Temporal changes in population densities and species richness of three main pollinator groups—moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera); bees, wasps and sawflies (Hymenoptera); and hoverflies, horseflies, tachinids and bee flies (Diptera)—were investigated in the Carpathian Basin. Maintaining pollinator diversity is a crucial factor for preserving our biodiversity and ecosystems; furthermore, several pollinator species have a strong economic role in maintaining crop and fruit cultures. Our conclusions are based on our three and four decades of faunistic surveys in various regions of the Carpathian Basin. Analyzing and comparing our data with the historical data of the last 50 years, we concluded that densities of some pollinators declined during the past decade and a half (Symphyta, hoverflies), although populations of several species of Mediterranean origin grew (Aculeata) and new species even migrated from the warmer regions. In numerous cases, this decrease was dramatic: more than 90% decline of certain butterfly species were detected. On the other hand, the composition of pollinator fauna significantly changed due to the disappearance of some mountainous or mesophile species. The main reason for the decrease in pollinator communities is due partly to climatic change and partly to anthropogenic factors. Different groups of pollinators react differently: some groups like Syrphidae, Tachinidae, most of the butterfly families and bumblebees suffered a strong decline in the last two decades; other warm-loving groups like most of Aculeata and horseflies and bee flies showed a significant increase in population densities. Our conclusion: in our region, the pollinator crisis is present but moderate; however, there is a clear sign of the gradual transition of our pollinator fauna towards the Mediterranean type.
Jeannette Jacqueline Lucejko, Katja Tikka, Jakub Brózdowski
et al.
The COST EU-PoTaRCh Action establishes a network focused on the past, present, and future significance, production, and use of major forest by-products in Europe and beyond. The Action centers around forest by-products—primarily potash, tar, resin, and charcoal (PoTaRCh), along with plant extracts—which have been produced and utilized for over 100,000 years due to their unique chemical, biological, and therapeutic properties. The primary goal of the Action is to demonstrate the importance of these products for the socio-economic development of European countries and beyond, as well as their impact on biodiversity and the natural environment. The Action's objectives are organized into five Working Groups (WGs), each aligned with specific areas of interest: heritage, chemical characterization, archaeology, environmental history, and future perspectives of PoTaRCh materials. A key aspect of the Action is its support for stakeholders outside the scientific community who possess knowledge of PoTaRCh products through their use in industries such as production, education, and the promotion of forests' natural and cultural heritage. In doing so, the Action brings together stakeholders with diverse activity profiles, including museums, state forests, the forestry industry, associations dedicated to preserving traditions, and the tourism sector. The EU-PoTaRCh Action adheres to the three key principles of COST’s inclusiveness policy: participation of inclusiveness target countries, gender balance, and the involvement of young researchers, including in leadership positions.
Csaba Laszlofy, Gyorgy Fazekas, Zoltan Barath
et al.
Recent events highlighted that, despite decades of studying vaccine immunogenicity and efforts toward finding correlates of protection, evaluating real-world vaccine efficacy as well as establishing meaningful licensing criteria still represents a significant challenge. In this paper, we review all aspects of influenza vaccine immunogenicity, including animal and human challenge studies, humoral and cellular immunity parameters, and their potential correlation with real-life protection from disease.
Rebeka Aszalósné Balogh, Edit Farkas, Júlia Tüdősné Budai
et al.
Cryptogams, often neglected in vegetation dynamics studies, compose a large part of biomass and contribute to the biodiversity of sandy grasslands. Since the work of Verseghy (1970s), their productivity has not been analyzed in Hungary. We studied the lichen and bryophyte dynamics (hereinafter called cryptogams) at two Eastern Hungarian dry sandy grassland sites. The sites of <i>Corynephorus canescens</i> and of <i>Festuca vaginata</i> dominance, respectively, belonging to the community <i>Festuco vaginatae–Corynephoretum</i> have been monitored. We aimed at (1) quantifying the diversity and biomass of the cryptogamic communities; (2) exploring the cryptogamic response to management changes; and (3) studying the effect of experimental management (fencing) on the cryptogamic assemblages. The sites have been compared in 2013 and 2018, respectively. Forty microplots per site per management have been analyzed in both years. Samples of lichens and bryophytes were hand-sorted, dried and then measured. Fencing has led to increased biomass of cryptogams within a few years. Lichens in general benefited comparatively more from exclosure than bryophytes. The increase in lichen biomass (especially that of <i>Cladonia rangiformis</i>) is clearly due to the over 10-year absence of grazing. The only lichen favored by moderate grazing is the legally protected <i>C. magyarica</i>. Short spells of low-intensity grazing can promote the species richness of cryptogams in the community.
