Hasil untuk "Pharmaceutical industry"

J. Lexchin, L. Bero, B. Djulbegovic et al.

N. Sarah Arden, Adam C. Fisher, Katherine M. Tyner et al.

Over the last two centuries, medicines have evolved from crude herbal and botanical preparations into more complex manufacturing of sophisticated drug products and dosage forms. Along with the evolution of medicines, the manufacturing practices for their production have advanced from small-scale manual processing with simple tools to large-scale production as part of a trillion-dollar pharmaceutical industry. Today's pharmaceutical manufacturing technologies continue to evolve as the internet of things, artificial intelligence, robotics, and advanced computing begin to challenge the traditional approaches, practices, and business models for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. The application of these technologies has the potential to dramatically increase the agility, efficiency, flexibility, and quality of the industrial production of medicines. How these technologies are deployed on the journey from data collection to the hallmark digital maturity of Industry 4.0 will define the next generation of pharmaceutical manufacturing. Acheiving the benefits of this future requires a vision for it and an understanding of the extant regulatory, technical, and logistical barriers to realizing it.

Fang Deng, Lina Zhao, Xubiao Luo et al.

Hanzhe Liang, Luocheng Zhang, Junyang Xia et al.

Although self-supervised 3D anomaly detection assumes that acquiring high-precision point clouds is computationally expensive, in real manufacturing scenarios it is often feasible to collect a limited number of anomalous samples. Therefore, we study open-set supervised 3D anomaly detection, where the model is trained with only normal samples and a small number of known anomalous samples, aiming to identify unknown anomalies at test time. We present Open-Industry, a high-quality industrial dataset containing 15 categories, each with five real anomaly types collected from production lines. We first adapt general open-set anomaly detection methods to accommodate 3D point cloud inputs better. Building upon this, we propose Open3D-AD, a point-cloud-oriented approach that leverages normal samples, simulated anomalies, and partially observed real anomalies to model the probability density distributions of normal and anomalous data. Then, we introduce a simple Correspondence Distributions Subsampling to reduce the overlap between normal and non-normal distributions, enabling stronger dual distributions modeling. Based on these contributions, we establish a comprehensive benchmark and evaluate the proposed method extensively on Open-Industry as well as established datasets including Real3D-AD and Anomaly-ShapeNet. Benchmark results and ablation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of Open3D-AD and further reveal the potential of open-set supervised 3D anomaly detection.

M. Truppo

The use of biocatalysis in the pharmaceutical industry continues to expand as a result of increased access to enzymes and the ability to engineer those enzymes to meet the demands of industrial processes. However, we are still just scratching the surface of potential biocatalytic applications. The time pressures present in pharmaceutical process development are incompatible with the long lead times required for engineering a suitable biocatalyst. Dramatic increases in the speed of protein engineering are needed to deliver on the ever increasing opportunities for industrial biocatalytic processes.

Cristiano Manetti da Cruz, Mercia Pandolfo Provin, Ana Laura de Sene Amâncio Zara

Objectives: To identify expenses with the purchase of medicines and supplies by the Municipal Health Department of Canguçu/RS, through legal proceedings, from 2017 to 2021. Methods: It is a quantitative, descriptive, and retrospective study, using the docu-ment analysis technique. Secondary data on public costs, available on the Transparency Portal, were used. The amounts spent and the origins of the resources used for the acqui-sition of these drugs were analyzed. Results: There was an increase of 297.93% in spen-ding on legal proceedings for the acquisition of medicines and pharmaceutical supplies through judicial blockades. Of these, more than 76% refer to antineoplastic medications. The basic care budget increased by 132.41% in this period and the costs of pharmaceu-tical assistance almost doubled from R$ 854,248.86, in 2017, to R$ 1,524,871.92, in 2021, with a significant increase during the pandemic period. Comparing the expen-diture on purchasing medicines through blockages by court permits in 2021 and the amount spent on pharmaceutical assistance in the same period, it is noted that the cost is very similar, but a small portion of the population is served through judicialization. Conclusions: There was a considerable increase in spending on purchasing medicines due to court decisions. The Municipal Health Department is obliged to acquire medicines that do not belong to the Municipal Medication List, through judicial blocking of public accounts, because the government of the State of Rio Grande do Sul does not send these medicines to users with approved lawsuits.

