Hasil untuk "Fuel"

V. Stamenković, D. Strmčnik, P. Lopes et al.

Wei Li, Jun Liu, Dongyuan Zhao

Wai Siong Chai, Yulei Bao, J. Pengfei et al.

Xin Li, Jiaguo Yu, Jingxiang Low et al.

M. Höök, Xu Tang

Ying Huang, V. Yang

M. Armand, F. Endres, D. Macfarlane et al.

E. Rubin

A. Lefebvre

Tamer M. M. Abdellatief, Ahmad Mustafa, Mohamed Koraiem M. Handawy et al.

This research work seeks to introduce eco-friendly, low-carbon, and high-octane biofuel gasoline production using a synergistic approach. Four types of high-octane gasoline, including SynergyFuel-92, SynergyFuel-95, SynergyFuel-98, and SynergyFuel-100, were generated, emphasizing the deliberate combination of petroleum-derived gasoline fractions using reformate, isomerate, and delayed coking (DC) naphtha with octane-boosting compounds—bio-methanol and bio-ethanol. A set of tests have been performed to examine the effects of antiknock properties, density, oxidation stability, distillation range characteristics, hydrocarbon composition, vapor pressure, and the volatility index on gasoline blends. The experimental results indicated that the gasoline blends made from biofuel (SynergyFuel-92, -95, -98, and 100) showed adherence to important fuel quality criteria in the USA, Europe, and China. These blends had good characteristics, such as low quantities of benzene and sulfur, regulated levels of olefins and aromatics, and good distillation qualities. By fulfilling these strict regulations, Synergy Fuel is positioned as a competitive and eco-friendly substitute for traditional gasoline. The results reported that SynergyFuel-100 demonstrated the strongest hot-fuel-handling qualities and resistance to vapor lock among all the mentioned Synergy Fuels. Finally, the emergence of eco-friendly, low-carbon, and high-octane biofuel gasoline production with synergistic benefits is a big step in the direction of sustainable transportation.

Tomas Mickevičius, Agnieszka Dudziak, Jonas Matijošius et al.

In the pursuit of sustainable and circular energy sources, this study examines the potential of tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) as a diesel fuel substitute when combined with hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), a second-generation biofuel. At varying TPO-HVO blend percentages, this investigation evaluates engine performance and emissions in relation to critical fuel parameters, including density, viscosity, and lubricity. The high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) method was employed to examine tribological aspects, and a single-cylinder diesel engine was tested under various load conditions. The findings indicated that blends containing up to 30% TPO maintained sufficient lubrication and engine performance to comply with diesel standards, concurrently reducing carbon monoxide and smoke emissions. The increase in TPO proportion resulted in a decrease in cetane number, an increase in NOx emissions, and a rise in viscosity, particularly under full engine load conditions. The utilization of TPO is crucial for converting tire waste into fuel, as it mitigates the accumulation of tire waste and reduces dependence on fossil fuels, despite existing challenges. This study provides critical insights into the efficacy of blending methods and underscores the necessity of additional fuel refining processes, such as cetane enhancement and desulfurization, to facilitate their integration into transportation energy systems.

Beatriz E. Rubio-Campos, Edilberto Murrieta-Luna, Lázaro Canizalez Dávalos et al.

The increasing accumulation of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) presents serious environmental problems, prompting the scientific community to develop waste management strategies. Despite the efforts, traditional mechanical recycling methods for PET face numerous limitations, leading to the exploration of alternative recycling approaches. Research has focused on exploring techniques such as PET combustion, but it has resulted in a complex process due to each plastics reacting differently when exposed to heat. A major advantage of quaternary recycling of PET is reducing the mass of solid by 70 % and can generate 475.73 kJ/kg of energy. This article presents a numerical study of a crucible furnace for non-ferrous metal smelting, fueled by methane-air and ground PET. The combustion is conducted under controlled conditions. A hydrodynamic analysis is performed by analyzing the pressure contours, velocity contours, and pathlines in the combustion chamber. A thermal and chemical study is also performed, analyzing temperature profiles and predicting flue gas emissions. The results show that the turbulence model used predicted eddy formation. The average temperature in the combustion chamber was 900 K, and species analysis at the furnace outlet indicates that this method is a sustainable and effective solution for waste plastic management.

