Hasil untuk "American literature"

M. Porter

D. Goldenberg, C. Burckhardt, L. Crofford

A. Feldman

W. Harmon, C. Holman, William Flint b. Thrall

I. Maignan, O. Ferrell

A. Portes, P. Landolt

Enrico Mariani

Despite David Fine’s consideration of Upton Sinclair’s novel Oil! (1926) as the most ambitious novel about Los Angeles in the 1920s (2004), the novel received limited critical attention, except for an early reading of the novel as a debunking of Los Angeles’ crooked capitalist monopoly, and a recent renewed interest in ecocritical perspectives related to the oil industry and oil trade. Venturing beyond these two main threads, the essay offers a reading of the novel that focuses on human interaction with the Southern California flora and fauna and explores how human/animal relationships influence the social dynamics between the protagonists and oil workers. The analysis is thus structured in two main parts. First, it briefly situates the novel within literary transitions: as a “new frontier” novel and as one of the earliest examples of extractive fiction (M. S. Henry 2019). Second, drawing on “animality studies” (M. Lundblad 2013), it analyzes several instances of humans’ animalization and animality – the construction of the human/animal categories based on Darwinist-Freudian terms – and interrogates the application of the “survival of the fittest” discourse to the conflict of capital (oilmen) versus labor (socialist workers). Ultimately, it demonstrates that the conflict is instead resolved on the grounds of Christian piety and morality, due to the religious component with which the narrative imbues Socialism.

W. C. Radünz, W. C. Radünz, B. Carmo et al.

<p>In wind energy research, scientific challenges are often associated with <i>complex terrain</i> sites, where orography, vegetation, and buildings disrupt flow uniformity. However, even sites characterized as <i>simple terrain</i> can exhibit significant spatial variability in wind speed, particularly during stable boundary layers (SBLs) and low-level jets (LLJs). This study investigates these terrain interactions using both simulations and observations from the American WAKe ExperimeNt (AWAKEN). We employ a multiscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulation, integrating mesoscale forcing in the coarse domains and representing three rows of turbines from the King Plains wind farm as generalized actuator disks (GAD) in the large-eddy simulation (LES) domains. During a nocturnal LLJ event on 3 April 2023, the downstream, wake-affected turbine rows outperformed the upstream, unwaked row by 25 <span class="inline-formula">%</span>–51 <span class="inline-formula">%</span>. This counterintuitive result arises from terrain-induced streamwise variations in hub-height wind speed of approximately 4 <span class="inline-formula">m s⁻¹</span> over 5 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> – equivalent to <span class="inline-formula">∼50</span> <span class="inline-formula">%</span> of the upstream reference speed. This enhancement outweighs the wake-induced reduction in mean wind speed (<span class="inline-formula">∼12</span> <span class="inline-formula">%</span>) and global blockage effects reported in the literature (<span class="inline-formula">∼1 %</span>–3.4 <span class="inline-formula">%</span>). The multiscale simulations capture the intra-farm spatial variability in power performance observed in SCADA data. Terrain-induced vertical displacement of the LLJ, coupled with large wind shear below the jet maximum, drives the substantial streamwise acceleration within the wind farm. These findings underscore the importance of accounting for spatial variability related to terrain, even in simple landscapes, particularly during LLJ conditions. Incorporating such effects into reduced-order modeling frameworks for wind farm design and control could significantly enhance their effectiveness.</p>

A. Turchetto-Zolet, F. Pinheiro, F. Salgueiro et al.

T. Rosenthal

María Isabel Hayek

Archivo histórico de Kipus: Revista Andina de Letras y Estudios Culturales, 2001.

