Toda is a Dravidian language that is well known for its aberrant phonology, namely due to ubiquitous vowel dropping, simplification of consonant clusters, and phonemic diversification. Although efforts have succeeded to some extent in mapping these phonemes to those of related languages, the origins and implications of Toda morphology have not yet been explored in detail. This work aims to reconstruct key aspects of the Pre-Toda verb in order to provide a dataset to be faithfully used in comparative Dravidian linguistics. Here, the formation of the secondary stem and the nonpast suffixes are demonstrated to show more affinity towards Old Kannada rather than Old Tamil. At the same time, the tenseless and dubitative conjugations, along with personal terminations, are found to retain archaic Dravidian suffixes.
Murad Abdu Saeed, Atef Odeh AbuSa’aleek, Huda Suleiman Al Qunayeer
How teachers can provide effective feedback that promotes' students' active responses to and use of it is the question of the current debate in research. The need for teachers to formulate/compose their feedback in the form of questioning alleviates their authoritative roles in the process. Therefore, this study explored the role of teacher Google Doc-based feedback given in the form of questions on the assignments of 14 pairs of undergraduates in a Malaysian university in fostering their responses to feedback and uptake of it in writing. The results revealed that the feedback questions fall into single Yes/No questions, single Wh-questions, and a combination of both, which served as eliciting responses, eliciting information, seeking clarifications, requesting, checking certainty, and inviting learners to respond to and interact over the e-feedback before using it in revising their texts. Findings indicate that Google Docs functions as an interactive platform where students diversify their responses to e-feedback, such as commenting on the e-feedback, interacting around the e-feedback issues, seeking further feedback, resolving the e-feedback, and addressing the e-feedback through edits/text revisions. Furthermore, the way e-feedback questioning is formulated influences how students respond to and use e-feedback in revising their assignments. The study provides valuable suggestions for teacher feedback practices in graduate courses in higher educational institutions.
Special aspects of education, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
Este portfólio apresenta uma ação de Fazemos, incubadora de economia solidária de “Enquanto Viver, Luto!” A ação foi realizada nas ruas ao lado da Estação da Luz, conhecidas em São Paulo por local de trabalho de profissionais do sexo, no dia 24 de junho de 2021, véspera do Dia Internacional da Mulher Negra Latino-Americana e Caribenha e o Dia Nacional de Tereza de Benguela.
Abstract This study aims to demonstrate the need for learner-corpus-informed applications and proposes methods of application that promote the proper use of Korean topic and nominative markers. This study extracted 3004 pieces of error from the error-annotated corpus of the Korean Learners’ Corpus, the largest Korean learner corpus to date. A detailed examination of the above data was conducted to subdivide the types of substitution errors related to the topic and nominative markers, and to analyze the error rate according to the type of error and level of proficiency. The statistical data revealed no consistent correlation between the error rate and proficiency level. Furthermore, based on the proportion of error types by proficiency level, this study proposes the use of common mistake boxes with real errors; these errors are generally committed by learners of all proficiency levels and are not presumed problematic by grammarians or intuition-based teachers. These boxes can, therefore, be utilized as a practical tool for inclusion in pedagogical materials, such as learner’s dictionaries and textbooks.
Special aspects of education, Language acquisition
Los álbumes sin palabras se caracterizan por una concepción visual y multimodal en el contexto de la complejidad de la literatura infantil posmoderna. Su lectura desafía a los lectores infantiles y supone un reto para los mediadores en el desarrollo de la alfabetización visual y la educación artística en contextos educativos. El estudio que se presenta pretende aportar unas orientaciones para la lectura a partir del análisis de una selección de obras que abordan el fenómeno migratorio desde la experiencia del viaje. Estos libros suelen ser analizados desde enfoques sociales e ideológicos a los que se desea sumar una nueva perspectiva, con el objetivo de propiciar lecturas multirreferenciales, críticas y reflexivas. El análisis muestra cómo el discurso no ficcional se encuentra latente bajo un relato aparentemente ficcional. Este discurso se manifiesta como estrategia constructiva a través de personajes colectivos, lugares comunes, voces de autoría o símbolos que abstraen una mirada universal y colectiva de la experiencia migratoria, lo que explicaría, en parte, la imagen homogénea que se tiende a transmitir de las personas inmigrantes o refugiadas en estas obras. El resultado son álbumes próximos al género documental en los que la ficción es un soporte que implica al lector.