Conventional soil classification methods are expensive and demand extensive field and laboratory work. This research evaluates the efficiency of various machine learning (ML) algorithms in classifying soils based on Robertson’s soil behavioral types. This study employs 4 ML algorithms, including artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and decision trees (DT), to classify soils from 232 cone penetration test (CPT) datasets. The datasets were randomly split into training and testing datasets to train and test the ML models. Metrics such as overall accuracy, sensitivity, precision, F1_score, and confusion matrices provided quantitative evaluations of each model. Our analysis showed that all the ML models accurately classified most soils. The SVM model achieved the highest accuracy of 99.84%, while the ANN model achieved an overall accuracy of 98.82%. The RF and DT models achieved overall accuracy scores of 99.23% and 95.67%, respectively. Additionally, most of the evaluation metrics indicated high scores, demonstrating that the ML models performed well. The SVM and RF models exhibited outstanding performance on both majority and minority soil classes, while the ANN model achieved lower sensitivity and F1_score for minority soil class. Based on these results, we conclude that the SVM and RF algorithms can be integrated into software programs for rapid and accurate soil classification.
Objective: A prospective ultrasound study to analyze nerve size and its modifying factors in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of motor and sensory nerves in both upper and lower limbs were measured at 14 measurement points, using high resolution ultrasound in 26 patients with type 1 and 76 patients with type 2 diabetes, and in 50 control subjects. All diabetic patients underwent electrophysiological assessment to check for the presence of polyneuropathy. Results: Significant mild/moderate diffuse nerve enlargement was demonstrated in type 2 diabetes, more pronounced at compression sites versus non-compression sites, and on the upper limbs versus lower limbs (p value for pooled DM2 v. control group: <0.001). In type 1 diabetes, nerve enlargement was found only at one compression site (median nerve wrist; p = 0.002). No significant difference was found between patients with or without polyneuropathy. Conclusions: The primary predictors of nerve size in diabetes are anatomical location (i.e. compression sites versus non-compression sites, upper versus lower limbs) and type of diabetes. Changes occur before the electrophysiological signs of polyneuropathy are detected. Significance: Nerve ultrasound may contribute to early recognition of the neuropathic complications of diabetes.
AbstractAfter SARS-CoV-2 infection, strict recommendations for return-to-sport were published. However, data are insufficient about the long-term effects on athletic performance. After suffering SARS-CoV-2 infection, and returning to maximal-intensity trainings, control examinations were performed with vita-maxima cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). From various sports, 165 asymptomatic elite athletes (male: 122, age: 20y (IQR: 17-24y), training:16 h/w (IQR: 12–20 h/w), follow-up:93.5 days (IQR: 66.8–130.0 days) were examined. During CPET examinations, athletes achieved 94.7 ± 4.3% of maximal heart rate, 50.9 ± 6.0 mL/kg/min maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), and 143.7 ± 30.4L/min maximal ventilation. Exercise induced arrhythmias (n = 7), significant horizontal/descending ST-depression (n = 3), ischemic heart disease (n = 1), hypertension (n = 7), slightly elevated pulmonary pressure (n = 2), and training-related hs-Troponin-T increase (n = 1) were revealed. Self-controlled CPET comparisons were performed in 62 athletes: due to intensive re-building training, exercise time, V̇O2max and ventilation increased compared to pre-COVID-19 results. However, exercise capacity decreased in 6 athletes. Further 18 athletes with ongoing minor long post-COVID symptoms, pathological ECG (ischemic ST-T changes, and arrhythmias) or laboratory findings (hsTroponin-T elevation) were controlled. Previous SARS-CoV-2-related myocarditis (n = 1), ischaemic heart disease (n = 1), anomalous coronary artery origin (n = 1), significant ventricular (n = 2) or atrial (n = 1) arrhythmias were diagnosed. Three months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, most of the athletes had satisfactory fitness levels. Some cases with SARS-CoV-2 related or not related pathologies requiring further examinations, treatment, or follow-up were revealed.
