This open access book is based on a unique body of data on a hitherto understudied field of Pentecostal prayer camps and mental health in Ghana. The book investigates and presents empirically grounded cases of persons with mental illness and how they deploy religious resources at prayer camps in Ghana in dealing with their illness. Particularly, the book explores perceived causes of mental illness and how such perceptions influence health seeking behaviours. The book illustrates how the perceived causes of mental illness and the healing practices found at prayer camps in Ghana that are meant to deal with the illness appeal very much to Ghanaians because they resonate with indigenous worldviews. Through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of in-depth-interviews with persons afflicted with mental illness and practitioners, this book points out the varied ways in which prayer camps have become a source of authoritative knowledge in Ghana’s medical pluralistic society, serving as an “informal” health sector in the provision of health care to persons with mental illnesses. It further highlights the network of relationships between prayer camps and hospitals as new ground of training in “cultural competence” for clinicians in their field of practice in psychiatry. The book proposes theintermediate continuum approachas a new framework or lens for examining the broader role of religion and culture in mental health care. The approach aims at providing a common ground to merge the differences in previous approaches in the studies of culture and mental health and thereby undo the tensions, conflicts, and controversies inherent in such approaches. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded byÅbo Akademi University.
Reza Ali Fahlevi, Sriany Ersina, Sudarman Abdullah
Perubahan sosial, tekanan hidup, dan lingkungan yang tidak kondusif meningkatkan masalah kesehatan mental di kota-kota, termasuk Kota Makassar. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan fasilitas rehabilitasi yang dapat mendukung proses penyembuhan secara menyeluruh. Tujuan dari penelitian dan perancangan ini adalah untuk mengembangkan konsep dan desain untuk Pusat Rehabilitasi Mental di Kota Makassar menggunakan pendekatan arsitektur penyembuhan dengan mengutamakan elemen alam, cahaya, warna, skala ruang, dan kualitas pengalaman inderawi pengguna. Untuk menghasilkan konsep tentang tapak, massa bangunan, dan pengolahan ruang luar dan dalam, metode deskriptif kualitatif digunakan. Survei lapangan, penelitian pustaka, dan penelitian preseden bangunan sejenis digunakan. Hasil perancangan menunjukkan komposisi tapak dengan coverage bangunan sekitar 37 persen dan ruang terbuka hijau 63 persen. Ini juga menunjukkan zonasi yang jelas berdasarkan tingkat privasi, integrasi elemen air dan pemandangan sungai, penerapan atap hijau pada bangunan utama, dan desain interior yang lembut, terang, dan manusiawi. Secara keseluruhan, diharapkan desain yang dibuat dapat membangun lingkungan rehabilitasi yang tidak hanya memenuhi kebutuhan fungsional medis tetapi juga membuat pasien merasa aman, nyaman, dan tenang, sehingga membantu pasien pulih secara psikologis.
Saphia Shariff, Ebony Mundy, Rayna Hutcherson
et al.
ABSTRACT Suicide rates among Black women and girls have been rising, with depression being a major precursor to suicide attempts. Implementing evidence‐based treatments for depression could significantly help in reducing these suicide rates. As such, the aim of the study was to review treatment effects of depression intervention on young Black girls and women (YBGW) across treatment settings. Studies that used Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) to reduce depressive symptomatology in Black girls and women ages 12–29 were eligible for inclusion. Following the review of 715 abstracts and 68 full‐text articles, 12 studies were ultimately selected. The RCT articles were then organized into four categories based on the intervention methods used in the study. Notably, only two studies specifically targeted YBGW, and only one provided treatment effect sizes for this group. The remaining RCTs did not include data specific to YBGW, limiting the ability to draw robust conclusions regarding treatment effects on depression. Despite these limitation, the study highlights the critical need for targeted depression interventions to address the rising suicide rates among Black women and girls.
Shannon Gwin Mitchell, Jan Gryczynski, Donald C. Worley
et al.
