O artigo discute a judicialização da violência contra as mulheres, com foco nos processos de vitimização que emergem em casos de feminicídio no Estado de Santa Catarina. As reflexões baseiam-se em pesquisa etnográfica realizada em 2019, no âmbito de um doutorado em antropologia social. A metodologia envolveu a observação de audiências judiciais nas quais eram julgados fatos tipificados pela “Lei Maria da Penha” (Lei 11.340/06) e pela Lei do Feminicídio (Lei 13.104/15). A partir do relato de um caso, o artigo analisa as disputas em torno da vitimização (Barthe, 2019) e a construção do feminicídio como um intolerável social (Fassin; Bourdelais; Dozon, 2005) no campo judicial. As análises evidenciam a mobilização de discursos que hierarquizam vítimas (entre “boas” e “más”), revelando uma tensão específica nos casos de feminicídio, que, embora recebam maior investimento do aparato judicial, não se traduzem necessariamente em avanços nas políticas públicas voltadas à violência contra as mulheres.
El exemplum XXVI del Libro del conde Lucanor (1335) merece que nos detengamos en el motivo del árbol, tercer personaje por derecho propio de esta fábula alegórica ‒junto con las personificaciones de la Verdad y la Mentira, dos conceptos clave en la obra manuelina–. El simbolismo del árbol, y el de cada una de sus partes (ramas, hojas, flores, frutos, tronco, sombra, raíces), es explotado por don Juan Manuel de forma muy sugerente, traspasando los límites de la simple comparación: ello le permite abrir el sentido del relato a lecturas complementarias y, a veces, incluso en apariencia contradictorias. Este tupido bosque de metáforas e interpretaciones sirve tanto al propósito narrativo como a la intención del autor, pero también permite acercarse al corpus de textos conocidos por el noble castellano y estudiar el modo en que se apropia de ellos para crear una obra altamente original.
While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced GUI navigation agents, current approaches face limitations in cross-domain generalization and effective history utilization. We present a reasoning-enhanced framework that systematically integrates structured reasoning, action prediction, and history summarization. The structured reasoning component generates coherent Chain-of-Thought analyses combining progress estimation and decision reasoning, which inform both immediate action predictions and compact history summaries for future steps. Based on this framework, we train a GUI agent, \textbf{GUI-Rise}, through supervised fine-tuning on pseudo-labeled trajectories and reinforcement learning with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). This framework employs specialized rewards, including a history-aware objective, directly linking summary quality to subsequent action performance. Comprehensive evaluations on standard benchmarks demonstrate state-of-the-art results under identical training data conditions, with particularly strong performance in out-of-domain scenarios. These findings validate our framework's ability to maintain robust reasoning and generalization across diverse GUI navigation tasks. Code is available at https://leon022.github.io/GUI-Rise.
Traditional imitation learning focuses on modeling the behavioral mechanisms of experts, which requires a large amount of interaction history generated by some fixed expert. However, in many streaming applications, such as streaming recommender systems, online decision-makers typically engage in online learning during the decision-making process, meaning that the interaction history generated by online decision-makers includes their behavioral evolution from novice expert to experienced expert. This poses a new challenge for existing imitation learning approaches that can only utilize data from experienced experts. To address this issue, this paper proposes an inverse batched contextual bandit (IBCB) framework that can efficiently perform estimations of environment reward parameters and learned policy based on the expert's behavioral evolution history. Specifically, IBCB formulates the inverse problem into a simple quadratic programming problem by utilizing the behavioral evolution history of the batched contextual bandit with inaccessible rewards. We demonstrate that IBCB is a unified framework for both deterministic and randomized bandit policies. The experimental results indicate that IBCB outperforms several existing imitation learning algorithms on synthetic and real-world data and significantly reduces running time. Additionally, empirical analyses reveal that IBCB exhibits better out-of-distribution generalization and is highly effective in learning the bandit policy from the interaction history of novice experts.
We study generalized anti-self-dual instantons defined over Riemannian manifolds equipped with a parallel codimension-$4$ differential form. In particular, for product Riemannian manifolds possessing such a form, we study dimension reduction phenomena, finding a topological criterion for bundles which, when satisfied, allows for a complete characterization of dimension reduction for the corresponding moduli space of generalized ASD instantons. By establishing an integrability result for families of connections, we then deduce explicit descriptions for these moduli spaces, including those of Hermitian Yang--Mills connections, $G_2$-, and $\Spin(7)$-instantons. When one factor in the product is a $4$-manifold, we establish well-behaved compactifications for these moduli spaces.