Andreas Mershin, Nikolas Stefanou, Adan Rotteveel et al.

Machine olfaction is rapidly emerging as a transformative capability, with applications spanning non-invasive medical diagnostics, industrial monitoring, agriculture, and security and defense. Recent advances in stabilizing mammalian olfactory receptors and integrating them into biophotonic and bioelectronic systems have enabled detection at near single-molecule resolution thus placing machines on par with trained detection dogs. As this technology converges with multimodal AI and distributed sensor networks imbued with embedded AI, it introduces a new, biochemical layer to a sensing ecosystem currently dominated by machine vision and audition. This review and industry roadmap surveys the scientific foundations, technological frontiers, and strategic applications of machine olfaction making the case that we are currently witnessing the rise of a new industry that brings with it a global chemosensory infrastructure. We cover exemplary industrial, military and consumer applications and address some of the ethical and legal concerns arising. We find that machine olfaction is poised to bring forth a planet-wide molecular awareness tech layer with the potential of spawning vast emerging markets in health, security, and environmental sensing via scent.

Xiaoyu Li, Xiao Li, Li Gao et al.

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced multi-turn conversation systems, emphasizing the need for proactive guidance to enhance users' interactions. However, these systems face challenges in dynamically adapting to shifts in users' goals and maintaining low latency for real-time interactions. In the Baidu Search AI assistant, an industrial-scale multi-turn search system, we propose a novel two-phase framework to provide proactive guidance. The first phase, Goal-adaptive Supervised Fine-Tuning (G-SFT), employs a goal adaptation agent that dynamically adapts to user goal shifts and provides goal-relevant contextual information. G-SFT also incorporates scalable knowledge transfer to distill insights from LLMs into a lightweight model for real-time interaction. The second phase, Click-oriented Reinforcement Learning (C-RL), adopts a generate-rank paradigm, systematically constructs preference pairs from user click signals, and proactively improves click-through rates through more engaging guidance. This dual-phase architecture achieves complementary objectives: G-SFT ensures accurate goal tracking, while C-RL optimizes interaction quality through click signal-driven reinforcement learning. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our framework achieves 86.10% accuracy in offline evaluation (+23.95% over baseline) and 25.28% CTR in online deployment (149.06% relative improvement), while reducing inference latency by 69.55% through scalable knowledge distillation.

Sajad Khatiri, Francisco Eli Vina Barrientos, Maximilian Wulf et al.

Ensuring robust robotic navigation in dynamic environments is a key challenge, as traditional testing methods often struggle to cover the full spectrum of operational requirements. This paper presents the industrial adoption of Surrealist, a simulation-based test generation framework originally for UAVs, now applied to the ANYmal quadrupedal robot for industrial inspection. Our method uses a search-based algorithm to automatically generate challenging obstacle avoidance scenarios, uncovering failures often missed by manual testing. In a pilot phase, generated test suites revealed critical weaknesses in one experimental algorithm (40.3% success rate) and served as an effective benchmark to prove the superior robustness of another (71.2% success rate). The framework was then integrated into the ANYbotics workflow for a six-month industrial evaluation, where it was used to test five proprietary algorithms. A formal survey confirmed its value, showing it enhances the development process, uncovers critical failures, provides objective benchmarks, and strengthens the overall verification pipeline.