Joana Cordeiro Torcato, Rodrigo Silva, Mário Eusébio

Electrification is a highly effective decarbonization and environmental incentive strategy for the chemical industry. Nevertheless, it may lead to downstream challenges in the process. This study analyzes the consequences of electrifying compressors within the steam cracker (SC) condensate system, focusing on the reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption without compromising the process’s energy efficiency. The aim is to study the impact that the reduction in steam expanded by turbines has on boiler feedwater (BFW) temperature and, subsequently, the behavior it triggers in fuel gas (FG) consumption and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in furnaces. It was concluded that condensate imports from the Energies and Utilities Plant (E&U) would increase by a factor of four, with approximately 60% of the imported condensate being cold condensate. The study revealed a mitigation of CO₂ emissions, resulting in a 1.3% reduction and a reduction in FG consumption of 1.8% preventing an increase in site energy consumption by 795.4 kW in furnaces. Condenser optimization reduces CO₂ emissions by 60%. Energy integration with quench water resulted in heat saving of 1824 kW in hot utility consumption and generating annual savings of EUR 2.3 M. The global carbon dioxide balance can achieve up to a 25% reduction.

Hayat Abdulla Yusuf, Abeer Faisal Abdulla, Fatema Aqeel Radhi et al.

Biodiesel as a renewable and environmentally friendly fuel can be considered an alternative to fossil fuel in industries, and one of the promising approaches to developing biodiesel yield is its production in microreactors. However, the produced quantity from microreactors is limited which necessitates higher throughput microreactors to be produced, maintaining the high yield of biodiesel. Therefore, this study investigated the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide as the catalyst using a novel branched microreactor, used for higher throughput applications. Thus, a novel four-micro serpentine-based microreactor was designed and fabricated with no external tubing. Biodiesel is produced in the fabricated microreactor and the Box-Behnken Design method (BBD) in Minitab software was used to design the experiments with different operating conditions: methanol to oil molar ratio (6:1–12:1), catalyst concentration (0.5–1.5 wt%), and reaction temperature (55–65 °C) to optimize the biodiesel volume yield in the designed microreactor. The optimum biodiesel yield using GC–MS analysis was found to be 82.8 % at a methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1, 1.5 wt% catalyst concentration, and reaction temperature of 59.4 °C while maintaining the reactants’ inlet flow rate of 20 µL/s. Production of up to 35 mL biodiesel was collected in 30 min only. In addition, the microreactor achieved up to 97 % conversion at inlet flow rates of 8.5 µL/s.

Jiayu Xie, Xin Ma, Wenjun Kuang

FeCrAl alloy, a promising candidate for accident tolerance fuel (ATF) cladding, has relatively low resistance to general corrosion in high temperature water. To improve the corrosion resistance, a continuous Al2O3 layer was formed on the surface of FeCrAl alloy through gaseous pre-oxidation. It was found that such treatment can significantly improve its corrosion resistance in high temperature hydrogenated water. The thickness of inner oxide layer after exposure to 320 °C hydrogenated water for 950 h was reduced by ∼40%. In addition, the size and density of outer oxide particles were also decreased. However, the Al2O3 film pre-formed on FeCrAl alloy had poor stability in high temperature water and its long-term effect needs to be further evaluated.

Pengfei Qin, Jinli Wang, Aiping Xu et al.

China has become a major global power due to its rapid economic growth, which is being driven by resource-intensive industries but at a considerable environmental cost. This study investigates the intricate relationships that exist between China's mining regulations, resource utilization, and environmentally friendly policies, as well as the overall impacts of these relationships on economic growth. The research uses a rigorous regression analysis approach and data from the Ministry of National Resources and the China Statistical Yearbook from 1986 to 2022. Integrating a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) enables an investigation of the relationships among debt levels, GDP, and natural financing. Wald test estimates also reveal exact Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) relationships. The results indicate that while China's economy has significantly benefited from mineral-intensive sectors, green measures are urgently needed to slow environmental deterioration. The focus should be redirected toward encouraging sustainable and ongoing development. These results highlight the critical role that green projects play in fostering economic growth. How China strikes a careful balance between its goals for ecological sustainability and economic growth is crucial for both China and the rest of the world in an era characterized by worries about climate change and resource shortages. The objective of this study is to analyze the complex relationship among China's mining regulations, resource utilization, and environmental policies. It will evaluate the effects of these factors on economic growth, with a particular focus on the necessity of adopting sustainable development practices in the face of environmental challenges and economic expansion. The study's goal is to examine the intricate relationships between China's resource use, environmental policies, and mining restrictions. It focuses on the importance of sustainable development methods in the face of environmental issues and economic growth. This research highlights the essential relationship between environmental stewardship and sustainable economic development, and policymakers, businesses, and environmental activists can all benefit from it.