Background De-implementing non-effective or even harmful practices in healthcare is sometimes necessary, as has been the case with opioid prescribing in dentistry over the past decade. One approach to practice transformation is to deploy clinical decision support (CDS) tools. This qualitative study examined barriers to CDS use as part of a cluster randomized trial that aimed to decrease opioid prescribing for pain management following tooth extractions across a large dental practice. Method Twenty dental providers who took part in the larger randomized trial were purposively selected to complete a semi-structured qualitative interview. Participants represented a broad range in terms of years of practice, dental specialization, and CDS use patterns. Interviews were conducted via Zoom, audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a content analysis approach in ATLAS.ti following participation in the cluster randomized trial. Results Reasons for not using the CDS fell generally into two broad categories: unintentional (i.e., forgetting to use the CDS) and intentional. Providers who forgot to use the CDS after training and implementation either were not sure where to look for the alert on the screen or did not remember to look for it because its use was never incorporated into their workflow. Reasons for deciding not to use the CDS included feeling that it slowed down their workflow, thinking that the information it provided would not be useful, and not trusting the functionality of the system. Conclusions There were numerous, interdependent human, organizational, and technological factors that influenced the intentionally and unintentionally low CDS use rates observed in the study. Findings highlight issues to be aware of and address in future implementation efforts that utilize CDS. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03584789.
Tone Jørgensen, Trine Brinkmann, Ann-Karina E. Henriksen
et al.
Youths with restrictive eating disorders can be admitted to voluntary and involuntary treatment in acute psychiatric units for children and adolescents when their need for help is urgent or there is an emergency situation related to their vital functions. Providing sufficient nutrition for these patients is a key focus in treatment plans, making meal planning and calorie intake an essential part of the treatment. This article examines mealtime practices in the treatment of restrictive eating disorders at child and adolescent psychiatric acute hospitals in Norway. The analysis shows a complex interplay between treatment and coercion, where coercion underpins and ultimately ensures treatment compliance. The study contributes to the limited literature on coercion in inpatient child and adolescent psychiatry, and findings call for critical reflection to advance new ways of enforcing nutritional intake for patients with eating disorders admitted to involuntary treatment.The analysis is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted across three acute units in Norway. Drawing on Goffman's perspectives on frame analysis and his dramaturgical approach to social interaction, we examine how the establishment of frames in eating situations produces different meanings for this treatment activity. In our analysis, we demonstrate how three different frames (a biomedical therapeutic frame, a coercion frame, and a mealtime frame) constitute and regulate interactional behaviour in eating situations, and how participants negotiate these frames. It is argued that treatment and coercion are entangled in the routine treatment activity of meals, which makes coercion omnipresent in the treatment of restrictive eating disorders.
Rachit Saggar MBBS, Joseph Mullen BS, Warren Austin
et al.
Research Type: Level 4 – Case series Introduction/Purpose: Primary Achilles tendon ruptures are common injuries and typically result from acute loading associated with sudden and forceful contraction of the gastrocnemius. Various surgical techniques exist that allow decreased re-rupture rates and faster return to play. The giftbox technique demonstrates improvement in the biomechanical properties of acute Achilles tendon repairs and decreased re-rupture rates compared to prior techniques (Labib et al. 2009; Labib et al. 2016). However, re-ruptures still occur. For this reason, this project explores a modification to the giftbox technique, where the proximal and distal free suture ends are passed anteriorly to the tendon and tied at lateral struts. Specifically, the purpose is to evaluate the functional outcomes observed with this novel technique. Methods: An institution-based registry with foot and ankle patient data that was prospectively collected was queried. Consecutive patients who underwent surgical repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures between June 2017 and March 2023 with the senior author’s modified giftbox technique were evaluated. The inclusion criteria were patients who had an acute primary Achilles tendon rupture within six weeks prior to surgery, clinical diagnosis, and underwent surgical repair. Patients with ipsilateral ankle pathology and revision surgeries were excluded from the study. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) were obtained preoperatively and at 6 month, and ≥1-year postoperative clinic visit with the validated Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Activities of Daily Living (FAAM ADL) subscale, PROMIS Mental Health, and PROMIS Physical Health. PROMs were compared to the preoperative scores with a paired t-test and 95% confidence intervals were reported. Results: 56 patients were identified who had undergone acute Achilles tendon rupture repair with the modified giftbox technique and were included in this study (14 females). All patients completed a preoperative survey, 46 (82%) patients completed a 1-month postoperative PROM survey, 51 (91%) completed a 3-month postoperative PROM, 50 (89.3%) completed a 6-month postoperative PROM, and 54 (96%) patients completed a final postoperative PROM, with a minimum of 1-year. Mean follow-up was 2.85 years. The PROM results are summarized in Table 1. Notably, a significant improvement in all scores except PROMIS-MH was observed starting at the 3-month visit. Patients continued to progress with each visit. Overall complication rate was 10.7% consisting of 1 re-rupture, 1 infection, 1 neuropathy, and 3 delayed wound healing. Conclusion: This study clinically assesses a novel modified giftbox technique for treating acute Achilles tendon ruptures, revealing improved functional outcomes based on FAAM (ADL and Sport), PROMIS-PH, and VAS in both mid-term and long-term follow-ups. The novel modified giftbox technique is suitable for surgical repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures, and results compare well to historical reports of re-rupture, infection, and wound complication rates. Furthermore, this provides a comprehensive overview of patient standards at each interval.