Koushik Mondal, Balagopal G Menon, Sunil Sahadev

The present study considers the rural pharmaceutical retail sector in India, where the arrival of organized retailers and e-retailers is testing the survival strategies of unorganized retailers. Grounded in a field investigation of the Indian pharmaceutical retail sector, this study integrates primary data collection, consumer conjoint analysis and design of experiments to develop an empirically grounded agent-based simulation of multi-channel competition among unorganized, organized and e-pharmaceutical retailers. The results of the conjoint analysis reveal that store attributes of price discount, quality of products offered, variety of assortment, and degree of personalized service, and customer attributes of distance, degree of mobility, and degree of emergency are key determinants of optimal store choice strategies. The primary insight obtained from the agent-based modeling is that the attribute levels of each individual retailer have some effect on other retailers performance. The field-calibrated simulation also evidenced counterintuitive behavior that an increase in unorganized price discounts initially leads to an increase in average footprint at unorganized retailers, but eventually leads to these retailers moving out of the market. Hence, the unorganized retailers should not increase the price discount offered beyond a tipping point or it will be detrimental to them. Another counterintuitive behavior found was that high emergency customers give less importance to variety of assortment than low emergency customers. This study aids in understanding the levers for policy design towards improving the competition dynamics among retail channels in the pharmaceutical retail sector in India.

Laura Baraldi, Davide De Angelis, Roberto Bosi et al.

Controlling the size of powder particles is pivotal in the design of many pharmaceutical forms and the related manufacturing processes and plants. One of the most common techniques for particle size reduction in process industry is powder milling, whose efficiency relates to the mechanical properties of powder particles themselves. In this work, we first characterize the elastic and plastic response of different pharmaceutical powders by measuring their Young modulus, the hardness and the brittleness index via nano-indentation. Subsequently, we analyze the behavior of those powder samples during comminution via jet-mill at different process conditions. Finally, the correlation between single particle mechanical properties and milling process results is illustrated; the possibility to build a predictive model for powder grindability, based on nano-indentation data, is critically discussed

K. Młynarczyk, D. Walkowiak-Tomczak, G. Łysiak

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Hung-Chi Chang, Jin-Cherng Lien, Min-Chung Hsueh et al.

In this study, we collected seven prevalent Taiwanese <i>Desmodium</i> plants, including three species with synonymous characteristics, in order to assess their antioxidant phytoconstituents and radical scavenging capacities. Additionally, we compared their inhibitory activities on monoamine oxidase (MAO) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) auto-oxidation. Subsequently, we evaluated the neuroprotective potential of <i>D. pulchellum</i> on 6-OHDA-induced nerve damage in SH-SY5Y cells and delved into the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms. Among the seven <i>Desmodium</i> species, <i>D. pulchellum</i> exhibited the most robust ABTS radical scavenging capacity and relative reducing power; correspondingly, it had the highest total phenolic and phenylpropanoid contents. Meanwhile, <i>D. motorium</i> showcased the best hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity and, notably, <i>D. sequax</i> demonstrated remarkable prowess in DPPH radical and superoxide scavenging capacity, along with selective inhibitory activity against MAO-B. Of the aforementioned species, <i>D. pulchellum</i> emerged as the frontrunner in inhibiting 6-OHDA auto-oxidation and conferring neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-induced neuronal damage in the SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, <i>D. pulchellum</i> effectively mitigated the increase in intracellular ROS and MDA levels through restoring the activities of the intracellular antioxidant defense system. Therefore, we suggest that <i>D. pulchellum</i> possesses neuroprotective effects against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity due to the radical scavenging capacity of its antioxidant phytoconstituents and its ability to restore intracellular antioxidant activities.