Purnami Purnami, Fransisca Gayuh Utami Dewi, ING Wardana et al.

Hydrogen is an alternative fuel due to its environmental friendliness and abundance. Hydrogen can be produced through water-splitting technique, in which the Oxygen (O2) and Hydrogen (H2) are separated. Water electrolysis is one of many causes of water-splitting that effectively results H2 with high purity. One drawback of electrolysis is the low efficiency. In this study, a rice straw natural surfactant was utilized to improve the efficiency. Rice straw with the volume of 5 ml, 10 ml, dan 15 ml were added to the electrolyte solution. This study shows the rice straw based natural surfactant contains hydrophilic and hydrophobic sides. Both sides capable to reduce the surface tension of the solution which destabilizes water molecules. The aromatic magnetic field of rice straw surfactant homogenizes the water net dipole moment due to the diamagnetism of water. These contributes towards the weakened hydrogen bond of the water in the solution. The synergy between hydrophobic and hydrophilic sides is potent to alter hydrogen production rate through intrinsic magnetism.

Jiahang Zhang, Jianguo Zhu, Jingzhang Liu

Low-rank coal, accounting for 45% of the global coal reserves, is easier to use in terms of realizing ignition and stable combustion due to its relatively high levels of volatile content. But the problem of low-rank coal combustion is that its NO formation is in the range of 300–600 mg/m³, which makes the emission’s meeting of the environmental regulation quite difficult or uneconomic. Preheating combustion was a prospective combustion technology which involved preheating in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) first and then combustion in a combustor for preheated fuel. With three particle sizes (0–0.355 mm, 0–0.5 mm, and 0–1 mm), some experiments were carried out in a 30 kW test rig. The results showed that, in the CFB preheating, a particle size of 0–1 mm had the highest coal-gas heating value due to a long residence time. The release of species in the CFB preheating always followed the order H > N > C > S. For preheated fuel combustion, a particle size of 0–0.355 mm showed the fastest combustion velocity, with the highest temperature point near the nozzle. For all three particle sizes, the combustion of preheated fuel showed a uniform temperature distribution with a small temperature difference. The lowest NO emission was 105 mg/m³ for the particle size of 0–0.5 mm. A GRI-Mech 2.11 mechanism was used to simulate the formation of NO with different influencing factors, such as temperature, oxygen concentration, and secondary-air ratio. There was a good agreement between the experimental data and the simulation’s results. The simulation showed that the NO formation could be further decreased with an optimal secondary-air ratio. This investigation provides support for the basic understanding of preheating-combustion technology and potential industrial applications in the future.

Alex N. Tidd, Alex N. Tidd, Vasquez Caballero et al.

There is an urgent need to assess the extent to which the global fishing enterprise can be sustainable in the face of climate change. Artisanal fishing plays a crucial role in sustaining livelihoods and meeting food security demands in coastal countries. Yet, the ability of the artisanal sector to do so not only depends on the economic efficiency of the fleets, but also on the changing productivity and distribution of target species under rapid climate change in the oceans. These impacts are already leading to sudden declines, long-term collapses in production, or increases in the price of fish products, which can further exacerbate excess levels of fishing capacity. We examined historical changes (1950-2014) in technical efficiency within the global artisanal fishing fleets in relation to sea surface temperature anomalies, market prices by taxonomic group, and fuel costs. We show that temperature anomalies affected countries differently; while some have enhanced production from an increase in the resource distribution, which alter the structure of the ecosystem, others have had to adapt to the negative impacts of seawater warming. In addition, efficiency decreases are also related to rises in global marine fish price, whereby more labour and capital are attracted into the fishery, which in turn can lead to an excess in fleet capacity. Our results contribute to the understanding of how the effects of climate-induced change in the oceans could potentially affect the efficiency of artisanal fishing fleets.

Jianqi Zhu, Rong Yang, Guangyu Zhang

Hydrogen is a sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel produced by electrolytic water splitting. This requires efficient and easily accessible electrocatalysts to minimize energy consumption. Recently, as a substitute to the conventional noble-metal-based catalysts, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have demonstrated their potential as inexpensive catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this review, we offer an overview of recent progresses in the development of layered TMDs for the HER. The improvements in TMD catalytic activity in terms of nanostructuring, defect and boundary engineering, heteroatom doping, and interaction with the supporting material are presented. We summarize with a perspective on the challenges for the future development of highly effective TMD catalysts for the HER.