Hasil untuk "History"

A. Hyde

M. Harrison

summary:The emergence of global history has been one of the more notable features of academic history over the past three decades. Although historians of disease were among the pioneers of one of its earlier incarnations—world history—the recent “global turn” has made relatively little impact on histories of health, disease, and medicine. Most continue to be framed by familiar entities such as the colony or nation-state or are confined to particular medical “traditions.” This article aims to show what can be gained from taking a broader perspective. Its purpose is not to replace other ways of seeing or to write a new “grand narrative” but to show how transnational and transimperial approaches are vital to understanding some of the key issues with which historians of health, disease, and medicine are concerned. Moving on from an analysis of earlier periods of integration, the article offers some reflections on our own era of globalization and on the emerging field of global health.

P. M. Podsakoff, Scott B. MacKenzie, Jeong-Yeon Lee et al.

T. Kuhn, David Hawkins

K. Krippendorff

History Conceptual Foundations Uses and Kinds of Inference The Logic of Content Analysis Designs Unitizing Sampling Recording Data Languages Constructs for Inference Analytical Techniques The Use of Computers Reliability Validity A Practical Guide

J. Creswell

C. Hempel

D. Ewing, I. Campbell, B. Clarke

S. Bassnett, A. Lefèvere

R. Hogg, N. Blake, R. Lass et al.

I. Lapidus

Weiting Chen, Weiting Chen, Xiaoshuang Jiang et al.

BackgroundTracheostomy is common in traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (TCSCI) because of respiratory complications, yet objective tools to estimate individual risk remain limited.MethodsIn this single-center retrospective cohort at the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, we enrolled 308 consecutive ICU admissions with TCSCI (January 2018–March 2023) and randomly split the cohort 7:3 (outcome-stratified) into training (n = 215) and validation (n = 93) sets. Candidate admission predictors were screened with Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator and then entered into multivariable logistic regression to construct a nomogram. Model performance included discrimination (AUC with bootstrap 95% CIs, 2,000 resamples), calibration (intercept, slope, Brier), and decision curve analysis (DCA). A prespecified clinical threshold of 0.30 was used to summarize sensitivity and specificity.ResultsFive independent predictors were retained—smoking history, thoracic injury, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, cervical dislocation, and ASIA grade (A vs. B-D). The model showed strong discrimination (AUC 0.844, 95% CI 0.788–0.896 in training; 0.903, 95% CI 0.823–0.966 in validation) and good calibration. At the 0.30 threshold, performance was Sensitivity 0.781/Specificity 0.725 (training) and Sensitivity 0.812/Specificity 0.852 (validation); DCA demonstrated greater net benefit than “treat all/none” across threshold 0.10–0.70.ConclusionA parsimonious, five-factor nomogram based on routine admission data provides accurate, clinically interpretable stratification of tracheostomy risk in TCSCI. Clear reporting of ASIA coding and a prespecified decision threshold enhance bedside usability. Prospective, multi-center external validation is warranted.

H. Ernandes, D. Feuillet, S. Feltzing et al.

The Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus was the last major merger and central turning point in the Milky Way's story. This event, comparable in mass to the Large Magellanic Cloud today, left behind significant debris that provides valuable insights into the assembly history of our Galaxy and the chemical evolution of dwarf galaxies. By examining the aftermath of the GSE merger, we can delve deeper into understanding how the Milky Way's formation unfolded and how dwarf galaxies evolved chemically. Specifically, the distinct patterns of neutron capture elements such as Eu and Ba, along with Mg, offer clues about the star formation history. Through a comprehensive analysis of data compiled in the SAGA database, we investigated the Gaia Sausage-Enceladus' star formation history. Elemental abundance ratios ([Eu/Mg], [Ba/Mg], and [Eu/Ba]) derived from this study, when compared with those of surviving Milky Way satellites, indicate that the GSE experienced a prolonged period of slow star formation, lasting over 2 Gyr, until it was eventually quenched by merging with the Milky Way. Consequently, these elemental signatures serve as a unique window into the complex history of both surviving and accreted satellites orbiting our Galaxy.

Huiliang Zhang, Di Wu, Arnaud Zinflou et al.