Various types of skin wounds pose challenges in terms of healing and susceptibility to infection, which can have a significant impact on physical and mental well-being, and in severe cases, may result in amputation. Conventional wound dressings often fail to provide optimal support for these wounds, thereby impeding the healing process. As a result, there has been considerable interest in the development of multifunctional polymer matrix hydrogel scaffolds for wound healing. This review offers a comprehensive review of the characteristics of polysaccharide-based hydrogel scaffolds, as well as their applications in different types of wounds. Additionally, it evaluates the advantages and disadvantages associated with various types of multifunctional polymer and polysaccharide-based hydrogel scaffolds. The objective is to provide a theoretical foundation for the utilization of multifunctional hydrogel scaffolds in promoting wound healing.
Hard‐healing diabetic wound brings burgeoning physical and mental burdens to patients. Current treatment strategies tend to achieve multistage promotion and real‐time reporting to facilitate wound management. Herein, a biomimetic enzyme cascade inverse opal microparticles system for wound healing, which is intergated with glucose oxidase (GOD) and copper peroxide (CP). Such microparticles are composed of biofriendly hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA) and pH‐responsive acrylic acid (AA), which provided abundant binding sites and spaces for chemical immobilizing and physical doping of enzymes and metal bioinorganics. When the cascade catalytic system is applied on wound sites, hyperglycemia environment would serve as a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generator through GOD catalysis, while acidic environment triggers the decomposition of CP, further catalyzing H2O2 to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, the distinctive structural color of the microparticles can visually reflect the wound pH and intelligently estimate the healing state. It is demonstrated that such microparticle systems exhibit excellent broad‐spectrum antibacterial and angiogenesis‐promoting properties, as well as significant real‐time reporting ability for wound healing. These features indicate that enzyme cascade structural color microparticles possess valuable potential in wound healing and related field.
Wound healing is a dynamic process which involves stages of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Any error in this process results in abnormal wound healing, generating financial burdens for health systems and even affecting the physical and mental health of the patient. Traditional dressings do not meet the complexities of ideal treatment in all types of wounds. For this reason, in the last decades, different materials for drug delivery and for the treatment of wounds have been proposed reaching novel level of standards, such as 3D printing techniques. The use of natural or synthetic polymers, and the correct design of these printed products loaded with cells and/or combined with active compounds, can generate an effective system for the treatment of wounds, improving the healing process and generating customized dressings according to the patient needs. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of different types of 3D printing techniques, as well as its use in wound healing and its different stages, including the advantages and limitations of additive manufacturing and future perspectives. Graphical abstract
Post‐injury infection and wound healing are recurrent daily life problems. Therefore, the necessity of developing a biomaterial with antibacterial and wound‐healing properties is paramount. Based on the special porous structure of hydrogel, this work modifies recombinant collagen and quaternary ammonium chitosan and fused them with silver nanoparticles (Ag@mental‐organic framework (Ag@MOF)) with antibacterial properties, and asiaticoside‐loaded liposomes (Lip@AS) with anti‐inflammatory/vascularization effects to form the rColMA/QCSG/LIP@AS/Ag@MOF (RQLAg) hydrogel. The prepared hydrogel possesses good sustainable release capabilities of Ag+ and AS and exhibits concentration‐dependent swelling properties, pore size, and compressive strength. Cellular experiments show that the hydrogel exhibits good cell compatibility and promote cell migration, angiogenesis, and M1 macrophage polarization. Additionally, the hydrogels exhibit excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. In vivo, Sprague Dawley rats burn‐wound infection model showed that the RQLAg hydrogel could efficiently promote wound healing and has stronger healing promoting abilities than those of Aquacel Ag. In summary, the RQLAg hydrogel is expected to be an excellent material for accelerating open wound healing and preventing bacterial infections.
