Hasil untuk "Oratory. Elocution, etc."

Alberto Casadei

In questo articolo vengono esaminate le caratteristiche stilistiche delle scritture brevi di tipo aforistico, tenendo conto delle acquisizioni della poetica cognitiva. Si riflette sui motivi per cui la comunicazione breve ha preso ormai una piena autonomia, specie nei social, rispetto a quella elaborata, letteraria o anche saggistico-giornalistica. Vengono poi forniti alcuni esempi di analisi, sia in poesia (Valentino Zeichen), sia in prosa (Carla Vasio).

Keith Moser

Building upon the rich theoretical framework that Derrida conceives in his posthumous environmental reflections and the interdiscipline of biosemiotics, this essay delves into the ethical questions posed by Stephen King related to other-than-human sentience, suffering, and subjecthood in “Rat.”  Derrida and King generate thought-provoking portrayals of what happens when we are confronted with the gaze of the “wholly other.”  When the other-than-human gaze falls upon us, Derrida and King insist that we cannot disregard the ethical summons that accompanies it.  This transformative gaze compels us to think and live otherwise.  The limitrophic reflection actuated by the other-than-human gaze eliminates the sharp ontological gap between humans and other animals.  Owing to the strength of these encounters with other-than-human alterity, species boundaries erected on the shaky foundation of binary logic become unclear and unstable.  The epiphany that the biosphere is replete with other semiotic agents that are capable of conceiving, transmitting, and decoding signs further erodes the pervasive doctrine of human exceptionalism.

Valentina Romanzi

This essay investigates the conflictual and oppressive relationship between humans and animals in the context of late capitalism in ‘western/ized’ societies and how speculative fiction can imagine and inspire alternative ways for interspecies coexistence. It focuses especially on the representation of animal labor, i.e. the way animals are involved in the contemporary production system. The essay takes Brooke Bolander’s 2018 novella The Only Harmless Great Thing as a case study, analyzing it through the lens of Achille Mbembe’s necropolitics (2003), and arguing that the author provides an attempt at ‘necropolitical and post-necropolitical imagination’ that, despite not always being successful, shows how to envision an alternative future without straying too far from the present.

Lorenzo Graziani

Dal punto di vista narratologico, la metalessi si definisce come una trasgressione della gerarchia narrativa in cui un elemento appartenente a un livello superiore si trova ad agire a uno inferiore e viceversa. Il presente saggio offre un’analisi delle funzioni espressive e delle implicazioni filosofiche della metalessi. Viene principalmente sottolineata la sua capacità di illustrare – attraverso i mezzi propri della letteratura – problematiche del pensiero di interesse capitale. Il paradossale attraversamento di livelli che la caratterizza compare infatti in attività intellettuali situate in territori abbastanza distanti da quello della creazione artistico-letteraria – come logica, metafisica, filosofia del linguaggio e psicoanalisi. Nostro obiettivo è dimostrare che le potenzialità espressive della metalessi vanno ben oltre la rappresentazione del problematico rapporto tra fatto e finzione in quanto la struttura metalettica riproduce narrativamente una serie di operazioni mentali compiute dal pensiero umano ogni volta che va alla ricerca dei propri limiti.

Giorgia Bordoni

Questo articolo si concentra sulla comparazione fra due opere di fantascienza: i racconti di Primo Levi “L’ordine a buon mercato” e “Alcune applicazioni del Mimete” – raccolti in Storie Naturali (1966) –, e il film Moon (2009) del regista inglese Duncan Jones. Questi due scenari fantascientifici, sebbene differenti per stile e intreccio narrativo, si rivelano sorprendentemente affini nel rappresentare la schiavizzazione e la strumentalizzazione dell’umano, ridotto a prodotto duplicabile, utilizzabile e sostituibile nell’epoca contemporanea delle macchine. La scrittura letteraria di Levi e quella cinematografica di Jones propongono una riflessione etico-politica sia sulle responsabilità della tecno-scienza, che sulle conseguenze dei processi tecnologici. Questo lavoro illumina l’analogo impegno di questi due ‘scenari della duplicazione umana’ nell’osservare il crinale imprevedibile della clonazione, in cui la dialettica fra identità e differenza produce una svolta drammatica che ha la sua origine in una certa hybris (trasgressione) della ripetizione.

Roberto Franceschini, Doojin Kim, Kyoungchul Kong et al.