Rifka Fani Syuhada, Iskandar Abdul Samad, Kismullah Abdul Muthalib
The educational advertisements are displayed in various media: printed or electronic media. The advertisements are set in many types, forms, and styles of the language used to persuade customers. However, they have not been clearly investigated yet until there are no certain determinates to these cases, especially, the language styles use. This research aims to describe the styles of language in the educational advertisement of The Jakarta Post newspaper published from May 2018 to August 2019. The theory used in this study was put forward by Moriarty, Mitchell, and Wells (2012). This research used a descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that there were three language styles from twenty-four advertisements that appeared in the educational advertisement on The Jakarta Post newspaper. These were hard-sell style, straightforward style, and the combination of hard-sell and straightforward. However, the most dominant language style appearing in the educational advertisement of The Jakarta Post newspaper in May 2018 to August 2019 edition was a hard-sell style because the language style of this advertisement provided detailed information in which it is very often used in displayed advertisements.
This article aims to test the so-called unique items hypothesis on Czech language data. The hypothesis formulated by Sonja Tirkkonen-Condit presumes the underrepresentation of unique items (target-language elements that have no direct counterparts in the source language) in translated texts compared to non-translations in the same language. A monolingual comparable sample corpus consisting of Czech translations and non-translations served as language data, both subcorpora containing approximately 17 million tokens. The tested Czech unique items were chosen from lexical units, word-formation phenomena, syntactic structures and language use phenomena. The frequency of these items was subjected to statistical testing with R software. The results reveal a general tendency of translated Czech language to contain less unique items. However, some of the individual items do not correspond to this tendency.
Este artigo analisa a construção da imagem de marcas sustentáveis de açúcar a partir das informações e representações imagéticas utilizadas nas embalagens para o consumidor. A representação da consciência socioambiental diverge entre as empresas avaliadas: União, Native e Guarani, que se baseiam em estratégias diferentes de agendamento dos comportamentos dos consumidores, e só as duas primeiras fundamentam sua imagem em selos e certificados de instituições que avaliam a gestão sustentável dos produtos.
Communication. Mass media, Social sciences (General)
Why do Modern English modal auxiliaries ought to, should, and must, meaning OBLIGATION, occur in the present tense, yet their forms are in the preterite? Why does to accompany ought? One of the solutions to these questions is to look at the history of the English language. This monograph deals with the history of ought to, should, and must, which are of different syntactic and semantic origins: ought to stems from a main verb of Old English āgan ‘to have’ (POSSESSION) along with to; should derives from sculan ‘must’ with its ‘deviation’ to shall, and mōtan originates in ‘to be allowed to’ (PERMISSION). The work concentrates on the transition from Old English (700-1100) to Middle English (1100-1500), which is a crucial period in the history of the English language. Topics addressed include the linguistic review of modality, the philological reading of primary texts, and the occasional reference to the other Germanic languages. Biographische Informationen Kousuke Kaita, born in 1983, studied English philology and linguistics at Chiba University, Japan (MA), and at the University of Munich, Germany (PhD). His research interests include medieval English syntax and Germanic philology. Currently he is a JSPS Postdoctoral Fellow for Research Abroad of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Reihe Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften - Band 48
This study illustrates the most significant experiences and figures of Florentine philological linguistic culture between the 19th and 20th centuries with constant reference to the broader context of linguistic studies in Italy and Europe. In the years following Italian Unification, Florence took over again its “traditional” role as the Italian lexicography capital and – with the foundation of the Istituto di Studi Superiori Pratici e di Perfezionamento (1859), a breeding ground for historical-comparative linguistics and romance philology – the city could stand again among the hubs of European positivism. During the 20th century, the University of Florence continued to host renowned linguists and philologists who have made significant contributions to Italian culture