The Cyber-Physical and Intelligent Robotics Laboratory has been digitally recreated, and it includes all the key elements that allow 6-axis industrial robots to perform PTP, LIN, and CIRC motions. Furthermore, the user can create a program with these motion types. The human–machine interface is also integrated into our system. It can also assist SMEs in developing their in-house training. After all, training on an industrial robot unit does not entail installation costs within the facility. Nor are there any maintenance and servicing costs. Since the lab is digital, additional robot units can be added or removed. Thus, areas for training or production can be pre-configured within each facility. Because of the customizability and virtual education format, there is no room capacity problem, and trainees can participate in the exercises in parallel. Exercises were also conducted to evaluate the program’s impact on teaching, and the results showed that using machine units can improve teaching. Even today’s digital labs cannot physically convey the sense of space or the relative weights of different elements in virtual space. Even with these features, individuals can operate a machine more effectively than relying solely on traditional, non-interactive demonstration materials.
The significance of cardiology screening of referees is not well established. Cardiovascular risk factors and diseases were examined in asymptomatic Hungarian elite handball referees undergoing extended screening: personal/family history, physical examination, 12-lead ECG, laboratory tests, body-composition analysis, echocardiography, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Holter-ECG (n = 8), blood pressure monitorization (n = 10), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR; n = 27) and computer tomography (CCT; n = 4) were also carried out if needed. We examined 100 referees (age: 29.6±7.9years, male: 64, training: 4.3±2.0 hours/week), cardiovascular risk factors were: positive medical history: 24%, overweight: 10%, obesity: 3%, dyslipidaemia: 41%. Elevated resting blood pressure was measured in 38%. Stress-ECG was positive due to ECG-changes in 16%, due to elevated exercise blood pressure in 8%. Echocardiography and/or CMR identified abnormalities in 19%. A significant number of premature ventricular contractions was found on the Holter-ECG in two cases. The CCT showed myocardial bridge or coronary plaques in one-one case. We recommended lifestyle changes in 58%, new/modified antihypertensive or lipid-lowering therapy in 5%, iron-supplementation in 22%. By our results, a high percentage of elite Hungarian handball referees had cardiovascular risk factors or diseases, which, combined with physical and psychological stress, could increase the possibility of cardiovascular events. Our study draws attention to the importance of cardiac screening in elite handball referees.
Az összeállítás az MSZMP-ben készült dokumentumok, nyilvános fórumokon elhangzottak
alapján készült. A szerzők/szerkesztők vállalták, hogy a válogatás e szervezetek és pártmozgalmak „önfényképeiből” készült, nyilvánvaló tehát az elfogultság, a torzító átértelmezés. A mai olvasó szembesülhet az ideológiai beállítottság által irányított szemlélet valóságával. Ennek ismeretében közöljük a dokumentumot. A fejezetekbe sorolást a könnyebb
áttekintés céljából alakították ki 1989 márciusában a szerkesztők.
Economic theory. Demography, Economic history and conditions
Ez a cikk e szerző négy előző írásának [Szakolczai, 2016, 2017a, 2017b, 2017c]
a folytatása, amely elmélettörténetinek látszik, de ilyen szempontból vázlatos, viszont nagyon is súlyos gazdaságpolitikai következtetésekre vezet. E cikkben a keynesi Általános elmélet és a Keynesi Általános nemzetközi elmélet összehasonlításából indulok ki. Ez utóbbi terminológiát az indokolja, hogy a nemzetközi gazdaság
keynesi rendje szerintem ugyanolyan súlyú, mint a keynesi Általános elmélet, és
ezért szerintem joggal nevezhető a keynesi Általános nemzetközi elméletnek. Ezt
az összehasonlítást szükségképpen a keynesi Általános elmélet rövid bemutatásával kell kezdenem, noha ez közismert.