Kinematic variables have been playing an important role in collider phenomenology, as they expedite discoveries of new particles by separating signal events from unwanted background events and allow for measurements of particle properties such as masses, couplings, spins, etc. For the past 10 years, an enormous number of kinematic variables have been designed and proposed, primarily for the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider, allowing for a drastic reduction of high-dimensional experimental data to lower-dimensional observables, from which one can readily extract underlying features of phase space and develop better-optimized data-analysis strategies. We review these recent developments in the area of phase space kinematics, summarizing the new kinematic variables with important phenomenological implications and physics applications. We also review recently proposed analysis methods and techniques specifically designed to leverage the new kinematic variables. As machine learning is nowadays percolating through many fields of particle physics including collider phenomenology, we discuss the interconnection and mutual complementarity of kinematic variables and machine learning techniques. We finally discuss how the utilization of kinematic variables originally developed for colliders can be extended to other high-energy physics experiments including neutrino experiments.

Eleonora Palykhata, Liliia Shtafirna

The article considers the issue of the organization of the educational material on Rhetoric at the final stage of learning the Ukrainian language subject in grades 10–11 of secondary schools. The present paper is focused on analyzing program requirements, implementation of program requirements in the Ukrainian language textbooks and guidelines based on changing the content of lessons on the development of coherent speech at secondary school as the basis of the final stage of learning Ukrainian – improving public speaking (monologue, dialogue, polylogue) at the lessons of Rhetoric. The definition of the concept «public speaking» has been offered as a special genre variety of speech activity indicates the ability to influence listeners in monologues, dialogues or polylogues in order to learn, persuade, encourage, enjoy aesthetic pleasure, etc. by means of speech. Planning and implementation of the study of the section «Rhetoric» is demonstrated in the Ukrainian language programs for grades 10–11 and in textbooks at the theoretical and practical levels. The programs pay attention to the text-centric approach to the study of the Ukrainian language in general and Rhetoric in particular. The explanatory note of the program contains information about the study of the basics of Rhetoric ‑ the theory and practice of perfect speech, convincing, appropriate, effective; education of a rhetorician as a worthy citizen, competent in public speaking; determination of norms and rules of public argumentation and criteria for evaluation of oral speech activity. Having analyzed the programs and textbooks in the Ukrainian language for the 10th and 11th grades, we conclude that the proposed textbook material is valuable and important for teaching public speaking, but it does not correspond to the content of the programs. Practical tasks have a multi-vector orientation, there is no system in which knowledge and skills would function as a single coherent organism. Taking into consideration the results of the analysis of the Ukrainian language program for the 10th and 11th grades in public speaking and analyzing the relevant textbooks, we offer theoretical and practical material for teaching the seniors oral public speaking based on what they have studied in school. The proposed knowledgeable material for the 10th and 11th grades contains information on public speaking aimed at developing skills: to plan, model communication situations, produce texts based on natural or artificial situations, make a plan of speech (invention), produce compositional parts of the text, argue (disposition), choose figures and phrases (elocution), choose paths and stylistic figures (eloquence), memorizing a speech (memory), say a monologue (action), express a personal attitude to what is heard etc. The materials of the textbook should demonstrate what is planned in the program at the theoretical and practical levels for the acquisition of knowledge and the formation of public speaking skills.

S. Revutska, Yu. A. Bendeberi

Objective. The objective of the article is to investigate Yushchenko’s oratory techniques and means of nonverbal communication on photo and video materials posted in free access. Methods. The main scientific results are obtained through analytical observation of non-verbal politics during speeches or interviews. Results. Recently, elocution has become an integral part of the competencies of a specialist in various spheres of life. The ability to speak for a politician is one of the main tools in building communication with the audience. Analytical works on elocution and devices of Ukrainian public figures, especially presidents, begin to appear more and more often in the columns of newspapers, online publications, and even scientific journals. Of particular interest is the field of nonverbal communication, because it is perhaps the most influential in the perception of the speaker by the audience. The third president of Ukraine is remembered by many for his wide range of non-verbal means, which previous leaders almost lacked. Despite the importance of the non-verbal component in the public speeches of the country’s leader, in particular in relation to Yushchenko, attention is paid to the occasion in the scientific literature, and therefore requires detailed study. In the process of analyzing non-verbal means of communication, it is found that the third president of Ukraine has his own personal techniques, which create a holistic portrait of the speaker. His gestures completely deny the idea «the higher the socio-economic status of man, the less developed gestures and poorer body movements for the transmission of information» [12]. The politician uses his hands the most in the process of non-verbal communication, which gives him the opportunity to strengthen his own positions, testify to his intentions and readiness. Also important is the fact that the conditions of communication or social status of the interlocutor does not affect the meaning of gestures or their set, they are standard and stable. In general, the most commonly used gestures are persuasion, unification, detail, doubt, or reflection. Therefore, Yushchenko, as a speaker, may be a good role model for students in acquiring elocution.

