This article mainly introduces the role of MZM in practical communication systems, the materials used to make MZM modulators such as lithium niobate, and its working principle. It also explains why it changes due to environmental factors. This leads to the introduction of a method that controls the stable points of MZM by algorithmically controlling the voltage, and the algorithm is verified through experiments. Finally, a summary and outlook on the future development of MZM are provided.
Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. Leprae) which no biological examination can yet be appointed as an early marker. This research is aimed to analyze the correlation between serum IL-6 levels and the severity of the ENLIST ENL Severity Scale (EESS) in ENL. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on all leprosy patients with ENL who sought treatment at the Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic, North Sumatra University Hospital, dr. Pirngadi General Hospital, and H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. ENL patients who were uncooperative, with infectious, autoimmune, malignant diseases, or who were pregnant or breastfeeding were excluded. Data processing was carried out with the help of statistical software with a significance value <0.05. Results: A total of 40 ENL patients were studied. The mean age of the patients was 33.10±12.23 years, male (70%), high school (75%), and not working (95%). The degree of severity based on mild EESS was more dominant than severe, namely 57.5% vs 42.5%, respectively. The median IL6 level was 64.65±34.06 in ENL patients and was higher in severe compared with mild EESS, namely 105.18±24.14 versus 50.08±16.84, respectively (p=0.103, p=0.167, respectively). There was a very strong and significant positive correlation between serum IL6 levels and EESS (r: 0.813 and p<0.05). Conclusion: There was a correlation between serum IL6 levels and EESS. Further study is needed in measuring serum IL6 levels to detect early severity of ENL.
In this paper, we present a general reconfigurable multiple-valued logic circuit. The proposed architecture is based on threshold logic gate and is compatible with binary logic, which allows a designer to easily integrate multiple valued logic with binary logic. We also present a methodology to design sequential circuits.
In the short note, we describe a sampling construction that yields a sequence of graphons converging to a prescribed limit graphon in 1-norm. This convergence is stronger than the convergence in the cut norm, usually used to study graphon sequences. The note also contains errata of the previous version of the note.
We propose a timing recovery for point-to-multi-point coherent passive optical networks. The results show that the proposed algorithm has low complexity and better robustness against the residual chromatic dispersion.
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is an important candidate technology for 6G. We provide an analysis of RIS-assisted MIMO communication in sparse channel typically found in the mmW or THz range. By exploring the sparse property, we maximize the capacity in the singular space of the channel and developed efficient algorithms for SU-MIMO or DL MU-MIMO. We also proved it is more difficult to support high rank transmission in the RIS reflection channel than in the traditional MIMO channel.
In this expository article, we provide a self-contained overview of the notion of convolution embedded in different theories: from the classical Fourier theory to the theory of algebraic signal processing. We discuss their relations and differences. Toward the end, we provide an opinion on whether there is a consistent approach to convolution that unifies seemingly different approaches by different theories.
Monitoring beyond the splitter in a PON is costly due to the need for additional hardware. A non-standard monitoring wavelength can reduce cost and increase the visibility of customers to 97% on a C+ GPON
This paper presents a novel IP design for real-time fault/error detection and recovery on a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) which interfaces a host system (here a PC) to a slave design including processing system and memory transaction implemented on a Zynq Ultrascale Xilinx Kintex FPGA board (KCU105). The proposed IP design is capable of detection and correction of different types of PCIe errors on-the-fly
We propose a photonic adaptive Least-Mean-Squares equalizer with an opto-electronic feedback loop to determine the updating of an optical Finite-Impulse-Response filter's weights, enabling dispersion compensation introduced by 30-km fiber based on our photonic integrated chip.
This paper elaborates the signal processing techniques for weather radars and their relative merits with respect to a similar phased array configuration. As will be shown in paper that this sub-aperture based configuration gives spatial resolution improvement compared to its phased array counterpart. This is the major benefit and a number of smaller benefits which are elaborated here for weather radar system.
We propose an approach to the estimation of infinite sets of random vectors. The problem addressed is as follows. Given two infinite sets of random vectors, find a single estimator that estimates vectors from with a controlled associated error. A new theory for the existence and implementation of such an estimator is studied. In particular, we show that the proposed estimator is asymptotically optimal. Moreover, the estimator is determined in terms of pseudo-inverse matrices and, therefore, it always exists.
In this paper, we introduce quaternion offset linear canonical transform of integrable and square integrable functions. Moreover, we show that the proposed transform satisfies all the respective properties like inversion formula, linearity, Moyals formula , product theorem and the convolution theorem