R. Fantasia

P. Filipek, P. Accardo, G. Baranek et al.

J. Chippaux

Background Better knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics of snakebites could help to take measures to improve their management. The incidence and mortality of snakebites in the Americas are most often estimated from medical and scientific literature, which generally lack precision and representativeness. Methodology/Principal findings Authors used the notifications of snakebites treated in health centers collected by the Ministries of Health of the American countries to estimate their incidence and mortality. Data were obtained from official reports available on-line at government sites, including those of the Ministry of Health in each country and was sustained by recent literature obtained from PubMed. The average annual incidence is about 57,500 snake bites (6.2 per 100,000 population) and mortality is close to 370 deaths (0.04 per 100,000 population), that is, between one third and half of the previous estimates. The incidence of snakebites is influenced by the abundance of snakes, which is related to (i) climate and altitude, (ii) specific preferences of the snake for environments suitable for their development, and (iii) human population density. Recent literature allowed to notice that the severity of the bites depends mainly on (i) the snake responsible for the bite (species and size) and (ii) accessibility of health care, including availability of antivenoms. Conclusions/Significances The main limitation of this study could be the reliability and accuracy of the notifications by national health services. However, the data seemed consistent considering the similarity of the incidences on each side of national boundaries while the sources are distinct. However, snakebite incidence could be underestimated due to the use of traditional medicine by the patients who escaped the reporting of cases. However, gathered data corresponded to the actual use of the health facilities, and therefore to the actual demand for antivenoms, which should make it possible to improve their management.

Hervé Le Corre

Francisco José de Caldas, l’éminent géographe néo-granadin, nous livre dans ses récits de voyage un ensemble d’observations témoignant d’un souci constant d’élaboration cartographique, que ce soit en corrigeant les cartes et relevés de ses prédécesseurs, en relevant des mesures ou en consignant des phénomènes qui semblent être les prolégomènes d’une cartographie qui dirait au plus juste une expérience du terrain, avec son éthos régional.Auteur de travaux de descriptions géographiques pour lesquels il planifie et réalise des voyages studieux, Viaje al Sur de Quito (1804), Perfiles de los Andes de Loja a Quito (1804-1909), il confirme et corrige la connaissance des reliefs andins et des conditions naturelles de la partie volcanique des sommets et celle des plantes caractéristiques de l’agriculture de la Nouvelle Grenade. L’article indique l’originalité de son travail d’altimétrie des plantes, ainsi que la pertinente utilité des cartes, plus particulièrement dans la plaine de Tapi. La ressource de l’arbre à quina, retient notamment l’attention (Memoria sobre el estado de las quinas en general y en particular sobre la de Loja, 1805).Les cartes de Caldas, planimétriques et volumétriques, matérialisent cette textualité, et témoignent des enjeux écologiques, économiques et politiques d’une cartographie du relevé et de la projection.

Janus C Jakobsen, Andreas Torp Kristensen, Niels Thue Olsen

Introduction Severely calcified coronary stenoses are difficult to treat with percutaneous coronary interventions. The presence of severe calcifications complicates lesion preparation, advancement of stents and achievement of full stent expansion. Intervention in these lesions is associated with an increased risk of complications and procedural failure compared with treatment of less calcified lesions. Due to the high burden of comorbidity, patients with severely calcified lesions are often excluded from interventional trials, and there is little evidence on how to treat these patients.Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic review of randomised trials enrolling patients with calcified coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. We will investigate any percutaneous treatment option including any lesion preparation, stenting or postdilatation technique. We will search The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Excerpta Medica database for studies from inception to 31 October 2022. The coprimary outcome is all-cause mortality and serious adverse events. If appropriate, we will conduct meta-analysis, trial sequential analysis and network meta-analysis.Ethics and dissemination No ethics approval is required for this study. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal in this field.PROSPERO registration number CRD42021226034.

Carlotta Livrieri

Southern US literature and African American literature often speak about racialized and dismembered bodies swallowed by the earth and never retrieved; Nature, in these instances, is hostile and “white”, as even trees become problematic symbols of lynching practices. This essay, however, attempts to retrieve and re-signify the concepts of soil and plants by analyzing the relationship between Black bodies and Nature from an Ecoliterary and Ecotheological point of view. This examination especially focuses on West African beliefs and their role in the African American re-appropriation of natural, earthly spaces and instances of the afterlife. Ethnic resistance and spiritual-medical knowledge have been crucial to African American cultural liberation, and the essay highlights this by analyzing the traces of African spiritualism and syncretism in the works of a number of African American authors, namely Toni Morrison and Jesmyn Ward. The result of this re-appropriation is, as I argue, a vivifying, hopeful and ultimately political series of images and literary tropes that overturn mournful and chthonic narratives, resuming positive and life-bearing relationships between Black bodies and Nature.