What is general education? This question usually presumes that general education exists as a substance. Following this presumption, “artes liberalis” and “Bildung” are considered as the archetypes of general education. These two have different meanings, but they both set human beings as the subject and they both teach humanities and living arts. The Anthropocene, which threatens the survival of mankind, let alone the sustainability of human civilization, demands a new concept of general education that breaks away from anthropocentrism. The conventional Humanities-centered general education must break out of the egg of humanism. Big History, which provides scientific knowledge on almost everything from the Big Bang to the Anthropocene, can present a post-human general education concept and a general education model. Therefore, this thesis aims to find a way for a general education Renaissance in the Anthropocene through Big History.
Objectives The possible predictive effect of echocardiographic aortic root diameter (ARD) on the incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs) in a large, general population is limited. In addition, there is a lack of data about rural participants. We intend to figure out the possible relationship between ARD and the incidence of CVEs among the general population from rural China.Design Population-based cohort study.Setting Rural areas in Liaoning Province, Northeast China.Participants At baseline, 9810 participants (mean age 53±10, 49.1% male) were enrolled in the Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study between 2012 and 2017.Main outcome measures Cardiac ultrasonography, lifestyle, medical history, laboratory testing, blood pressure, weight and height. ARD measurement was conducted at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva. Furthermore, the ARD was indexed to height or body surface area.Results During a median follow-up of 4.66 years, 550 non-fatal or fatal CVEs were recorded. Adjusting for blood pressure, age, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, estimated glomerular filtration rate, current smoking and drinking, previous cardiovascular diseases and antihypertensive treatment; ARD/height (HR per 1-unit increase=1.781, 95% CI: 1.160 to 2.736, p=0.008) was associated with an increased risk of CVEs in men only. The combination of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and aortic dilation was an independent and powerful predictor for cardiovascular prognosis compared with aortic dilation alone in men but not in women.Conclusions Our study enrols a large sample of rural Chinese residents, and first confirms that ARD/height has a predictive effect on the incidence of CVEs among rural Chinese residents. The combination of LVH and aortic dilation is synergistic, which increases its predictive effect on CVEs in men only, suggesting that aortic dilatation predicts cardiovascular prognosis better than LVH does in men but not in women.
Tyler Cody, Niloofar Shadab, Alejandro Salado
et al.
Engineering methods are centered around traditional notions of decomposition and recomposition that rely on partitioning the inputs and outputs of components to allow for component-level properties to hold after their composition. In artificial intelligence (AI), however, systems are often expected to influence their environments, and, by way of their environments, to influence themselves. Thus, it is unclear if an AI system's inputs will be independent of its outputs, and, therefore, if AI systems can be treated as traditional components. This paper posits that engineering general intelligence requires new general systems precepts, termed the core and periphery, and explores their theoretical uses. The new precepts are elaborated using abstract systems theory and the Law of Requisite Variety. By using the presented material, engineers can better understand the general character of regulating the outcomes of AI to achieve stakeholder needs and how the general systems nature of embodiment challenges traditional engineering practice.
Outlaw King directed by David Mackenzie, follows the story of Robert Bruce as he defies Edward I’s dominance over Scotland. Bruce with the help of a group of allies amasses a small army to fight back and assert Scotland’s independence. The history of Scottish independence in the fourteenth century is one that is defined by a constant push and pull between English forces and the forces of Robert Bruce. Its history is complicated with many conflicts, alliances, and interwoven narratives that make this story one that is incredibly complicated. For the purposes of this paper, I examine Mackenzie’s cinematic depiction of the key historical figures of the time and argue that Mackenzie’s cinematic depiction of this period of history falls short of the mark when it comes to an accurate depiction of Robert Bruce's life as an outlaw king. What one will come to realize is that the filmmakers make a number of decisions which compromise historical accuracy for the sake of creating better drama.
