Rehab M. El-Sayed, Eman Saad Alamri, Mohamed H. ElSayed
et al.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder that affects individuals across all age groups, including children, adolescents, and adults. The ADHD etiology encompasses a lack of several nutrients and food compositions. Some applied strategies, such as increased intake of specific nutrients, were proposed as additional therapy for this condition. In our narrative review, we explored the relationship between dietary patterns and ADHD by searching through “Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed” for relevant studies. This review sheds light on the connection between dietary patterns and ADHD and provides a concise summary about practicing these dietary therapies. Several studies reported that unhealthy eating habits were positively correlated with ADHD, while healthy eating habits showed a negative correlation. Furthermore, there is a potential association between ADHD and deficiency in certain nutrients, including magnesium, iron, zinc, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin D. However, despite the promising nature of the dietary modifications as strategies for managing ADHD, the need for more robust scientific evidence to validate their effectiveness is highly recommended.
Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities
Resenha do livro: AMARAL, Luciana Pucu Wollmann do. Niterói operária: trabalhadores (as), política e lutas sociais (1942-1964). Rio de Janeiro: APERJ: IOERJ, 2023
Academic and political debates on the digitalization of agriculture have addressed sustainability mainly from an ecological perspective. Social sustainability, particularly questions of labor, has been largely neglected in the literature thus far. This is particularly problematic since digitalization could fundamentally change farming practices and labor processes on farms, with possibly far-reaching consequences for rural development, rural communities as well as migrant laborers. Looking at the case study of Germany, this article asks how digital technologies are changing labor processes on horticultural and arable farms. The aim of this paper is to bring labor into the debates around agriculture and digitalization and to offer a detailed picture of the impacts of digital technologies on labor in agriculture. The case study builds on fourteen in-depth interviews conducted from June 2020 to March 2021, participant observation, and digital ethnography. The results show new forms of labor control and an intensification of the work process linked to methods of digital Taylorism, as well as risks of working-class fragmentation along age lines. A deskilling of workers or farmers due to digitalization has not been observed. The suggestion of an increased dependency of workers due to the loss of employment opportunities in agriculture is contested. The results stress the importance of designing agricultural policies that foster fair and equitable working conditions.
Liubov Yakymynska, Igor Pasternak, Denis Ivanitskyi
Мета роботи: аналіз можливостей превентивних заходів, які здатні мінімізувати ризики зараження продовольства в результаті техногенних катастроф, пов’язаних з обстрілами державою-терористом АЕС та інших об’єктів критичної інфраструктури, або використання Росією “брудних бомб”.
Метод: історичний метод, метод порівняння.
Результати дослідження: визначено, що додавання радіонуклідів у продукти харчування, призначені для ЗСУ, є трудомістким і неефективним процесом. З огляду на це вірогідність його використання є мінімальною. Радіоактивне зараження внаслідок вибуху ядерної бомби носитиме комплексний характер, внаслідок чого знезараження продовольства у радіоактивній зоні не матиме скільки-небудь ефективного результату.
Цінність дослідження: Продовольчі служби ЗСУ мають знати, як проводити превентивні заходи, направлені на недопущення потрапляння радіонуклідів у продукти харчування у випадку техногенної катастрофи, а також здійснювати очищення забрудненого продовольства.
Тип статті: теоретична.
No contexto constitucional portugue?s, assim como durante todo o processo de independe?ncia e formac?a?o do Estado nacional no ini?cio do se?culo XIX, tanto o uso da terra quanto a captac?a?o do trabalho indi?gena foram centrais para os destinos do Ceara?, bem como a definic?a?o de sua cidadania. O presente texto priorizara? as discusso?es sobre terra e trabalho indi?gena, com foco na atuac?a?o poli?tica dessas populac?o?es em seus projetos de definic?a?o da pro?pria cidadania. Sera? dividido em dois momentos: no primeiro, debatera? os acontecimentos relativos ao advento constitucional no Ceara? por meio das mudanc?as promovidas pelas Cortes de Lisboa, o embate entre diferentes poderes na provi?ncia e a relac?a?o dos indi?genas com o processo. Em seguida, analisara? um conjunto documental de memo?rias (ou propostas) produzidas por indivi?duos e ca?maras municipais entre 1821 e 1822, a serem enviadas para o governo do Impe?rio na Europa. Escritas tanto por indi?genas e como por na?o indi?genas, muitas expressavam a forma como projetavam as modalidades de trabalho dessa populac?a?o, a condic?a?o da tutela e a definic?a?o de cidadania, fazendo dela um objeto de intensas disputas, cruciais para a compreensa?o da formac?a?o do Estado nacional brasileiro.
L. Prokopenko, A. G. Chebotarev, N. P. Golovkova
et al.