Multivariate Time Series (MTS) forecasting has a wide range of applications in both industry and academia. Recent advances in Spatial-Temporal Graph Neural Network (STGNN) have achieved great progress in modelling spatial-temporal correlations. Limited by computational complexity, most STGNNs for MTS forecasting focus primarily on short-term and local spatial-temporal dependencies. Although some recent methods attempt to incorporate univariate history into modeling, they still overlook crucial long-term spatial-temporal similarities and correlations across MTS, which are essential for accurate forecasting. To fill this gap, we propose a framework called the Long-term Multivariate History Representation (LMHR) Enhanced STGNN for MTS forecasting. Specifically, a Long-term History Encoder (LHEncoder) is adopted to effectively encode the long-term history into segment-level contextual representations and reduce point-level noise. A non-parametric Hierarchical Representation Retriever (HRetriever) is designed to include the spatial information in the long-term spatial-temporal dependency modelling and pick out the most valuable representations with no additional training. A Transformer-based Aggregator (TAggregator) selectively fuses the sparsely retrieved contextual representations based on the ranking positional embedding efficiently. Experimental results demonstrate that LMHR outperforms typical STGNNs by 10.72% on the average prediction horizons and state-of-the-art methods by 4.12% on several real-world datasets. Additionally, it consistently improves prediction accuracy by 9.8% on the top 10% of rapidly changing patterns across the datasets.

Benjamin M. Moy, Hanna K. Bertucci, Betelehem Lemma et al.

ABSTRACT Regadenoson, a selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist, is widely used as a stress agent for myocardial perfusion imaging. A2A receptor activation has been implicated in migraines due to its pro‐nociceptive effects within trigeminal pain pathways. This case report discusses a 67‐year‐old female with headache, sudden onset unilateral weakness, and paresthesias after undergoing a PET‐CT for ischemic evaluation. Subsequent lab and imaging studies were unconcerning for acute stroke or seizure, raising suspicion for hemiplegic migraine given her extensive neurologic history and rapid onset of symptoms. Regadenoson may be associated with hemodynamic instability and lowering of the seizure threshold. Patients should be screened for neurologic risk factors prior to receiving regadenoson to determine if alternate modalities for ischemic evaluation are more suitable.

Benedetta Paolino, Maria Cristina Sorrentino, Severina Pacifico et al.

In this study, a historically significant journal subject to fungal colonization was used as a case study for experimenting with a fumigation treatment using essential oils. The experiments were carried out both in vitro and in vivo directly on the artifact. Post-treatment monitoring showed that the succession of two fumigation treatments (alternately using rosemary and lavender oil) resulted in the complete disinfection of the first and second populations detected on the substrate. The latter was identified as <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i>, a human pathogenic species, which was found to be sensitive to various concentrations of rosemary essential oil (1.2% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) and lavender essential oil (0.4% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>), while it was not contained by the standard biocide based on benzalkonium chloride. The results obtained allowed the proposal of an application protocol for the fumigation of paper items that need to undergo biocidal treatment, which consists of alternating essential oils to increase the action spectrum of the natural substances and implementing a rotation principle to prevent the development of bio-resistances.

J. Hatch, R. Wisniewski

F. Turner

Abbas Ghaddar, David Alfonso-Hermelo, Philippe Langlais et al.

In this work, we dive deep into one of the popular knowledge-grounded dialogue benchmarks that focus on faithfulness, FaithDial. We show that a significant portion of the FaithDial data contains annotation artifacts, which may bias models towards completely ignoring the conversation history. We therefore introduce CHARP, a diagnostic test set, designed for an improved evaluation of hallucinations in conversational model. CHARP not only measures hallucination but also the compliance of the models to the conversation task. Our extensive analysis reveals that models primarily exhibit poor performance on CHARP due to their inability to effectively attend to and reason over the conversation history. Furthermore, the evaluation methods of FaithDial fail to capture these shortcomings, neglecting the conversational history. Our findings indicate that there is substantial room for contribution in both dataset creation and hallucination evaluation for knowledge-grounded dialogue, and that CHARP can serve as a tool for monitoring the progress in this particular research area. CHARP is publicly available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/huawei-noah/CHARP

Marcelo Viktor Gilge

Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) foi um renomado pesquisador alemão da segunda metade do século XIX e início do século XX. Parte de sua produção científica foi devotada a defender e divulgar as ideias darwinianas de modificação das espécies em seu país. Entre as ideias de Haeckel, destaca-se a Lei Biogenética Fundamental, na qual ele afirmava que os estágios de desenvolvimento pelos quais passam os embriões recapitulam a história evolutiva do filo. Para explicar essa ideia, na obra Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte (História Natural da Criação) de 1868, Haeckel utilizou ilustrações de embriões que foram alvo de críticas e acusações de fraude e plágio. Este artigo tem por objetivos analisar o uso que Ernst Haeckel fez dessas ilustrações, relatando algumas das críticas de cientistas contemporâneas e posteriores e proporcionar um material para atividades pedagógicas voltadas ao ensino de evolução biológica e desenvolvimento embrionário. Em aproximação a análises realizadas por alguns historiadores da ciência, conclui-se que Haeckel se defendeu razoavelmente e que a motivação maior das críticas era o ataque ao darwinismo.