Zubair Amir Nur Rashid, Nur Mardia Mazri

Consumer jurisprudence is a branch of the broad jurisprudential debate covering the utilization and use of all natural resources and their contents. Traditional Chinese Medicine as an alternative medicine uses natural resources as a source of medicine. The Mantidis Ootheca in Traditional Chinese Medicine is a substance that comes out through a special accessory gland on the abdomen of the mantis mother and then produces a foamy and hardened structure like polystyrene. It is believed to have various benefits including treating cloudy urine, kidney health, helping in treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and others. However, there is an issue involving the status of the Mantidis Ootheca from the perspective of Islamic law since the egg case is produced from the liquid that comes out through the mantis stomach. The focus of this paper was to clarify the Islamic legislation regarding the use of Mantidis Ootheca in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products from the standpoint of the consumer jurisprudence discussion. The researcher utilized a qualitative method by referring to books of fiqh and usul fiqh to find out the law of using Mantidis Ootheca in products and the liquid flowing from its stomach in medicine. This study emphasize on analyzing the application of rukhsah and istihalah in medicine in unraveling the problem of treatment using Mantidis Ootheca. Standards from halal authorities such as the Department Standards of Malaysia are also reviewed for pharmaceutical manufacturing rules including the requirement of safety assessment. Meanwhile, the researcher also consulted scientific studies to know the benefits, uses and side effects of Mantidis Ootheca in the medical field. According to the study's findings, the use Mantidis Ootheca in medicine is not halal since they are tainted with impurities (najāsah). The egg case that come from mantis are considered disgusting, according to scholars, and should not be eaten. Still, its use in pharmaceuticals needs to be evaluated from the perspective of medical jurisprudence by looking at its level of need in the field. Until now, its use is not reached to an emergency demand as there are still alternative treatments for the related diseases. Frequently it has been consumed as a health supplement rather than the primary component in medications. It also does not meet the safety standards determined by the jurists and according to the MS 2424: 2019 ruling based on current research showing that there is no comprehensive report on toxicity aspects and adverse side effects to users. The study of the pharmaceutical industry should continue to be pioneered by Muslims to ensure the use of halal ingredients in medicine.   Abstrak Fiqh kepenggunaan merupakan suatu cabang daripada perbahasan ilmu fiqh yang luas meliputi pemanfaatan dan penggunaan segala sumber alam dan seisinya. Perubatan Tradisional Cina sebagai suatu perubatan alternatif banyak mengambil sumber alam semula jadi sebagai sumber perubatan. Sarung telur mentadak atau Mantidis Ootheca dalam Perubatan Tradisional Cina ialah suatu bahan yang keluar melalui kelenjar aksesori khas pada perut ibu mantis seterusnya menghasilkan sebuah struktur berbuih dan mengeras seperti polisterin. Ianya dipercayai mempunyai pelbagai khasiat antaranya merawat air kencing yang keruh, kesihatan ginjal, membantu dalam merawat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) dan lain-lain. Namun, timbul isu melibatkan status sarung telur tersebut dari perspektif hukum Islam memandangkan sarung telur itu terhasil daripada cecair yang keluar melalui perut serangga. Kertas ini ditulis bertujuan menjelaskan hukum penggunaan sarung telur mentadak dalam perubatan menurut perspektif perbahasan fiqh kepenggunaan. Pengkaji menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan menjadikan kitab-kitab fiqh, usul fiqh dan fatwa-fatwa di Malaysia sebagai rujukan bagi mengetahui hukum penggunaan mentadak dan cecair yang keluar dari perut mentadak dalam perubatan. Kajian ini juga menumpukan analisis terhadap aplikasi konsep darurat dan istihalah dalam perubatan dalam merungkai permasalahan rawatan menggunakan sarung telur mentadak. Piawaian badan halal berautoriti seperti Jabatan Standard Malaysia turut diteliti untuk mengetahui peraturan dalam penghasilan produk farmaseutikal termasuk aspek penilaian keselamatan yang perlu dipatuhi. Selain itu, pengkaji turut merujuk kajian-kajian saintifik untuk mengetahui khasiat, kegunaan serta kesan sampingan telur mentadak dalam bidang perubatan. Hasil kajian mendapati penggunaan telur mentadak adalah tidak halal kerana mengandungi unsur najis. Telur yang keluar daripada serangga dianggap suatu yang menjijikkan menurut pandangan ulama serta tidak boleh dimakan. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaannya dalam perubatan perlu dinilai dari perspektif fiqh perubatan dengan melihat tahap keperluannya dalam bidang tersebut. Sehingga kini, penggunaannya tidak mencapai tahap darurat kerana masih terdapat rawatan alternatif bagi penyakit-penyakit yang berkaitan. Malah penggunaan Mantidis Ootheca dalam farmaseutikal hanya melibatkan unsur tambahan yang membantu aspek kesihatan dan bukannya sebagai ramuan utama dalam penghasilan sesuatu ubat-ubatan.  Ia juga tidak menepati piawaian keselamatan yang digariskan oleh fuqaha dan ketetapan MS 2424:2019 berdasarkan kajian semasa yang menunjukkan tiada laporan yang tuntas mengenai aspek toksikologi dan kesan sampingan berbahaya kepada pengguna. Kajian terhadap industri farmaseutikal ini sewajarnya terus dipelopori oleh umat Islam bagi memastikan penggunaan bahan yang halal dalam perubatan.