Introduction. Recent studies have shown that working conditions at mining enterprises remain harmful and dangerous. We characterize the working conditions by a set of factors of the production environment that affect the functional state of the body of workers and their working capacity. It depends on the equipment used, technologies, objects, products of labor. They are specific to each enterprise. In these conditions, the definition of occupational risks of violation of the health of miners becomes particularly relevant. The study aims to assess the current working conditions, the state of professional performance, to determine the risks of health disorders of the drivers of mining machines at ore quarries. Materials and methods. The researchers have conducted hygienic studies to assess production factors at ore quarries. We have presented an analysis of materials for a special assessment of working conditions at workplaces for ore quarries belonging to the Mining and Metallurgical Trade Union of Russia. Experts have summarized materials on occupational morbidity of employees over the past five years. The researchers have performed a cross-sectional epidemiological study to assess the risk of developing chronic general somatic diseases in mining machine drivers. Results. The article provides a hygienic assessment of working conditions in modern quarries, shows the complex impact on workers of the dust and gas factor, noise and vibration, microclimate. The authors present classes of working conditions for employees of the main professions, the results of a special assessment of working conditions. We have given an analysis of occupational morbidity in the quarries included in the GMPR and GOK “Lebedinsky” over the past five years. Researchers have found that diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, as well as diseases of the circulatory system are production-related in workers engaged in open-pit mining. Conclusion. In the conditions of using high-performance mining equipment for open-pit mining of ores, a complex of production factors affects workers of leading professions. The authors give a general assessment of the working conditions at the workplaces of these professions: this is a harmful third class with varying degrees of harmfulness. The current set of production factors determines the level of occupational morbidity, which has been trending downward in recent years. The leading place belongs to vibration sickness, it is closely related to the increased values of the maximum permissible levels and the equivalent adjusted level of vibration velocity at the workplaces of drilling rig drivers, excavators and drivers of heavy-duty dump trucks. The high prevalence and risk of developing chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue and diseases of the circulatory system, as well as a significant increase in indicators with an increase in work experience in harmful working conditions, allow us to speak about the production conditionality of these diseases in workers engaged in open-pit mining. Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics committee.
The literature on platform labour has been growing during recent years, encompassing a wide range of themes and perspectives, including gender. Despite efforts to address gender issues in the study of platforms, however, there is still a gap in the relevant literature. This article is an attempt to address this gap by discussing some of the theoretical and methodological implications of gendering platform research. At the same time, it is an attempt to think of gender as a perspective that sheds light on the feminisation and racialisation of precarious labour more broadly and platform labour more specifically. The article explores current research strands on gender and platforms. First, it discusses how gender is and can be integrated into the collection of statistical data on platforms. Then it considers recent research on domestic and care work platforms, which constitutes an area of interest for many researchers. The concept of work-life balance in platforms is raised next and the role of reproductive and affective labour as part of platform labour. The article addresses the question of affect in platforms, especially the ways in which it can provide a valuable theoretical framework for research shedding light on the subjectivity of platform workers. Overall, the article analyses both the recent literature on the topic and possible future research directions on gender in platforms.
Este estudo almeja analisar ontologicamente o fenômeno do bolsonarismo, buscando compreendê-lo em seus elementos mais determinantes. Com base na noção de ontologia (LUKÁCS, 2013), entendemos que o Modo de Produção Capitalista se encontra em um processo de crise estrutural, iniciado em 2008, que atinge todo o seu quadro de controle sociometabólico. A ampliação da precarização da vida da classe trabalhadora que agrava o quadro de pauperização material e espiritual da sociedade impele os sujeitos a uma condição permanente de insatisfação. Entretanto, ao passo que esta revolta é bastante difusa, reforçada por sua captura pela racionalidade neoliberal, o ideário conservador-irracionalista, como é o bolsonarismo, emerge como uma síntese possível, ainda que contraditória, da revolta dos sujeitos para com a sua vida e se consolida como uma reação do capital para retomar a direção intelecto-moral da sociedade, assim como, e, principalmente, da fomentar a acumulação de capital em níveis ainda maiores. Outrossim, a absorção do ideário de grande parte da classe trabalhadora e de suas organizações pelo capital a partir da ontologia pós-moderna restringe o campo das possibilidades de sua práxis política. Torna-se, então, decisivo para o futuro da humanidade, resgatar a ontologia para o campo da luta de classes de modo a apresentar um novo projeto societário estruturante capaz de disputar os “corações e mentes da classe trabalhadora”.
Special aspects of education, Labor. Work. Working class
O artigo tem por objetivo analisar o debate sobre trabalho doméstico e direitos para trabalhadoras domésticas promovido por mulheres ligadas ao PCB entre as décadas de 1940 e 1960. Orientado por demandas colocadas pelas próprias mulheres trabalhadoras e por discussões que vinham sendo travadas internacionalmente, o movimento mobilizou problematizações que foram além do mundo do trabalho e do plano jurídico na medida em que desnaturalizou ideias enraizadas de que o trabalho doméstico e a gestão do cotidiano familiar eram “coisas de mulher”. Nesse sentido, pensou alternativas para “libertar” as mulheres do que chamou de “escravidão doméstica”.