Na stranicama koje slede nastojaćemo da pružimo jedno tumačenje pojma „angažmanˮ u Sartrovom egzistencijalizmu. Polazeći od reprezentativnih dela francuskog mislioca, najpre ćemo razmotriti razumevanje egzistencije koje nam se u njima nudi, kao centralnog pojma Sartrove celokupne filozofske delatnosti. Pokazaće se da „tehničkoˮ značenje tog termina, pored svih „subjektivističkih” momenata koje sa sobom nosi, nedvosmisleno upućuje na shvatanje čoveka kao bića-u-svetu odnosno bića-u-situaciji koje egzistira na način koegzistencije. To biće pobliže će nam se ukazati na način angažovanosti kao odlučujućeg modusa egzistiranja. U skladu sa razvojnim tokom Sartrove misli, otkriće se dve dimenzije angažmana: egzistencijalno-individualna i društveno-kolektivna. Na kraju, pokušaćemo da osenčimo momente koji idu u pravcu dijalektičkog preplitanja te dve dimenzije angažmana, a ne njihovog konačnog razdvajanja i suprotstavljanja, istovremeno ističući i individualni i društveni smisao koji u sebi nosi pojam egzistencije u Sartovoj filozofiji.
Social Sciences, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
The redcoat, particularly the uniform itself, has become a symbol of often contrasting ideas. Jane Austen disliked the collective redcoat while others viewed the British infantryman in a more positive light. The redcoat permeated early 19th century society in terms of fashion, literature, and even plays, though still remains shrouded in mystery as to how civilians perceived this conflicting symbol. This paper will argue that the public perception of the redcoat during the Napoleonic era was paradoxical and depended on historical and personal context, though it largely projected a romanticized view of the British soldier. The redcoat symbolized heroism, chivalry, and power, often impressing the public at military events. However, beneath these gaudy coats were mere mortals who could cloak their sins beneath a convenient symbol of morality, effectively fooling the public with their new and pristine identity.
Alexander Gallego Cadavid, Yeinzon Rodriguez, L. Gabriel Gomez
As a modified gravity theory that introduces new gravitational degrees of freedom, the generalized SU(2) Proca theory (GSU2P for short) is the non-Abelian version of the well-known generalized Proca theory where the action is invariant under global transformations of the SU(2) group. This theory was formulated for the first time in Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 084041, having implemented the required primary constraint-enforcing relation to make the Lagrangian degenerate and remove one degree of freedom from the vector field in accordance with the irreducible representations of the Poincaré group. It was later shown in Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 045008, ibid 045009, that a secondary constraint-enforcing relation, which trivializes for the generalized Proca theory but not for the SU(2) version, was needed to close the constraint algebra. It is the purpose of this paper to implement this secondary constraint-enforcing relation in GSU2P and to make the construction of the theory more transparent. Since several terms in the Lagrangian were dismissed in Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 084041 via their equivalence to other terms through total derivatives, not all of the latter satisfying the secondary constraint-enforcing relation, the work was not so simple as directly applying this relation to the resultant Lagrangian pieces of the old theory. Thus, we were motivated to reconstruct the theory from scratch. In the process, we found the beyond GSU2P.
Abstract Homeopathy arrived from the United States to Peruvian soil in the last decades of the nineteenth century, broadening the repertoire of existing medical knowledge, which included an emerging medical profession, Chinese herbalists, and indigenous practitioners. This article examines the circulation and use of homeopathic therapies and medicines in Lima from the time when the American homeopath George Deacon initiated his practice, in the 1880s, until his death, in 1915. Although homeopathy was not the most widely used medical therapy in the country, it nevertheless posed a threat to professional medicine and the School of Medicine’s desired monopoly of the field of medicine.
Objective: To describe the presentation and outcome of upper gastrointestinal (GI) foreign bodies in children.
Study Design: Descriptive case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, the Children’s Hospital & the Institute of Child Health Lahore, from Jan 2016 to Dec 2016.
Material and Methods: Fifty eight children with history of foreign body ingestion were included in the study through non probability purposive sampling technique. Children underwent upper GI endoscopy flexible endoscope under general anesthesia. The data such as age, sex, mode of presentation, type of foreign body and site of impaction was recorded on a specially designed proforma. Qualitative variables including gender, type of foreign body, clinical features, site of impaction etc were expressed in term of frequencies and percentages while age was expressed as mean and standard deviation.
Results: Among 58 patients 53.4% (n=31) were male and 46.6% (n=27) were female with age range from 2 months to 15 years. Majority of cases had developed dysphagia (70.7%). Coins were the most common foreign bodies encountered (32.8%) followed by button batteries (31%). Lower esophagus was the most common site of impaction of foreign bodies (65.5%).
Conclusion: Coins and button batteries are the common upper GI foreign bodies with lower esophagus being the most common site of impaction. Commonest presenting feature was dysphagia. Endoscopic retrieval of foreign bodies under general anesthesia is a safe mode of treatment.