Hasil untuk "Urban renewal. Urban redevelopment"

Vincent van Vliet, Menno van den Hout, Eduward Tangdiongga et al.

Free-space optical communication links can enable high-capacity wireless connectivity in urban areas. We discuss the feasibility, challenges, and recent developments for high-capacity urban free-space optical links at kilometer scale.

Olaf Yunus Laitinen Imanov

Urban traffic flow is governed by the complex, nonlinear interaction between land use configuration and spatiotemporally heterogeneous mobility demand. Conventional global regression and time-series models cannot simultaneously capture these multi-scale dynamics across multiple travel modes. This study proposes a GeoAI Hybrid analytical framework that sequentially integrates Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR), Random Forest (RF), and Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (ST-GCN) to model the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of traffic flow patterns and their interaction with land use across three mobility modes: motor vehicle, public transit, and active transport. Applying the framework to an empirically calibrated dataset of 350 traffic analysis zones across six cities spanning two contrasting urban morphologies, four key findings emerge: (i) the GeoAI Hybrid achieves a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.119 and an R^2 of 0.891, outperforming all benchmarks by 23-62%; (ii) SHAP analysis identifies land use mix as the strongest predictor for motor vehicle flows and transit stop density as the strongest predictor for public transit; (iii) DBSCAN clustering identifies five functionally distinct urban traffic typologies with a silhouette score of 0.71, and GeoAI Hybrid residuals exhibit Moran's I=0.218 (p<0.001), a 72% reduction relative to OLS baselines; and (iv) cross-city transfer experiments reveal moderate within-cluster transferability (R^2>=0.78) and limited cross-cluster generalisability, underscoring the primacy of urban morphological context. The framework offers planners and transportation engineers an interpretable, scalable toolkit for evidence-based multimodal mobility management and land use policy design.

Mengdi Wu, Yongcheng Xu, Ronghao Jiang

Existing studies on anti‐urban redevelopment struggles focus primarily on the role of local communities and their interactions with state–capital coalitions. Although considerable attention has been paid to the resistance of local residents, far less emphasis has been placed on the practices of indirect stakeholders, who do not reside locally but may have conflicting interests with local residents. Through a detailed analysis with various types of qualitative data, this study examines the redevelopment of Hubei Old Village as an intriguing case to illustrate the diverse forms of participation by indirect stakeholders in contested redevelopment processes. By drawing on and contributing to the relational place‐framing thesis, this study finds that indirect stakeholders in the Hubei case cannot be treated uniformly as mediators or representatives of local residents. Instead, their engagement in the preservation of the old village shows internal contradictions and is motivated primarily by their affective connections to the place rather than material benefits. Moreover, the place‐frames they strategically constructed in different phases significantly (re)shape the pathways and outcomes of the redevelopment project. This study enriches the literature on China's urban governance and extends existing frameworks for capturing the complexity, diversity and uncertainty of state–society relations in urban redevelopment.

Ibrahim Garba, Salisu Magaji, Sani Gambo Sani et al.

This study investigates the impact of urban renewal projects on land prices in GRA Bauchi, with emphasis on trends in property values, major infrastructural developments, and stakeholder perceptions. Urban renewal—encompassing redevelopment, rehabilitation, and modernization—has become a critical urban planning strategy for revitalizing deteriorated areas and stimulating investment. The study adopts a quantitative research design, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to 140 respondents, comprising Estate Surveyors, Property Developers, Estate Agents, and Estate Agents. Findings show that 94.29% of the distributed questionnaires were validly returned, ensuring robust data reliability. Results reveal that land prices in GRA Bauchi have significantly increased over the past 10 years recording the highest mean score of 4.14 while efficiency and management of project implementation received a lower mean score of 3.15, indicating room for improvement. The study concludes that urban renewal has significantly influenced land market dynamics in GRA Bauchi, enhancing investment attractiveness and property values. It recommends strengthening institutional capacity, improving governance transparency, and ensuring inclusive stakeholder participation to sustain long-term benefits of renewal programs.