Carl Justin Kamp, Sujay Dilip Bagi

While biodiesel is one of many necessary steps forward in a cleaner transportation future, alkali metal residuals, including Na and K (in the form of oxides, sulfates, hydroxides, and carbonates) originating from fuel production catalysts were found to be detrimental to emissions control components. Na + K and Ca + Mg (also biodiesel production byproducts) are regulated by ASTM-D6751 standards (American Society for Testing and Materials) to be less than 5 ppm for B100; however, the literature gives examples of physical and chemical degradation of automotive emissions catalysts and their substrates with these Na and K residuals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of ash from Na-doped biodiesel fuel (B20) on a diesel particulate filter (DPF). Investigations found that the Na-ash accumulated in the DPF has several unique properties which help to fundamentally explain some of the interactions and impacts of biodiesel on the particle filter. The biodiesel-related Na-ash was found to (1) have a significantly lower melting temperature than typical ash from inorganic lubricant additives and Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel resulting in ash particles sintered to the DPF catalyst/substrate, (2) have a primary particle size which is about an order of magnitude larger than typical ash, (3) produce a larger amount of ash resulting in significantly thick wall ash layers and (4) penetrate the DPF substrate about 3× deeper than typical ULSD and lubricant-related ash. This study utilizes numerous characterization techniques to investigate the interactions between biodiesel-related ash and a DPF, ranging from visualization to composition to thermal analysis methods. The findings suggest the need for tighter control of the thermal environment in the DPF when using biodiesel, additional/improved DPF cleaning efforts, and avoidance of unregulated biodiesel with high Na/K levels.

William Binder, Casey O. Abrahams, Jordan M. Fox et al.

Abstract Objectives Emergency medicine has a demanding work environment. Characteristics influencing longevity among older physicians in emergency medicine have been the subject of ongoing discussion. The American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) released a policy statement in 2009 suggesting accommodating emergency physicians in preretirement years. We engaged emergency physicians to determine awareness of the ACEP policy and issues faced in preretirement years. Methods We conducted a series of online focus group discussions with a purposive sample of emergency physicians, age ≥ 50 years. The discussion guide was developed from the ACEP policy statement and relevant literature. Groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with a thematic coding system developed iteratively by the 4‐person team. Emerging themes were identified, organized, and presented with illustrative quotations. Results A total of 28 emergency physicians participated in 4 focus groups, with between 6 and 9 participants in each group. These physicians had between 17 and 35 years of clinical experience (median = 27), 6 were female (21%), and the majority (n = 26, 93%) worked in academic emergency medicine. Only 1 emergency physician was fully aware of the ACEP policy. Three principal content areas were identified: workload demands that change as physicians age, wellness and physician social equity, and senior emergency physician value. Interwoven across all of these was the focus on leadership and solutions to issues. Issues facing emergency physicians in their preretirement years were identified; commitment from emergency medicine site and national leadership and buy‐in from junior colleagues was emphasized. Generational conflicts in recognizing the contribution and needs of preretirement emergency physicians was a major barrier to solutions. Conclusions Workload demands, wellness and physician social equity, and concerns about value as a senior physician are major themes confronting preretirement emergency physicians. Generational divides, deficits in local and national leadership, and the health detriments of rotating schedules and night shifts are barriers to longevity in emergency medicine. Further research on the value of senior physicians and the impact of hospital and departmental financial models on adopting accommodations for senior emergency physicians is needed.

Osman Ali, Mark G. Bueno, Trinh Duong-Pham et al.

Abstract Introduction In the United States, cocaine is a commonly used drug of abuse. It is also a recognized contributing factor for both hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes. However, cocaine-induced basilar artery thrombosis has rarely been reported in the literature. Case presentation Our patient was a 51-year-old African American woman with a history of polysubstance abuse who presented to the emergency department for acute behavior changes. Later, during admission, she had a dramatic decrease in motor strength in all extremities and a positive Babinski reflex bilaterally. The results of her toxicology reports were positive for cocaine; in addition, results of magnetic resonance angiography and magnetic resonance imaging were consistent with acute thrombosis and subsequent infarction of the basilar artery. Her mental status improved, but she was only able to communicate via movements of her eyes. Conclusion Our patient developed locked-in syndrome after use of cocaine. Given the prevalence of its use in the United States, cocaine use should be included among the potential causes of locked-in syndrome.