain supply chain resilience. In order to clarify how can significantly enhance grain supply chain resilience, to demonstrate the relationship between the digital economy, government innovation-driven and grain supply chain resilience is necessary. To specify how the government can effectively perform its macro-regulatory functions, the government innovation-driven is reflected by government innovation-driven planning and government innovation-driven investment, respectively.MethodsThe data of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021 have been used. The panel fixed effects model, moderating effects model and threshold effects model have been selected to analyze.ResultsDigital economy has a stronger enhancement effect on grain supply chain resilience; Government innovation-driven has an increased moderating effect on digital economy enhance grain supply chain resilience; The enhancement effect of digital economy and the moderating effect of government innovation-driven are differentiated between China’s functional zones of grain production; And the threshold effect of government innovation-driven planning shows a process of digestion and absorption, which accumulating to 0.018 will emerge a multiplier effect. Government innovation-driven investment is higher than 0.026, which can have a promoted moderating effect.DiscussionTo expand the depth of integration of the digital economy, accurately government innovation-driven, the focus should be on attracting innovative talent, who can construct the perpetual motion machine mode of “external promote + internal drive,” so as to strengthen the robustness of the grain supply chain.

Bui Thi Thu Thao, Bui Thi Thu Thao, Pham Thanh Hung et al.

In this study, the heat pump drying technique was applied to develop the production process of dried mango from Tu Quy mango sources, Ben Tre province, Vietnam. The experiment was performed in three steps. First, mango slices were treated through the blanching process. Samples were pretreated with sizes from 6 to 12 mm at 80–95°C for 3–6 min, and then the mango slices were soaked in a syrup solution concentration range of 25–40°Bx, citric acid of 0.5–2%, and glycerol of 0.1–0.4% at 35–65°C for 90–180 min. Finally, the samples were dried using a pilot-scale heat pump dryer until the moisture content reached 14–16%. The results showed that the blanching and osmosis processes were carried out under optimal conditions to inactivate the Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme, obtain maximum polyphenol compounds, and conform to the product appearance. Additionally, the drying process was carried out at 30°C for 1,080 min with the polyphenol content retaining 11.71 mgGAE/gDW—This signifies a successful endeavor in developing production methodologies and expanding the range of mango-derived products. Employing innovative technological processes enhances both the quantity and quality of the products. Moreover, the manufacturing procedure was executed on a pilot device, streamlining the synchronization of large-scale production processes effortlessly. This advancement not only enhances economic value but also addresses the issue of congestion prevalent in the current state of the mango industry in Vietnam.

N. Fageria, A. Moreira