Saannidhya Rawat

We exploit quasi-random variation around the multi-threshold criteria used to classify Census Towns (CTs) and focus on settlements near the thresholds that are likely to obtain statutory recognition. Using a local fuzzy regression discontinuity design and a multi-threshold criteria, we show that meeting the CT eligibility in 2001 raises the probability of statutory recognition by 2011. Instrumenting statutory recognition with CT eligibility, we estimate the effects of ULB status on local public goods provision: government schools increase by 13.86 (primary), 7.72 (middle), and 4.89 (secondary) units, healthcare infrastructure expands by 2.53 hospitals and 3.00 family welfare centers, and financial access deepens with 4.09 cooperative banks and 2.84 agricultural credit societies. Community amenities also improve, while sports infrastructure declines by 5.71 facilities, consistent with reallocation of urban land. The corresponding reduced-form estimates are directionally consistent and indicate that crossing the CT eligibility frontier improves public goods provision. Our findings indicate that timely municipalization of emerging urban areas can expand provision of public goods.

Yingche Liu, Mengyang Li

The massive digital footprints generated by bike-sharing systems in megacities like Shanghai offer a novel perspective on the urban socio-economic fabric. This study investigates whether these daily mobility patterns can quantitatively map the city's underlying social stratification. To overcome the persistent challenge of acquiring fine-grained socio-economic data, we constructed a multi-layered analytical dataset. We annotated 2,000 raw bike trips with local economic attributes, derived from a novel data enrichment methodology that employs a Large Language Model (LLM), and integrated contextual features of the built environment. A Random Forest model was then utilized as an interpretable framework to determine the key factors governing the relationship between mobility behavior and local economic status. The analysis reveals a compelling and unambiguous finding: a neighborhood's economic level, proxied by housing prices, is the single most dominant predictor of its bike-sharing patterns, substantially outweighing other geographic or temporal factors. This economic determinism manifests in three distinct ways: (1) a spatial clustering of resources, a phenomenon we term the \textit{club effect}, which concentrates mobility infrastructure and usage in affluent areas; (2) a functional dichotomy between necessity-driven, utilitarian usage in lower-income zones and flexible, recreational usage in wealthier ones; and (3) a nuanced inverted U-shaped adoption curve that identifies the urban middle class as the system's primary user base.

حسین ایمانی جاجرمی, مهدی ابراهیمی

مسکن مهر، دست‌کم در ایدۀ ابتدایی، تنها طرحی است که در دهه‌های اخیر (مشخصاً پس از جنگ) به شکل عملی و در سطح گسترده به تأمین مسکن گروه‌های فرودست جامعه اختصاص یافت. این مقاله روایتی انتقادی از طرح مسکن مهر است. پرسش اصلی مقاله این است که آیا پروژۀ مسکن مهر به اهداف پیش‌بینی‌شدۀ خود رسید. مقاله توصیفی-تحلیلی و روش آن اسنادی است و بر تحلیل اسناد و گزارش‌های رسمی، مطالعۀ برنامه‌ها و قوانین، آرشیو روزنامه‌ها، خبرگزاری‌ها و وب‌سایت‌ها، مطالب کتاب‌ها و مقالات و تحقیقات پیشین، منابع بصری مثل فیلم‌ها، دیدگاه مسئولان و کارشناسان و مهم‌تر از همه نظرات مردمی اتکا دارد که رکن اصلی این طرح بوده‌اند. مقاله درنهایت می‌گوید مسکن مهر در دست دولت‌هایی که ایمانشان به سرمایه‌داری و بازار آزاد، از اساس نسبتی با زندگی گروه‌های فرودست نداشته است، به هیچ‌کدام از اهداف مورد نظر خود (کاهش نابرابری در برخورداری از مسکن مناسب، جلوگیری از افزایش بی‌رویۀ قیمت زمین و مسکن، کاهش اجاره‌نشینی، جلوگیری از افزایش حاشیه‌نشینی و ارتقای عدالت اجتماعی) نرسید و متقاضیان و ساکنانش را در سراسر کشور با نارضایتی گسترده به حال خود رها کرد. مردم، همان‌طور که در طراحی و اجرای پروژۀ مسکن مهر هیچ نقشی نداشتند، در تحلیل و ارزیابی آن نیز نادیده گرفته شدند و نظرشان برای مسئولان و حامیان این طرح اهمیت نداشت.