Economic theory. Demography, Economic history and conditions
To amass a body of knowledge for managing emergency situations in pharmacies, we surveyed the occurrence and nature of medical problems in Hungarian pharmacies. The occurrence of real or suspected emergencies in pharmacies was markedly different and varied from 1−52 per year, with five cases per year on average. The most frequent problems were bleeding (69%) and dizziness (55%), but other more serious problems (allergic reaction (32%), collapse (23%), and chest pain (25%)) also occurred. Sometimes more than one symptom was reported by a patient. People appear to consider pharmacies to be an appropriate site for receiving first aid for minor ailments, including common medical problems (e.g., fever (12%)). Unfortunately, the range of interventions was very limited because of local legal regulations and the lack of appropriate guidelines for emergencies in pharmacies. The most frequent interventions were wound treatment, control of bleeding (78%), alleviation of anxiety (68%), and providing patients with a glass of water (55%). Very often, more than one intervention was reported for the same case. Whereas 76.3% of pharmacists provided interventions only for adults, 21% of pharmacists provided interventions for all types of patients (adults, co-workers in pharmacies, and children). Pharmacists appeared to be reluctant to treat children, owing to the special issues related to pediatrics. This poor range of intervention should encourage responsible officials to develop guidelines for pharmacists to ensure pharmacists’ familiarity with the appropriate interventions in emergency situations. Such knowledge could also provide a good basis for preparing pharmacists to perform vaccinations in the future. The pharmacists had a positive attitude toward providing first aid, and 88% of respondents requested more postgraduate education on medical first aid issues.
The outstanding Russian mathematician Aleksandr M. Lyapunov passed away one hundred years ago, on November 6, 1918. Honouring his memory, we recall the main events of his life when he was a student, then from the years in Saint Petersburg until 1885, from the Kharkov period, finally from his second period in Saint Petersburg from 1902. We recount the main fields of his scientific activity (stability theory, potential theory, probability theory, shape of planets) concerning stability theory and chaos in details.
Veronika Fenyves, Zoltán Bács, Zoltán Zéman
et al.
Napjaink globalizált és felgyorsult világában a kihívásoknak az a vállalat tud megfelelni, amely rendelkezik a szükséges információkkal és azt gyorsan képes szervezeti tudássá konvertálni. A vállalatok közötti gazdasági kapcsolatokban nagyon fontos információs forrás a számviteli beszámoló. A számviteli beszámoló két alapvető részéből, a mérlegből és az eredmény-kimutatásból, akkor lehet a szükséges információhoz jutni, ha a kiegészítő melléklet tartalmazza azokat az információkat, amelyek hozzájárulnak a beszámoló másik részének a jobb értelmezéséhez. A nem megfelelő tudásra épülő döntéshozatal tovább növeli az egyébként sem alacsony gazdasági kockázatokat.. Kutatásunkban azt vizsgáljuk, hogy a vállalatok által elkészített kiegészítő mellékletek tartalmazzák-e azokat az információkat, amelyek segítségével a partner vállalatokra vonatkozó szükséges pénzügyi ismeretek megszerezhetők. A vizsgálathoz a 62-es TEÁOR számú, főtevékenységként Információtechnológiai szolgáltatás tevékenységet megadó vállalatokat kiegészítő mellékleteit használtuk fel. Szövegbányászat segítségével azt vizsgáljuk, hogy a kiegészítő mellékletek mennyiben felelnek meg a számviteli törvény általi előírásoknak.
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar Las Infantas (1998) de Lina Meruane como una recopilación de cuentos integrados que, bajo los preceptos de la estética barroca y neobarroca delineados por Severo Sarduy, se construye como un tejido de entrecruzamientos e hibridaciones entre diversas tradiciones, con un afán crítico y subversivo propio también de la posmodernidad. Lo clásico, sobre todo aquello relacionado con la literatura infantil, se adopta y se adapta a un nuevo contexto.
Discourse analysis, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
Analysis of memory studies is usually focusing on processes of remembrance, looking at the actors, sites, processes, institutions of remembering. This article however looks at non-remembering as a conscious strategy of not participating in commemorations of the 70th Anniversary of the Holocaust in Hungary. It claims that lack of common language, the imprisonment of a “true” versus “false” dichotomy is contributing to the further pillarisation of the Hungarian memory culture.