Healing spaces have played an important role in human history as arenas for healing and restoration of physical health. Current research from across disciplines identifies that engagement with space for people with mental illness can reduce emotional stress and thus improve health. This research leads to the central question of this paper: How do people with mood disorders achieve emotional regulation through healing spaces? In response to this question, this paper investigates the effects of sensory experience and architectural space on emotion regulation, with a particular focus on healing spaces. It proposes a model to analyze and explain how the design and use of healing spaces can create emotional experiences that stimulate patients’ senses and facilitate emotional regulation in individuals with mood disorders. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding how elements of healing spaces affect patients’ senses and contribute to the quality of emotion regulation. The paper argues that healing structures can effectively enhance the emotional experience of a space by creating a positive spatial atmosphere, thereby aiding in the healing process for patients with mood disorders. This paper’s analysis of the existing literature identifies key mechanisms by which healing spaces promote emotion regulation-healing structures-and breaks them down into three main structures: (a) Safety Guarantees Physical and Mental Development; (b) Functionality Supports the Treatment Process; (c) Ambiance Promotes Emotional Comfort, this study examines existing evidence to determine how healing structures promote emotionally regulated treatment. The study also explores representative examples of healing spaces and how they utilize spatial elements to stimulate the patient’s senses. This research results show that healing structures directly influence or facilitate eight primary spatial elements (color and form, light, sound, air and temperature, nature, materials, play and games, and activity and communication) which incorporate one or more dimensions of healing. Therefore, this paper aims to enhance our understanding and awareness of the correlation between interior space, human senses, and healing structures.
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is the fibrosis within the uterine cavity. It is the second most common cause of female infertility, significantly affecting women's physical and mental health. Current treatment strategies fail to provide a satisfactory therapeutic outcome for IUA patients, leaving an enormous challenge for reproductive science. A self-healing adhesive hydrogel with antioxidant properties will be highly helpful in IUA prevention. In this work, we prepare a series of self-healing hydrogels (P10G15, P10G20, and P10G25) with antioxidant and adhesive properties. Those hydrogels exhibit good self-healing properties and can adapt themselves to different structures. They possess good injectability and fit the shape of the human uterus. Moreover, the hydrogels exhibit good tissue adhesiveness, which is desirable for stable retention and therapeutic efficacy. The in vitro experiments using P10G20 show that the adhesive effectively scavenges ABTS+, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals, rescuing cells from oxidative stress. In addition, P10G20 offers good hemocompatibility and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. Furthermore, P10G20 lowers down the in vivo oxidative stress and prevents IUA with less fibrotic tissue and better endometrial regeneration in the animal model. It can effectively downregulate fibrosis-related transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Altogether, these adhesives may be a good alternative for the clinical treatment of intrauterine adhesion.
ABSTRACT In this era, human life relies on progress in science and technology, which in turn creates problems that must be faced physically, psychologically, socially and economically. Which ultimately causes a person to experience mental health disorders such as stress and depression, paranoia, schizophrenia, anxiety, bipolar, dimensionality, autism. In this regard, there has been debate among western scholars, medical circles and psychiatrists, psychologists and various other schools in identifying the causes of mental disorders and this has given rise to debate among scientists. Some scientists say that the problem of mental disorders starts from biological, biophysical, psychosocial, genetic and social factors. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis with a qualitative type of research. The results of the researchers show that modern psychology and western philosophers no longer see the issue of mental disorders as a metaphysical discussion, they only look at it from a social perspective and do not explain problems regarding the soul in discussions about health. mentally. They focus on medical problems that are related to physical or sociological causes and do not see them as metaphysical entities. Ibn Sina explains metaphysics and the relationship between body and soul on a philosophical basis for mental health. Ibn Sina proposed a more integrative approach to mental health disorders.