Людмила Ликтей

The content of the method competence of teachers of the humanities in pedagogical colleges is analyzed in the article. The main methodological approaches to the teaching of the disciplines are explained: methodology of the Ukrainian language, the Ukrainian language by professional direction, basics of culture and elocution, modern Ukrainian language, children's literature with teaching methods, foreign language by professional direction (English, German, and Polish), etc. The role of methodological competence in the professional growth of teachers is defined, because they actively use distance and innovative teaching technologies; involvement in methodical activities that are implemented by teaching of professional methods of humanitarian direction is outlined.

Valerio Rota

Recensione di Paolo Desogus, Laboratorio Pasolini. Teoria del segno e del cinema (Quodlibet, 2019).

Carlos Reis

La presente analisi focalizza aspetti e personaggi dell’opera di José Saramago in diretta relazione con la riflessione che, nel contesto teorico degli studi narrativi, è stata sviluppata all’interno del progetto di ricerca Figuras da Ficção (Figure della Finzione). Tenendo in considerazione la fortuna mediatica e anche la cosiddetta ultravita di certi personaggi di Saramago, li considero figure in movimento e ne approfondisco la dinamica di rappresentazione data per implicita, ricorrendo alla nozione di rifigurazione. A partire da questa, è possibile affermare che i personaggi finzionali sono figure che transitano nel nostro mondo e vengono ad abitare con noi.

Riccardo Gasperina Geroni

Il saggio affronta il mito nell’opera narrativa di Cesare Pavese, secondo una prospettiva ermeneutica di stampo ricœuriano. L’autore prenderà in analisi alcuni passi tratti dalle sue opere in prosa, in cui il narratore autodiegetico, al culmine tragico della scena, introduce puntualmente il sentimento di colpa. La colpa, che spesso è stata collegata al pensiero di Pavese per motivi biografici, è qui riletta alla luce di una specifica teoria del mito. A tale rivalutazione, l’autore giunge attraverso un lungo percorso teso a 1) affrontare il problema della demitizzazione, centrale negli scritti teorici di Pavese; 2) portare in evidenza il rapporto che la colpa istituisce (anche in termini narratologici) con la concezione del tempo; 3) mostrare come la colpa non abbia ragioni biografiche, bensì nasca da una riflessione sul tempo, sul problema del male ed infine sul senso di “finitudine” della vita umana.

Joyjit Chatterjee, Nina Dethlefs

Condition-based monitoring (CBM) has been widely utilised in the wind industry for monitoring operational inconsistencies and failures in turbines, with techniques ranging from signal processing and vibration analysis to artificial intelligence (AI) models using Supervisory Control & Acquisition (SCADA) data. However, existing studies do not present a concrete basis to facilitate explainable decision support in operations and maintenance (O&M), particularly for automated decision support through recommendation of appropriate maintenance action reports corresponding to failures predicted by CBM techniques. Knowledge graph databases (KGs) model a collection of domain-specific information and have played an intrinsic role for real-world decision support in domains such as healthcare and finance, but have seen very limited attention in the wind industry. We propose XAI4Wind, a multimodal knowledge graph for explainable decision support in real-world operational turbines and demonstrate through experiments several use-cases of the proposed KG towards O&M planning through interactive query and reasoning and providing novel insights using graph data science algorithms. The proposed KG combines multimodal knowledge like SCADA parameters and alarms with natural language maintenance actions, images etc. By integrating our KG with an Explainable AI model for anomaly prediction, we show that it can provide effective human-intelligible O&M strategies for predicted operational inconsistencies in various turbine sub-components. This can help instil better trust and confidence in conventionally black-box AI models. We make our KG publicly available and envisage that it can serve as the building ground for providing autonomous decision support in the wind industry.