Zicheng Fan, Chen-Chieh Feng, Filip Biljecki

Street View Imagery (SVI) has emerged as a valuable data form in urban studies, enabling new ways to map and sense urban environments. However, fundamental concerns regarding the representativeness, quality, and reliability of SVI remain underexplored, e.g. to what extent can cities be captured by such data and do data gaps result in bias. This research, positioned at the intersection of spatial data quality and urban analytics, addresses these concerns by proposing a novel and effective method to estimate SVI's element-level coverage in the urban environment. The method integrates the positional relationships between SVI and target elements, as well as the impact of physical obstructions. Expanding the domain of data quality to SVI, we introduce an indicator system that evaluates the extent of coverage, focusing on the completeness and frequency dimensions. Taking London as a case study, three experiments are conducted to identify potential biases in SVI's ability to cover and represent urban environmental elements, using building facades as an example. It is found that despite their high availability along urban road networks, Google Street View covers only 62.4 % of buildings in the case study area. The average facade coverage per building is 12.4 %. SVI tends to over-represent non-residential buildings, thus possibly resulting in biased analyses, and its coverage of environmental elements is position-dependent. The research also highlights the variability of SVI coverage under different data acquisition practices and proposes an optimal sampling interval range of 50-60 m for SVI collection. The findings suggest that while SVI offers valuable insights, it is no panacea - its application in urban research requires careful consideration of data coverage and element-level representativeness to ensure reliable results.

Johannes Janning, Sophie F. Armanini, Urban Fasel

The rapid development of advanced urban air mobility, particularly electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, requires interdisciplinary approaches involving the future urban air mobility ecosystem. Operational cost efficiency, regulatory aspects, sustainability, and environmental compatibility should be incorporated directly into the conceptual design of aircraft and across operational and regulatory strategies. In this work, we apply a novel multidisciplinary design optimization framework for the conceptual design of eVTOL aircraft. The framework optimizes conventional design elements of eVTOL aircraft over a generic mission and integrates a comprehensive operational cost model to directly capture economic incentives of the designed system through profit modeling for operators. We introduce a novel metric, the cross-transportation Figure of Merit (FoM), to compare the optimized eVTOL system with various competing road, rail, and air transportation modes in terms of sustainability, cost, and travel time. We investigate four objective-specific eVTOL optimization designs in a broad scenario space, mapping regulatory, technical, and operational constraints to generate a representation of potential urban air mobility stakeholder-centric design objectives. The analysis of an optimized profit-maximizing eVTOL, cost-minimizing eVTOL, sustainability-maximizing eVTOL, and a combined FoM-maximizing eVTOL design highlights significant trade-offs in the area of profitability, operational flexibility, and sustainability strategies. This underlines the importance of incorporating multiple operationally tangential disciplines into the design process, while also reflecting the diverse priorities of stakeholders such as operators, regulators, and society.

Sanaz Sadat Hosseini, Babak Rahimi Ardabili, Mona Azarbayjani et al.

Urban design significantly impacts sustainability, particularly in the context of public transit efficiency and carbon emissions reduction. This study explores two neighborhoods with distinct urban designs: South End, Charlotte, NC, featuring a dynamic mixed-use urban design pattern, and Avondale, Chattanooga, TN, with a residential suburban grid layout. Using the TRANSIT-GYM tool, we assess the impact of increased bus utilization in these different urban settings on traffic and CO2 emissions. Our results highlight the critical role of urban design and planning in transit system efficiency. In South End, the mixed-use design led to more substantial emission reductions, indicating that urban layout can significantly influence public transit outcomes. Tailored strategies that consider the unique urban design elements are essential for climate resilience. Notably, doubling bus utilization decreased daily emissions by 10.18% in South End and 8.13% in Avondale, with a corresponding reduction in overall traffic. A target of 50% bus utilization saw emissions drop by 21.45% in South End and 14.50% in Avondale. At an idealistic goal of 70% bus utilization, South End and Avondale witnessed emission reductions of 37.22% and 27.80%, respectively. These insights are crucial for urban designers and policymakers in developing sustainable urban landscapes.

Vinicius M. Netto, Otavio Peres, Caio Cacholas

Entropy is arguably one of the most powerful concepts to understand the world, from the behavior of molecules to the expansion of the universe, from how life emerges to how hybrid complex systems like cities come into being and continue existing. Yet, despite its widespread application, it is also one of the most misunderstood concepts across the sciences. This chapter seeks to demystify entropy and its main interpretations, along with some of its explorations in the context of cities. It first establishes the foundations of the concept by describing its trajectory since its inception in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics in the 19th century, its different incarnations from Boltzmanns pioneering formulation and Shannons information theory to its absorption in biology and the social sciences, until it reaches a nascent urban science in the 1960s. The chapter then identifies some of the main domains in which entropy has been explored to understand cities as complex systems, from entropy-maximizing models of spatial interaction and applications as a measure of urban form, diversity, and complexity to a tool for understanding conditions of self-organization and urban sustainability.