Background: Studies using tasks that measure suicide-specific attentional biases have not specified which attentional processes are related to risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This study distinguished suicide-specific engagement and disengagement biases from other forms of cognitive processing and investigated under which affective conditions suicide-specific biases emerged. Method: An ethnoracially and socioeconomically diverse sample of 153 young adults (87 % female; 52 % Non-Hispanic White), ages 18–34, with moderate-to-high symptoms of anxiety, depression, or recent suicide ideation were randomly assigned to experience positive, negative, or neutral affect, completed cognitive tasks of attention, construct accessibility, and threat bias, and self-report measures. Results: Individuals with recent ideation displayed facilitated disengagement from suicide-specific stimuli irrespective of affective state. Those with distal ideation showed slower disengagement from suicide-specific stimuli in the sad condition only. Conclusions: Individuals with recent suicide ideation display automatic processing of suicide-related information, perhaps due to recent rehearsal of suicide-related content. In contrast, individuals with distal ideation experiencing negative affect appear to have difficulty disengaging attention from suicide-related content. Limits to generalizability of the findings include a predominantly female sample, although the sample’s racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic diversity increase generality of the research.
Ahmad Shafaat Ahsen, Celine Morshed, Hanan Hashem
et al.
Identified as a human need, belonging is severely under-studied among Muslim American emerging adults. During this transitional period, Muslim American emerging adults must also grapple with experiences of discrimination and ostracization, which may increase the likelihood of substance use as a coping mechanism. Due to the experiences of marginalization, combined with the taboo nature of substance use in religious and cultural contexts, Muslim American young adults may be at an increased risk for negative mental health outcomes compared to their non-Muslim peers. Therefore, it is important to identify predictors of substance use in Muslim American young adults to provide culturally relevant and responsive prevention and intervention measures. Our study surveyed 183 Muslim American young adults using snowball sampling to collect data on substance use and belonging experiences. Findings from the study provide evidence of moderate substance use among Muslim American young adults, with nearly half of the sample reporting lifetime use. Results from a binary logistic regression indicate that young American Muslims with higher rates of belonging to the Muslim community are less likely to report using substances compared to young Muslims with lower rates of belonging to the Muslim community.
Background: Symptoms of ADHD are common in individuals with hoarding disorder (HD). It remains unclear whether these attentional symptoms reflect high co-occurrence rates of ADHD and HD, or whether inattentive symptoms can be conceptualized as intrinsic to the HD syndrome. In addition, inattention (vs. hyperactivity) in particular, appears to be related to HD, but this may be because some inattention criteria (e.g., losing items, disorganization) may be better explained as a result of clutter rather than inattention per se. Method: We explored what specific ADHD symptoms were most likely to be endorsed by individuals with HD, and compared this to a sample of patients with OCD (who have been shown to have some overlapping executive functioning deficits) and a sample of healthy controls. We also examined retrospective ratings of childhood ADHD symptoms to explore whether childhood ADHD symptoms were associated with later HD diagnosis, or whether attentional symptoms in HD onset later in life. Results: Individuals with HD reported higher ADHD symptoms in childhood than did individuals with OCD, and for both clinical groups ADHD symptoms appeared to worsen across the lifespan. Individuals with HD were more likely than were individuals with OCD and healthy controls to endorse inattention subscale items, although the few hyperactive subscale items that were significant appeared to largely reflect verbal impulsivity (e.g., interrupting others, talking too much, “blurting out” responses preemptively). Conclusions: Specific criteria endorsed varied by diagnosis, suggesting that individuals with HD may have a different, specific inattention profile.
Titiek Berniyanti, Marhazlinda Marhazlinda, Retno Palupi
et al.
Background: COVID-19 is a global pandemic health problem that is getting a lot of attention around the world today. It is a serious illness that can significantly affect the daily lives of patients and their families in terms of mental health problems, such as post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia, as well as negatively impacting the quality of patients. Purpose: This study aims to determine the impact of long haulers on the quality of life of COVID-19 survivors in East Java, Indonesia. Methods: Researchers conduct detailed the solution to overcome the problem by using educational videos and sports or routine gymnastics to change the attitude of COVID-19 survivors towards long haul healing is done through the distribution of the two facilities via the google drive link. The drafting team has 2 program plans as a solution to the problems carried out. Results: The prevalence of COVID-19 survivors with long haulers was slightly higher than that of non-long haulers. The results of the knowledge and attitude scores on the pre-test and post-test after viewing the media booklet and educational video showed a significant difference and improvement of quality of life in the result. Conclusion: The level of knowledge, attitudes, and quality of life including the physical health of long haul COVID-19 survivors in East Java experienced a significant increase after being given counseling through online booklets and
educational videos.