Hasil untuk "Geography"

Mingwei Su, Yunbo Zheng

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to understand the spatial and temporal evolution of the level of rule of law government construction in China and the mechanism of influence, in an attempt to expand the research direction of legal geography, and to provide empirical cases for how developing countries can promote the rule of law construction under unbalanced geographic, economic and institutional conditions. The study investigates the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of law-based government construction levels in each of China’s 31 provincial administrative regions from 2015 to 2022, employing the Moran index and geographic detectors. The results show: (1) The construction level of law-based government in each provincial administrative region has exhibited a clear upward trend, shifting from predominantly “low” and “medium-low” levels to predominantly “medium-high” and “high” levels. (2) The construction level of law-based government and its development type exhibit clear spatial aggregation in each region. The spatial distribution of the four categorized types shows continuity and obvious characteristics of agglomeration. (3) The construction of a law-based government is influenced by economic, social, environmental, and political factors. The basic economic system, level of economic development, and resources per capita available to the administration have the greatest impact. The interaction between these factors significantly enhances their influence on the level of law-based government construction. The improvement of the level of rule of law government construction not only depends on the economic foundation and institutional resources, but is also affected by multiple factors such as urbanization development, demographic structure, public service provision, and institutional innovation path.

Paolo Macrì Antkiewicz

Alexandru Rusu, Octavian Groza, Nicolae Popa et al.

This study evaluates the impact of different territorial contexts on academic mobility within the framework of the Erasmus Programme, using data on Key Action 1 exchanges between 2015 and 2023. Using official EU datasets and a gravity model framework, the research investigates how economic performance, geographical distance, EU membership, AUF (Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie) regional affiliation, and state contiguity shape international academic flows. The research developed two gravity models: one aimed to measure the potential barriers to academic flows through a residuals analysis, and the second integrated territorial delineations as predictors. In both models, the core of the explanatory variable is formed by indicators describing the economic performance of states and the distance between countries. When applied, the models converge in emphasizing that the inclusion of states in different territorial configurations has a strong effect on the structuring of academic flows. This suggests that the Erasmus Programme exhibits trends of overconcentration of flows in a limited number of countries, questioning the need for a more polycentric strategy and a reshaping of the funding mechanisms. Even if the gravity models behave well, given the limited number of predictors, further studies may need to incorporate qualitative indicators for a more comprehensive evaluation of the interactions.

David Stefanelly

Research Framework: A Legitimist representative under the Second Republic (1848-1852), Paul de Dieuleveult (1799-1867) embodied the traditional Western notable in the mid-19th century. His privileged social position marks the culmination of a social ascent begun by his father, François-Marie, in Tréguier, Côtes-du-Nord.Objectives: To examine the importance of family heritage in the Legitimist commitment of Paul de Dieuleveult and his fellow Legislative deputies.Methodology: To achieve this, we will draw on the work of our thesis (Stefanelly, 2013) and on the biographical notes of parliamentarians.Results: Paul de Dieuleveult’s commitment to the Legitimist cause was determined by his family background. His father rose socially through his medical activities, his two successive marriages, his attainment of a noble title and the exercise of local responsibilities under the Restoration. Paul belongs to this lineage. Thanks to him, he has considerable material and land assets. His marriage enables him to complete alliances with the region’s prominent families. His entry into politics in the final years of the Restoration period gave concrete expression to his legitimist commitment. The July Monarchy marked a political break, but he returned to the forefront of local political life in 1848 and became a member of parliament. During his term of office, he endeavored to build on his political base by preserving community unanimity.Conclusion: Many of his fellow Legitimists in the West, birthplace of Legitimism, are part of a family heritage. A minority of them have less marked family antecedents and have emerged socially thanks to their abilities.Contributions: The family dimension is essential to understanding the political commitment of a legitimist representative under the Second Republic, even if this is not true in all cases, and the individual psychological dimension is a factor to be taken into account.

Kyeong-Tae Lee, Garance Perrois, Hyun-Sung Yang et al.