Grace O. Prezi

This paper which investigates the place of sociolinguistics in the society with particular reference to Nigeria draws its data from primary sources like personal and public speeches as well as secondary sources like textbooks, journals, internet materials, etc. The researcher uses a combination of descriptive approach and the theoretical framework of linguistic and communicative competence to analyze the data. The study reveals that sociolinguistics as an area of language study has been a tool without which it will be too difficult if not impossible for human beings to inhabit in the society. From the study, it is observed that in a society with particular reference to Nigeria, sociolinguistics is relevant in all aspects of human life such as communication, education, politics, administration/government, theatre arts, mass communication (advertisements), creation of new words to accommodate the new concepts in the society, criminology/forensic, oratory, etc.

Basil Dufallo

The imperial-age Greek Progymnasmata in which the term ekphrasis first appears show that the rhetoricians of the Greco-Roman world identified “descriptive speech” as an important component of rhetorical narrative and other elements of an oration insofar as it created “vividness” (ἐνάργεια) and “clarity” (ͅσαφήνεια) so as to bring persons, places, events, objects, etc. “before the eyes” (ὑπ’ ὅψιν) of listeners. The Roman rhetoricians draw upon Greek concepts and terminology to express the value in oratory of vividness (evidentia, illustratio, repraesentatio) imparted through description (descriptio, sub oculos subiectio, etc.). Many examples of such techniques can be found in Roman oratory as well as the Roman historians, who, like most Roman authors, share with the orators a strong familiarity with rhetoric. But if, in general, neither oratory nor historiography exhibits a high degree of self-consciousness about differences between ekphraseis/descriptiones in Greek and Latin, one type of ekphrasis—that of art objects in Roman poetry and the Roman novel—does. This constitutes one reason why it merits separate attention, in spite of the fact that the Progymnasmata suggest that in Antiquity it was viewed as a subcategory of the larger phenomenon. Many of the ways the Latin authors use ekphrasis of art (real or imagined) are, again, drawn directly from Greek practice. For example, these ekphrases often represent in metaliterary fashion the larger text in which they appear (a technique known in modern discussions as mise en abyme) or, in a related gesture, allude through analepsis and prolepsis (flashback and “flash-forward”) to other parts of the main text. They often interrupt the course of the larger text’s narrative by encouraging its audience to concentrate on a visual narrative within the art object and yet demand to be integrated into the larger narrative, however problematically or imperfectly, by an interpreting audience. Whether implicitly or explicitly, moreover, they often affirm verbal art’s capability to express things that a silent art object cannot and thus seem to assert the primacy of the text over the image. All of these are inherited Greek techniques; but the Latin authors extend the self-referential quality of ekphrasis’ conventional functions to encompass focused scrutiny of the relationship between Greek and Roman culture. We can sometimes discern, moreover, ways in which allusions to Greek elements of actual painting, sculpture, architecture, etc. enhance this dimension of Roman ekphrasis. Latin authors’ uses of these interrelated techniques develop and change over time.

P. Harding

on his fellow Attic orators. However, in recent years, scholars such as Michael Edwards (Isaeus, Austin 2007) and Brenda Griffith-Williams (A Commentary on Selected Speeches of Isaios, Leiden 2013) have rightly brought Isaeus’ corpus into the limelight with their fresh evaluations. Hatzilambrou’s book successfully continues the movement to offer an unbiased view of his work. This is the first volume on Attic oratory from Cambridge Scholars Publishing. It begins with an extensive introduction to Oration 3, which is divided into six parts: Hatzilambrou clearly maps out information on the orator’s life, the legal dispute that led to the trial, the speech’s structure and style, the manuscript tradition, previous translations of the text and, finally, the need to provide a new, ‘self-contained’ edition of Oration 3. Hatzilambrou’s inclusion of the testimonia (1–6) is noteworthy. By gathering all the sources relating to Isaeus’ life (for example Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Harpocration, etc.) and presenting both the original Greek and her own translation of each source, she has created a valuable resource. Another indispensable inclusion, and very well placed at an early stage in the introduction, is the stemma familiae, depicting all the named people involved in the inheritance case (9). Overall, the introduction is thorough and clear. This is particularly appreciated when considering a writer like Isaeus, since the points of law and the familial details surrounding the case require careful explanation. Hatzilambrou gives due consideration to the effectiveness of Isaeus’ rhetoric and the logical construction of the speech (10–28, 35–41), both of which she evaluates considerably more positively than Wyse, who maintained that he knew ‘few examples of Greek oratory that leave on the mind a more disagreeable impression of trickiness and dishonesty’ (The Speeches of Isaeus, Cambridge 1904, 276). Along with the anonymous hypothesis to the speech, Hatzilambrou presents a new version of the Greek text based on a full collation of the manuscript evidence, complete with her own apparatus criticus. Though she reflects upon the suggestions of other commentators, her guiding principle is to deny any emendation to the text unless the reading of the manuscript cannot be explained (54). The Greek is accompanied by an English translation of both the hypothesis and the text, which allows the speech to be accessible to those without knowledge of Greek. But beyond simply providing an accurate translation, I hasten to add that Hatzilambrou’s rendering enables any reader to follow readily Isaeus’ argumentation on Athenian inheritance law. The edition includes a detailed commentary on the linguistic, textual, stylistic and legal issues encountered in the speech. Although the speech may be read independently, the notes on matters of 267