Milena Almagro, Eric Chyn, B. Stuart

This paper studies one of the largest spatially targeted redevelopment efforts implemented in the United States: public housing demolitions sponsored by the HOPE VI program. Focusing on Chicago, we study welfare and racial disparities in the impacts of demolitions using a structural model that features a rich set of equilibrium responses. Our results indicate that demolitions had notably heterogeneous effects where welfare decreased for low-income minority households and increased for White households. Counterfactual simulations explore how housing policy mitigates negative effects of demolitions and suggest that increased public housing site redevelopment is the most effective policy for reducing racial inequality. Milena Almagro University of Chicago Milena.almagro@chicagobooth.edu Eric Chyn The University of Texas at Austin Department of Economics 2225 Speedway, Stop C3100 Austin, TX 78712-1690 and NBER eric.chyn@austin.utexas.edu Bryan A. Stuart Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Research Department 10 Independence Mall Philadelphia, PA 19106 bryanastuart@gmail.com

Yushu Zhu, Changdong Ye

ABSTRACT This study contributes to the debate on the psychological dimensions of displacement in urban renewal (UR) literature by examining how different modes of UR may disrupt or reconstruct the sense of home for affected residents in urban China. The forms of UR in China have evolved from the intensive pro-growth urban redevelopment that was prevalent in the 1990s and early 2000s to the emerging trend of micro-renewal, which features neighborhood renovation without physical displacement or the remaking of social classes. We distinguish between wholesale redevelopment and micro-renewal, then examine the impacts of these different modes of UR on post-renewal neighborhood attachment (NA). We found that micro-renewal is less likely than redevelopment to disrupt residents’ NA. However, it was the socio-spatial restructuring of their neighborhood, rather than physical relocation, that contributed to the change in residents’ NA. The perceived neighborhood change was also conditional on individuals’ pre-renewal residential satisfaction and post-renewal economic prospects.

He Zhu, Wenting Yu, Junyuan Li

ABSTRACT At present, China’s urbanization development has evolved from incremental expansion to stock redevelopment. Against this background, tourism-led urban redevelopment is widely regarded as an effective way to realize sustainable renewal in historical urban areas. Nevertheless, spatial restructuring during the renewal project entails the reconfiguration of stakeholders’ interests, which may bring spatial injustice. How balance the spatial interests of all stakeholders and improving spatial governance is crucial to the renewal progress and tourism development. Considering the spatial values, this study proposes an analytical framework to analyse the spatial interests, behaviours and targets of various stakeholders, then detect the potential spatial injustice. Through in-depth interviews, we take the Qianmen tourism-led renewal historical urban area in Beijing as an example, focusing on the main stakeholders’ relationship including the government, developers, residents, business operators and visitors. From the results, the local government is in a dominant position with various spatial interests and can affect all other entities’ interests, while the residents and business operators are relatively passive. Tourism development can be seen as a common object for the majority of stakeholders. Finally, policy implications are drawn to offer solutions and strategies and help future tourism-led regeneration in urban.

Bingnan Liu

Open policy reform has been implemented more than 40 years, the city construction and development of China turns out new face very fast. China evolved the grid and applied it to the planning, construction and ordering of its great imperial capital cities. Urban villages are a product of China's urban-rural dual system and rapid urbanization. In early China, the renovation of urban villages mainly focused on demolition and reconstruction, neglecting the residents' demand for high-quality housing. With institutional changes and the development of urban governance concepts, urban village renovation has begun to adopt organic renewal and micro renovation methods, and more emphasis has been placed on the quality of urban living. This research mainly explores the impact of policy changes on the transformation of urban villages from the perspectives of institutional change theory and transaction cost theory. This study also compared the policy differences and impacts of urban village renovation between Zhengzhou and Shenzhen. In the process of urban village transformation, it is necessary to consider the impact of institutional environment on urban village transformation policy.

Steven Stalder, Michele Volpi, Nicolas Büttner et al.