This study was carried out to determine the levels of resistance and resilience of kelp forests to large-scale physical disturbances. Our study site, Seongsan, Jeju Island, was impacted by super typhoon ‘Hinnamnor’. Before the typhoon, Seongsan had shown high ecosystem stability. Our results indicated that the ecological stability of a kelp forest facing a severe typhoon is strongly linked to the prevailing environmental conditions. Although typhoon impact resulted in a significant loss of brown macroalgae canopy, <i>Ecklonia cava</i> remained dominant within the kelp forest community. Resistance and resilience levels strongly depended on water temperature and movement and presence of turf-forming algae. Hence, hydrodynamic and biological factors strongly influence the overall stability of a kelp forest. We also report the first occurrences of a scleractinian coral species (i.e., <i>Montipora millepora</i>) at Seongsan, which became visible after canopy loss following the typhoon. Our findings provide valuable ecological information about the benthic community of kelp-dominated ecosystems and are essential to mitigate the impacts of expected climate change-driven rises in seawater temperature and the frequency of super typhoons.

K. Furlong

This progress report explores economies of infrastructure, concentrating on questions of financialization. Interest in infrastructure financialization has grown with concern about financialization more broadly, coming to dominate discussions on economies of infrastructure. Below, I engage with research that explores what infrastructure financialization entails, its scope, as well as the mathematical infrastructures that support it. Questioning the common presentation of financialization as a complete break with past economies of infrastructure, I bookend this report with its links to – and continuities with – debt-led infrastructure development, which prevailed in the post-war period and remains of great importance in contemporary economies of infrastructure.

Oleksii M. Shushura, Liudmyla A. Asieieva, Oleksiy L. Nedashkivskiy et al.

The widespread use of computer technology, its rapid development and use in almost all areas of human activity requires constant updating of information security issues. The activities of many enterprises in the field of IT, construction, and other areas are of a project nature and therefore further research on information security management of projects is relevant. Appearance of changes and the current state of the project results at certain points of time describe the documents that accompany it. In this paper, the information structure of the project is considered as a set of specific documents. During the life cycle of each project document, which includes the creation, transfer, preservation and transformation, there are generally threats to its confidentiality, integrity, accessibility and authenticity. This paper develops a method for assessing the risks of violation of the availability of project documents in solving information security problems. A formal description of many project documents in the form of a generalized hierarchical structure is presented, the connection of documents with the operations performed on them and information systems used during these operations is formalized. Given the incompleteness and dimension of the data, the based on fuzzy logic model was developed to assess the risk of document accessibility. Approaches to the assessment of the damage from the violation of the availability of the project document and the method of calculating the overall assessment of the risk of violation of the documents availability are proposed. The results presented in this paper can be used in decision-making processes regarding information security of projects in organizations that have project activities. The approaches proposed in this paper can serve as a basis for the creation of specialized information technologies to automate the calculation of project risk assessments.

Léa Ravensbergen, R. Buliung, Nicole Laliberté

A. Buttimer, D. Seamon

Domenico Branca, Boris Blanco-Gallegos

El propósito de este artículo es reflexionar sobre la autorrepresentación aymara en el contextoperuano. El tema de la lengua tiene una importancia fundamental en las reivindicaciones político-identitariasa nivel global, ya que representa una herramienta comunicativa que pertenece, primariamente, al campo de laintimidad personal y, al mismo tiempo, a la idea de formar parte a un conjunto más amplio. La antropologíahan indagado detenidamente el rol de la lengua en las construcciones étnicas y grupales, el papel de marcadorque cumple en la construcción de los confines entre el “nosotros” y los “otros”, así como la necesidad políticade estudiar los textos producidos por ləs propios actorəs sociales. En esta línea, este texto, resultado de unainvestigación etnográfica de larga duración en la región de Puno, analiza la autorrepresentación identaria y eluso de la lengua aymara en textos muy diversos, desde traducciones literarias hasta artículos científicos, conel objetivo principal de contribuir a la discusión sobre la autorrepresentación étnica.

Ngo Thi Kim Dung

Quan Ho singing is a unique cultural practice originated in Bac Ninh, Northern Vietnam. Various aspects of this custom from historical values to cultural impacts have been thoroughly examined. There is, however, no comprehensive study explores Quan Ho under the scope of urban planning and architecture. In recent years, Bac Ninh has been increasingly urbanized, leading to changes in multiple elements of Quan Ho culture, especially cultural space. This paper focuses on such cultural space, presents publicly available data, and collects data along with qualitative, quantitative and comparative analysis to address the effects of urbanization on Quan Ho cultural space. The paper considers characteristics, factors and changing trends of this cultural space, therefore confirms how transformation of Quan Ho cultural space is unavoidable. The paper also addresses planning and architectural requirements to harmonize between preservation and development. Among these requirements, the paper discusses in detail proper programming to optimize green spaces and limit over-urbanization, as well as planning original Quan Ho villages based on two distinctive models: adaptive preservation and development of new facilities on the old foundation. Proper landuse is suggested to build new living space to accommodate the evolving Quan Ho culture in modern society.

Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak

Finno-Ugric Borrowings in Yatvingian This paper considers 15 Yatvingian words suspected of being borrowed from a Finno-Ugric source. The hypothesis is rejected in the case of five lexical units, while two further proposals are considered uncertain. The following words are verified as Finno-Ugricisms: Yatv. aiga ‘end’ (← Balto-Finnic *akja ‘id.’); Yatv. ajki ‘time’ (← BF. *ajka ‘id.’); Yatv. fała ‘meat’ (← FU. *pala ‘bite; to eat’); Yatv. ławe ‘boat’ (← FU. *lajwa ‘boat, canoe’); Yatv. sini pl. ‘mushrooms’ (← BF. *sēne ‘mushroom’ < FU. *śänä ‘bracket fungus’); Yatv. tuolis ‘devil’ (← FU. *tule ‘fire’); Yatv. wa[g] ‘it is necessary’ (← BF. *wajakз ‘id.’); Yatv. wał ‘was’ (← FU. *wol- ‘was’).   Ugrofinizmy w języku jaćwieskim W niniejszej pracy omówiono 15 jaćwieskich wyrazów, podejrzanych o zapożyczenie ze źródła ugrofińskiego. Stanowczo odrzucono 5 jednostek leksykalnych. Dwie propozycje uznano za niepewne. Do prawdopodobnych ugrofinizmów zaliczono następujące wyrazy: jaćw. aiga ‘koniec’ (← bfi. *akja ‘ts.’); jaćw. ajki ‘czas’ (← bfi. *ajka ‘ts.’); jaćw. fała ‘mięso’ (← ugrofi. *pala ‘kąsek; jeść’); jaćw. ławe ‘łódź’ (← ugrofi. *lajwa ‘łódź, czółno’); jaćw. sini pl. ‘grzyby’ (← bfi. *sēne ‘grzyb’ < ugrofi. *śänä ‘huba, grzyb drzewny’); jaćw. tuolis ‘diabeł’ (← ugrofi. *tule ‘ogień’); jaćw. wa[g] ‘trzeba’ (← bfi. *wajakз ‘ts.’); jaćw. wał ‘było’ (← ugrofi. *wol- ‘był’).