Vitek Mercedes, Matjaž Mirjam Gosenca

The principal function of skin is to form an effective barrier between the human body and its environment. Impaired barrier function represents a precondition for the development of skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), which is the most common inflammatory skin disease characterized by skin barrier dysfunction. AD significantly affects patients’ quality of life, thus, there is a growing interest in the development of novel delivery systems that would improve therapeutic outcomes. Herein, eight novel lyotropic liquid crystals (LCCs) were investigated for the first time in a double-blind, interventional, before-after, single-group trial with healthy adult subjects and a twice-daily application regimen. LCCs consisted of constituents with skin regenerative properties and exhibited lamellar micro-structure, especially suitable for dermal application. The short- and long-term effects of LCCs on TEWL, SC hydration, erythema index, melanin index, and tolerability were determined and compared with baseline. LCCs with the highest oil content and lecithin/Tween 80 mixture stood out by providing a remarkable 2-fold reduction in TEWL values and showing the most distinctive decrease in skin erythema levels in both the short- and long-term exposure. Therefore, they exhibit great potential for clinical use as novel delivery systems for AD treatment, capable of repairing skin barrier function.

Paula Fraga-Lamas, Tiago M Fernandez-Carames, Oscar Blanco-Novoa et al.

Shipbuilding companies are upgrading their inner workings in order to create Shipyards 4.0, where the principles of Industry 4.0 are paving the way to further digitalized and optimized processes in an integrated network. Among the different Industry 4.0 technologies, this article focuses on Augmented Reality, whose application in the industrial field has led to the concept of Industrial Augmented Reality (IAR). This article first describes the basics of IAR and then carries out a thorough analysis of the latest IAR systems for industrial and shipbuilding applications. Then, in order to build a practical IAR system for shipyard workers, the main hardware and software solutions are compared. Finally, as a conclusion after reviewing all the aspects related to IAR for shipbuilding, it is proposed an IAR system architecture that combines Cloudlets and Fog Computing, which reduce latency response and accelerate rendering tasks while offloading compute intensive tasks from the Cloud.

Idoia Berges, Víctor Julio Ramírez-Durán, Arantza Illarramendi

The growing trends in automation, Internet of Things, big data and cloud computing technologies have led to the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), where it is possible to visualize and identify patterns and insights, which results in a better understanding of the data and can improve the manufacturing process. However, many times, the task of data exploration results difficult for manufacturing experts because they might be interested in analyzing also data that does not appear in pre-designed visualizations and therefore they must be assisted by Information Technology experts. In this paper, we present a proposal materialized in a semantic-based visual query system developed for a real Industry 4.0 scenario that allows domain experts to explore and visualize data in a friendly way. The main novelty of the system is the combined use that it makes of captured data that are semantically annotated first, and a 2D customized digital representation of a machine that is also linked with semantic descriptions. Those descriptions are expressed using terms of an ontology, where, among others, the sensors that are used to capture indicators about the performance of a machine that belongs to a Industry 4.0 scenario have been modeled. Moreover, this semantic description allows to: formulate queries at a higher level of abstraction, provide customized graphical visualizations of the results based on the format and nature of the data, and download enriched data enabling further types of analysis.