Cities around the world face a critical shortage of affordable and decent housing. Despite its critical importance for policy, our ability to effectively monitor and track progress in urban housing is limited. Deep learning-based computer vision methods applied to street-level images have been successful in the measurement of socioeconomic and environmental inequalities but did not fully utilize temporal images to track urban change as time-varying labels are often unavailable. We used self-supervised methods to measure change in London using 15 million street images taken between 2008 and 2021. Our novel adaptation of Barlow Twins, Street2Vec, embeds urban structure while being invariant to seasonal and daily changes without manual annotations. It outperformed generic embeddings, successfully identified point-level change in London's housing supply from street-level images, and distinguished between major and minor change. This capability can provide timely information for urban planning and policy decisions toward more liveable, equitable, and sustainable cities.

Martin Fleischmann, Anastassia Vybornova

Street networks are ubiquitous components of cities, guiding their development and enabling movement from place to place; street networks are also the critical components of many urban analytical methods. However, their graph representation is often designed primarily for transportation purposes. This representation is less suitable for other use cases where transportation networks need to be simplified as a mandatory pre-processing step, e.g., in the case of morphological analysis, visual navigation, or drone flight routing. While the urgent demand for automated pre-processing methods comes from various fields, it is still an unsolved challenge. In this article, we tackle this challenge by proposing a cheap computational heuristic for the identification of "face artifacts", i.e., geometries that are enclosed by transportation edges but do not represent urban blocks. The heuristic is based on combining the frequency distributions of shape compactness metrics and area measurements of street network face polygons. We test our method on 131 globally sampled large cities and show that it successfully identifies face artifacts in 89\% of analyzed cities. Our heuristic of detecting artifacts caused by data being collected for another purpose is the first step towards an automated street network simplification workflow. Moreover, the proposed face artifact index uncovers differences in structural rules guiding the development of cities in different world regions.

Paul Baba Haruna, Stella Zubairu, Remi Ebenezer Olagunju et al.

This study investigates liveability in the context of sustainable public housing in Niger State, Nigeria, where existing housing efforts have fallen short of residents' satisfaction. Recognizing the critical link between liveability indicators and environmental sustainability, this research aims to identify key liveability variables that could be integrated into the design and construction of sustainable public housing. Employing a mixed-method approach, the study involved cluster sampling for selecting housing estates and units, followed by the administration of 910 questionnaires containing 102 questions on liveability variables. Analytical techniques, including Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, Factor Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis, were used to group, refine, and validate the liveability variables. The results revealed 21 significant variables that collectively could achieve a 92.9% satisfaction rate among residents if incorporated into public housing design. These findings underline the potential of addressing liveability in the pursuit of sustainable housing solutions, offering insights for urban planners, architects, and policymakers. By focusing on the residents' perspectives, the study contributes to a more user-centred approach in public housing development, promoting long-term satisfaction and reducing the need for post-occupancy alterations.

Beniamin Knutsson, Sofie Hellberg

Gothenburg city has bold ambitions of becoming carbon neutral. School commuting is one piece of the puzzle in reducing emissions. While the literature on school transportation is extensive, the issue of climate change has been overlooked. This article explores how parents in the district of Majorna understand mundane choices of school transportation in a context of increasing recognition of climate change. The article shows that school transport is a contentious issue, entangled with subjectivity, emotions, and notions of responsibility. The findings also highlight some complexities: (1) Although most parents are concerned with climate change it is not a significant factor in daily transportation. (2) There is a discourse in favour of active transportation where climate change is explicitly downplayed, on the other hand regular car use merges with deep climate concerns. (3) Informants’ anticipations of future urban traffic conflict with their hopes, yet it seems difficult to imagine something otherwise.

A. Kumari M

The research paper delves into Mumbai's urban evolution, narrating its journey from a fishing village to becoming India's second-largest commercial center. The city's growth is dissected, considering historical, geographical, and economic influences, particularly focusing on the dynamic changes in housing typology. A critical aspect explored is the unintended impact of the Rent Control Act, which, by freezing rents since 1940, has resulted in neglected properties, necessitating comprehensive redevelopment strategies. Government interventions, such as the Cluster Approach, Joint Ventures, and targeted policies for Chawls and Gaothans, are analyzed in the context of urban renewal. Public-Private Partnerships, notably with MHADA, emerge as pivotal elements in fostering collaborative models for redevelopment. The study emphasizes Mumbai's adaptive strategies to address housing challenges and stresses the importance of sustainable and resilient policies for the city's housing future. In this context, the research underscores the transformative role of redevelopment in Mumbai's real estate dynamics, driven by a new generation of discerning homebuyers prioritizing quality of life. Key Words: Housing Typology, Chawls, Rent Control Act, Redevelopment Strategies,