سید صلاح الدین نقشبندی, کاوه میرانی

<strong>این</strong><strong>پژوهش</strong><strong>با</strong><strong>هدف</strong><strong>ساخت و</strong><strong>اعتبارسنجی</strong><strong>ابزاری</strong><strong>برای</strong><strong>ارزیابی</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>سنجش</strong><strong>ادراک رفتارهای سیاسی</strong> <strong>انجام</strong><strong>شده</strong><strong>است. جامعة آماری پژوهش همة کارکنان وزارت ورزش‌وجوانان به تعداد 1171 نفر بود. برای برآورد حجم نمونه از نرم‌افزار تعیین حجم نمونه استفاده شد که حجم نمونه تعداد 530 نفر برآورد شد. شایان ذکر</strong><strong>است</strong><strong>که</strong><strong>این</strong><strong>پژوهش،</strong><strong>توصیفی و</strong><strong>ازنوع</strong><strong>مطالعات</strong><strong>همبستگی</strong><strong>بود. روایی صوری</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>محتوایی</strong><strong>ابزار</strong><strong>پژوهش</strong><strong>توسط</strong><strong>گروهی</strong><strong>از</strong><strong>اساتید</strong><strong>صاحب‌نظر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>روایی</strong><strong>سازة</strong><strong>آن</strong><strong>به‌وسیلة</strong><strong>تحلیل</strong><strong>عاملی اکتشافی و تحلیل عاملی تأییدی</strong><strong>مبتنی</strong><strong>‌</strong><strong>بر مدل</strong><strong>معادلات</strong><strong>ساختاری</strong><strong>تأیید</strong><strong>شد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزارهای اس.پی.اس.س، اس.پی.اس.س سمپل پاور و آموس، استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که نتیجة آزمون کرویت بارتلت در سطح معناداری 001/0 = </strong><strong>Sig</strong><strong> بود و این بدان‌معنی است که متغیرها به اندازة کافی همبستگی بالایی داشتند تا پایه‌ای منطقی برای تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی فراهم آورند. همچنین، نتایج شاخص‌های برازش مدل اندازه‌گیری نشان داد که پرسش‌نامة ادراک رفتارهای سیاسی سازمانی از شرایط مطلوبی برخوردار بود.</strong><strong>در آخر، نتایج برازش مدل ساختاری بیانگر آن بود که همة مؤلفه‌های «رفتارهای سیاسی عمومی، موفقیت به‌واسطة همکاری، سیاست­ پرداخت و ارتقا» برازش مدل را تأیید می‌کنند.</strong><strong>به‌طورکلی، نتایج</strong><strong>پژوهش</strong><strong>حاکی از آن است که</strong><strong>با</strong><strong>استفاده از پرسش‌نامة ادراک رفتارهای سیاسی می‌توان</strong><strong>به</strong><strong>‌</strong><strong>طور</strong><strong>قابل</strong><strong>‌</strong><strong>قبولی خصیصه­های رفتارهای سیاسی را در وزارت ورزش‌ و دیگر سازمان‌های ورزشی اندازه‌گیری</strong><strong>کرد. استفاده</strong><strong>از</strong><strong>این</strong><strong>پرسش‌نامه</strong><strong>می‌تواند</strong><strong>راهگشای</strong><strong>بسیاری</strong><strong>از</strong><strong>پژوهش‌هایی</strong><strong>باشد</strong><strong>که</strong><strong>در آن‌ها</strong><strong>اندازه</strong><strong>‌</strong><strong>گیری</strong><strong>ادراک رفتارهای سیاسی</strong><strong>از</strong><strong>اهمیت</strong><strong>ویژه‌ای</strong><strong>برخوردار</strong><strong>خواهد بود.</strong>

Cassio V. Ruas, Ronei S. Pinto, Guy G. Haff et al.

Resistance training is often recommended for combined increases in traditional and alternative hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratios in order to reduce knee strength imbalance and associated hamstrings and knee ligament injury risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentric and eccentric resistance training programs on traditional and alternative H:Q ratios. Forty male volunteers were assigned to one of 4 groups: concentric quadriceps and concentric hamstrings (CON/CON, n = 10), eccentric quadriceps and eccentric hamstrings (ECC/ECC, n = 10), concentric quadriceps and eccentric hamstrings (CON/ECC, n = 10), or no training (control (CNTRL), n = 10). Traditional conventional (CR) and functional (FR), alternative rate of torque development (RTD), muscle size (MS), and muscle activation (MA) H:Q ratios were measured before and after six weeks of unilateral nondominant knee extension&#8722;flexion resistance training performed on an isokinetic dynamometer. The ECC/ECC training significantly increased FR (pre = 0.75 &#177; 0.11; post = 0.85 &#177; 0.15), whereas the lack of training (CNTRL) decreased the RTD H:Q ratio (pre = 1.10 &#177; 0.67; post = 0.73 &#177; 0.33). There were no differences between groups for the other traditional and alternative ratios following resistance training protocols. These findings suggest eccentric exercise for quadriceps and hamstrings as the most beneficial training program for inducing increases in the traditional FR. However, different resistance training strategies may be needed to also elicit increases in the alternative RTD, MS, and MA H:Q ratios for fully restoring muscle balance and reducing potential hamstrings and knee ligament injury risk.

Witold Pawłowski, Krzysztof Goniewicz, Mariusz Goniewicz et al.

Brain injury may be the result of a sudden blow to the head or head impact. The result is damage at the site of application of force and damage of the remote location. The force acting on the head causes not only local effects through the oppression, but also puts in motion the head, which causes the cranial structures The aim of the study was to characterize head injuries with special attention to their types. After regaining consciousness, and coming out of immediate danger of life reveals a number of problems the nature of neurological, psychological and neuropsychological, the latter reveal the disorder is sometimes quite late due to their discrete nature A serious problem is post traumatic stress disorder in the form of fear, helplessness, feelings of constant threat. In extreme cases, they represent a permanent team apical or brain death occurs.

C. Philo

T. Jazeel

Jonathan Rodden

J. Pickles

T. Bunnell, S. Yea, Linda Peake et al.