Brilliance has been overlooked in studies of professional work. This study aimed to understand how brilliant practices are made possible and enacted in a multidisciplinary paediatric feeding clinic, where professionals from different disciplines work together and with parents and carers of children. The existing literature has thematically described brilliance but not theorised how it is accomplished and enabled. Using video reflexive ethnographic methods, the study involved the video-recording of 17 appointments and two reflexive discussions with the participating professionals, who selected and reviewed five episodes exemplifying brilliant care. These were analysed through three themes: carer-friendly and carer-oriented practice; ways of working together; and problem-solving in actu (in the very act of doing). Using the theory of practice architectures, we explored brilliant practices as complexes of sayings, doings, and relatings, identifying the arrangements that enabled those practices and the forms of praxis involved.
Since the great financial crisis of 2007–2009 there has been a flurry of attention being paid— even in the mainstream press—to the issue of precarious work and the emergence of a “precariat.” Very often, this new “dangerous class” is thought to be replacing the role of the Marxist proletariat. Beneath all the hyperbole there are, of course, real issues and processes. But these can only be discerned, we argue, through the lens of historical materialism. This special issue of RRPE was called to explore the interactions of precarious and (the older concept of) informal work in the remaking of contemporary global capitalism and the emerging global working class. In this introduction, we seek to clarify some definitional issues and argue that the mainstream emphasis on the “standard employment contract” sets up all alternatives to it as, in some way, pathological. Instead, the debate on precarious and informal work must be necessarily both global and historical in its approach, rather than abstract and definitional. Above all we stress the importance of human agency and the innovations that can be derived from a creative application of Marx’s own research. The term “precarity” has a long lineage in terms of labor studies, even if it has been called “unstable,” “casual,” “contingent,” or “nonstandard” work, for example. It also has a more recent political usage in Western Europe as part of the counterglobalization mobilizations. It has, perhaps, taken on a more existential meaning, referring to the various ways our lives (not just working lives) are increasingly out of control. There have been several definitions proffered, some involving a quite complex taxonomy. It may be simpler at this stage to start with Arne Kalleberg’s bare definition of “precarious work” as “employment that is uncertain, unpredictable, and risky from the point of view of the worker” (Kalleberg 2009: 2). This definition has the advantage of not being based solely on precarity as a phase of postFordist decline of the standard employment contract after the crisis in countries that once had a welfare state. It thus suits our global perspective. As to the “informal” work/sector it also has a long but quite distinct trajectory. It emerged in the 1970s from Northern studies of subSaharan employment patterns to describe workers outside the formal capitalist system. The informal sector or informal economy, as it became known, covers a wide range of occupation from smallscale manufacturing and retail to domestic service
José Carlos Mariátegui é considerado um dos grandes pensadores marxistas do século XX e possui rica obra sobre a realidade peruana e o socialismo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal compreender o projeto de socialismo para Mariátegui, a partir da análise sobre a Revolução Bolchevique, sobre a formação social peruana e sobre o debate acerca da influência de Sorel na construção de seu projeto revolucionário.
Special aspects of education, Labor market. Labor supply. Labor demand
Este artículo recoge y reflexiona alrededor de los logros y desafíos más significativos de un proyecto de cooperación implementado entre 2014 y 2017 en 12 ciudades y municipios de Colombia, que tuvo por objeto promover la independencia y la participación de personas con discapacidad víctimas del conflicto armado. Estos aprendizajes pueden ser analizados y tenidos en cuenta por gobiernos, tomadores de decisiones, profesionales y otros implementadores de programas para mejorar las políticas, programas y proyectos que favorezcan las condiciones de esta población. Se destacan aspectos relevantes de la participación de terapeutas ocupacionales en el campo de la inclusión social de personas con discapacidad en escenarios de posacuerdo, derivados de la experiencia del proyecto.
Public aspects of medicine, Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare
For a long time, there was no legal definition of “employee” or “contract of employment” in Germany. This did change in 2017 when the lawmaker introduced the new section 611a into the Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) which, however, is based on the existing judge-made law. This article first gives an overview of the definition of the courts (1.) and then presents the “new” legal regulation (2.). On this basis, the question will be discussed what has been achieved by the legislator (3.). The paper ends with a concluding remark (4.).
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, Labor. Work. Working class
The study focuses on the analysis of the central concepts that are influencing changes and transformations in the role of professionals and in the work done by organizations supporting people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Spain. This includes the need for a global and systematic approach to the needs of the person, highlighting the importance of evidence to support professional, organizations and administrations decisions, and the influence that different systems (individual, family, organizational and social) have in the life of the person. Finally, some conclusions are presented about the current moment and the immediate future.
Psychology, Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities
This article analyses the different approaches to the Vargas Era proposed in recent works that emphasize Vargas as an epic of an injustified national hero, as Bonapartism and as a manifestation of a national-developmentalist project. The balance takes into account the contributions and possible limitations of each work and especially its position in the political debate on developmentalism and its feasibility as a project for the future.