Víctor Julio Ramírez-Durán, Idoia Berges, Arantza Illarramendi

Many different worldwide initiatives are promoting the transformation from machine dominant manufacturing to digital manufacturing. Thus, to achieve a successful transformation to Industry 4.0 standard, manufacturing enterprises are required to implement a clear roadmap. However, Small and Medium Manufacturing Enterprises (SMEs) encounter many barriers and difficulties (economical, technical, cultural, etc.) in the implementation of Industry 4.0. Although several works deal with the incorporation of Industry 4.0 technologies in the area of the product and supply chain life cycles, which SMEs could use as reference, this is not the case for the customer life cycle. Thus, we present two contributions that can help the software engineers of those SMEs to incorporate Industry 4.0 technologies in the context of the customer life cycle. The first contribution is a methodology that can help those software engineers in the task of creating new software services, aligned with Industry 4.0, that allow to change how customers interact with enterprises and the experiences they have while interacting with them. The methodology details a set of stages that are divided into phases which in turn are made up of activities. It places special emphasis on the incorporation of semantics descriptions and 3D visualization in the implementation of those new services. The second contribution is a system developed for a real manufacturing scenario, using the proposed methodology, which allows to observe the possibilities that this kind of systems can offer to SMEs in two phases of the customer life cycle: Discover & Shop, and Use & Service.

Rahul Kumar, Vikram Singh, Priya Gupta

The advent of 3D printing has transformed the pharmaceutical industry, enabling precision drug manufacturing with controlled release profiles, dosing, and structural complexity. Additive manufacturing (AM) addresses the growing demand for personalized medicine, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. This technology facilitates tailored dosage forms, complex geometries, and real-time quality control. Recent advancements in drop-on-demand printing, UV curable inks, material science, and regulatory frameworks are discussed. Despite opportunities for cost reduction, flexibility, and decentralized manufacturing, challenges persist in scalability, reproducibility, and regulatory adaptation. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of AM in pharmaceutical manufacturing, exploring recent developments, challenges, and future directions for mainstream integration.

Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés, Paula Fraga-Lamas

The Metaverse is a concept that proposes to immerse users into real-time rendered 3D content virtual worlds delivered through Extended Reality (XR) devices like Augmented and Mixed Reality (AR/MR) smart glasses and Virtual Reality (VR) headsets. When the Metaverse concept is applied to industrial environments, it is called Industrial Metaverse, a hybrid world where industrial operators work by using some of the latest technologies. Currently, such technologies are related to the ones fostered by Industry 4.0, which is evolving towards Industry 5.0, a paradigm that enhances Industry 4.0 by creating a sustainable and resilient world of industrial human-centric applications. The Industrial Metaverse can benefit from Industry 5.0, since it implies making use of dynamic and up-to-date content, as well as fast human-to-machine interactions. To enable such enhancements, this article proposes the concept of Meta-Operator: an Industry 5.0 worker that interacts with Industrial Metaverse applications and with his/her surroundings through advanced XR devices. This article provides a description of the technologies that support Meta-Operators: the main components of the Industrial Metaverse, the latest XR technologies and the use of Opportunistic Edge Computing communications (to interact with surrounding IoT/IioT devices). Moreover, this paper analyzes how to create the next generation of Industrial Metaverse applications based on Industry 5.0, including the integration of AR/MR devices with IoT/IIoT solutions, the development of advanced communications or the creation of shared experiences. Finally, this article provides a list of potential Industry 5.0 applications for the Industrial Metaverse and analyzes the main challenges and research lines. Thus, this article provides useful guidelines for the researchers that will create the next generation of applications for the Industrial Metaverse.