Adhish Deshpande, R. Pandharkar, Subodh Deolekar

Good speeches can have relevance for several decades or centuries and have the potential to impact people's minds and hearts forever. A good speech is centered around its substance, but how it is delivered is what makes a great speech. The aim of this project is to introduce a web-based platform to analyze, understand and improve elocution skills to help people deliver effective speeches, presentations or to improve business communications. We make use of various values and graphs of vocal elements related to speech delivery for a more visual and quantitative method of learning speech. Our framework uses free to use and open source products from the speech technology domain. It is tested and tailored for the English-speaking population of India. We aim to cater to the requirement of a convenient and user-friendly product that can be used to practice speech delivery, improve oratory skills, boost confidence, and deliver articulate speeches.

Robert Gorman

How to classify short texts effectively remains an important question in computational stylometry. This study presents the results of an experiment involving authorship attribution of ancient Greek texts. These texts were chosen to explore the effectiveness of digital methods as a supplement to the author’s work on text classification based on traditional stylometry. Here it is crucial to avoid confounding effects of shared topic, etc. Therefore, this study attempts to identify authorship using only morpho-syntactic data without regard to specific vocabulary items. The data are taken from the dependency annotations published in the Ancient Greek and Latin Dependency Treebank. The independent variables for classification are combinations generated from the dependency label and the morphology of each word in the corpus and its dependency parent. To avoid the effects of the combinatorial explosion, only the most frequent combinations are retained as input features. The authorship classification (with thirteen classes) is done with standard algorithms—logistic regression and support vector classification. During classification, the corpus is partitioned into increasingly smaller ‘texts’. To explore and control for the possible confounding effects of, e.g. different genre and annotator, three corpora were tested: a mixed corpus of several genres of both prose and verse, a corpus of prose including oratory, history, and essay, and a corpus restricted to narrative history. Results are surprisingly good as compared to those previously published. Accuracy for fifty-word inputs is 84.2–89.6%. Thus, this approach may prove an important addition to the prevailing methods for small text classification.

L. Rata, N. Birnaz, Butnari Nadejda

This chapter applies an ecological approach to learning and communication to analyze the impact of rhetoric communication on oratory competence. In the introductory section, it is analyzed the evolution and future trends of rhetoric and oratory as well as the importance of planning and management the university didactical processes from the perspectives of ecosphere, ecosystem, ecology, rhetoric situation, etc. It is pointed that in our current, globalized world, university education serves as the focal focus on verbal communication. The university education cannot escape from the pressure of their global and local environment. In the background, the authors analyze the evolution of rhetoric in accordance with general system theory and communication theory. The focus of the chapter is devoted to the development of the oratory competence. A novel model of rhetoric communication is described in detail. The chapter finishes with conclusions and future research regarding the applicability of the proposed model.

Françoise Palleau-Papin

In The Book of Dolores, a series of self-portraits in photography and drawings with accompanying text, William T. Vollmann pictures himself as a cross-dresser. He uses various techniques that emphasize the pictorial approach of photography, to create an uncanny icon of femininity. As an attempt to reach the other side, not just of gender, but of life, his negative prints in particular seem to reveal a ghostly presence. In TheBook of Dolores, una serie di autoritratti fotografici e disegnati e accompagnati da un testo scritto, William T. Vollmann si ritrae come un travestito. Utilizza diverse tecniche che enfatizzano l’approccio pittorialista alla fotografia per creare un’icona perturbante della femminilità. Tentativi di raggiungere l’altro lato, non solo del genere, ma anche della vita, i suoi negativi, in particolare, sembrano rivelare una presenza spettrale.