Arttu Järvinen, Konrad Olejnik, Jarkko Männynsalo
et al.
Currently, recycling fibrous materials has become a key challenge in sustainable waste management. The presented research investigates the potential use of waste cotton fibers from the textile industry as an additive to kraft pulp used in paper production. According to the requirements of modern papermaking, single- and three-ply paper structures were made with various quantities of waste cotton fibers. Our research aimed to examine the properties of the obtained papers to demonstrate their potential applications in areas where paper is commonly used. Microscopic analysis confirmed that refining caused the fibers to become more fibrillated, which increased their papermaking potential. The highest strength parameters, excluding tear resistance, were found for a three-ply structure made from unbleached softwood kraft pulp (UBSK) only. The second strongest paper was a three-ply paper containing 16% waste cotton fibers (CTN). In this variant, the outer layers were made from UBSK pulp and the middle layer from a mixture of CTN and UBSK pulps refined together. The highest tear resistance was achieved with a single-ply paper containing 16% waste cotton fibers refined with UBSK pulp. The results also indicate that there is no single, universal solution for multi-ply paper production that would improve all strength parameters.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
Non-proprietary ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has been developed by numerous research institutes, each exhibiting unique characteristics distinct from both commercial and other non-proprietary UHPC formulations. However, comprehensive techno-economic analyses (TEA) comparing UHPC to conventional concrete, alongside extensive long-term durability assessments, remain limited. This study bridges these gaps by evaluating the long-term durability, modeling service life, and conducting a TEA of resource-efficient non-proprietary UHPCs. Durability characterization was conducted in accordance with ASTM standards, focusing on chloride ion penetration (via electrical surface resistivity), drying shrinkage, freeze–thaw (F–T) resistance, and absorption. These properties were monitored over a year to capture both transient and steady-state performance. A durability assessment factor (κ) was introduced to assess and compare the new UHPCs with existing alternatives. Results demonstrated that the UHPCs achieved high electrical surface resistivity, exceeding the low chloride ion penetration threshold of 21 kΩ∙cm within 1 week of casting. No deterioration was observed after 600 F–T cycles, indicating superior F–T resistance. Drying shrinkage remained below 0.1%, and absorption remained below 1.4%. These results highlight the long-term durability of the UHPCs, with a projected design service life surpassing 350 years, aligning closely with proprietary UHPC products.
Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc., Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
Abstract This study investigates the digital transformation trends in the Korean fashion industry over the past decade, focusing on business models, processes, services, products, and customers. Using bibliometric and big data analyses, we examined articles from journals listed on the Korea Citation Index (KCI) from 2014 to 2023. It was revealed that the five factors are not independent but are complementary and interconnected. Keyword frequency and network analysis revealed key themes, including the increasing influence of the metaverse on business models and the significance of “recognition” in digital processes for fashion practitioners and designers. “Hanbok,” “Non-Fungible Token,” “Virtual Reality,” and “experience” were notable in services, while “COVID-19” and “3D” emerge as central product discussions. Consumer discussions highlighted “Millennials and generation Z,” “experience,” and “value.” This study provides a comprehensive overview of digital technologies in fashion, offering insights into current trends and future directions. It contributes to the theoretical understanding of digital transformation in fashion and offers practical guidance for industry professionals.
Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc., Social Sciences
Yaroslav V. Golubev, Igor S. Makarov, Denis N. Karimov
et al.
For the first time, electrospinning has been used to recycle polyacrylonitrile terpolymer (PAN) waste following the solid-phase N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) process from PAN solutions in DMSO into nonwoven materials. The morphology of the obtained material has been studied. The material derived from secondary raw materials was compared to the material from the original PAN using IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. It has been demonstrated that the chemical changes of PAN that occur during NMMO processing do not interfere with nonwoven material manufacture. Spun PAN nonwovens with different histories have similar morphology. It has been shown that the elastic modulus of ultrafine fibers depends on the history of PAN. Single monofilaments produced from initial PAN have a threefold greater elastic modulus than fibers spun from NMMO-recycled polymer. The revealed structure and properties of PAN fibers allow them to be considered as filter materials, as well as precursors of carbon nonwoven fabrics.
Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc., Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate Thai, Vietnamese and Indonesian consumers’ responses to cross-border online shopping for Korean fashion products using 3D virtual fitting technology. In order to examine the factors affecting a consumer’s attitude toward virtual fitting technology and the purchase intention of Korean fashion products, technology acceptance model, which represents cross-border site characteristics, and technology readiness, which represents a consumer's belief in technology, were used in combination with technology readiness and acceptance model. An online survey was conducted with male and female consumers in their 20 s and 30 s residing in Vietnam, Indonesia, and Thailand. A structural equation model analysis was performed using smart PLS to verify the research model. Among the dimensions of technological readiness, optimism and innovativeness had a positive effect on consumers' perceptions of the cross-border site, and discomfort had a negative effect. Perceived usefulness, enjoyment, and perceived fit had a significant effect on the attitude toward virtual fitting technology, and the effect of enjoyment was the greatest. This study highlighted the role of each dimension of technology readiness by verifying consumer acceptance of virtual fitting technology in cross-border online transactions. It also emphasized the role of perceived enjoyment in technology acceptance.
Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc., Social Sciences
Kiran Shahapurkar, Gezahgn Gebremaryam, Gangadhar Kanaginahal
et al.
The current study examines the effect of NaOH treatment on the hardness, inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) and water absorption behavior of epoxy composites reinforced with banana pseudostem fibers. Using the hand-lay-up method, six distinct samples are created that are composed of layers of woven and short banana fibers in both a plain and hybrid form. Plain- treated woven composites reveal the highest hardness and ILLS properties followed by the hybrid and short fiber composites. The random orientation of the fiber structure in short fiber composites results in the largest moisture absorption; this behavior is further supported by elucidating the kinetic parameters and diffusion coefficient parameters. SEM analysis confirms the improved surface of the NaOH-treated composite material.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
S. Natarajan, V. Ramesh Babu, S. Ariharasudhan
et al.
Knot configurations serve as the foundation for postoperative tissue repair. Loosening surgical knots during or after tying might lead to an unsuccessful suture and compromise the outcome. This investigation was carried out to study the mechanical properties of knotted silk sutures that are made from braided structures with three different diameters. A maximum tensile strength (33.24 N) and minimum breaking elongation (15%) of dry suture, maximum tensile strength (22.6 N) and minimum breaking elongation (13.6%) of wet suture were achieved with five throws and a diameter of 0.3 mm with surgeon’s square knot.
Sahar Kousar, Muhammad Babar Ramzan, Salman Arif Cheema
et al.
This study aims at the proposition of a novel strategy to classify the upper body silhouette of the male population into different shapes. Instead of using an existing measuring scheme based on linear evaluation of the body, we devise the use of angle-based anthropometric data to capture the exhibited curvature of the upper body. The objectives are attained by quantifying and employing the chest-waist (CW) angle and hip-waist (HW) angle in the instigation of a more appropriate classification of the upper body. A sample of 241 males aged 17–29 years was scanned through a 3D body scanner to gather the anthropometric data including chest girth, waist girth, and hip girth and their respective heights. In the next phase, the extracted information was used to calculate the angles. Based on the empirical realizations of the resulting indices, criteria defining the classifications of the body shape were determined. The operational environment is further enriched by considering varying levels of angular differences capable of offering more notable stratification of the upper male body shapes. It is realized that the angular difference of 10 ° between the CW and HW angles results in the more prominent classification of the upper male body. The proposed body classification technique classifies the sample of 241 males into three body shapes that are, straight (61%), hourglass (36.51%), and torch shape (2.48%). The classification scheme proposed in this study is a step toward achieving a high degree of customer satisfaction regarding clothing fit. It is a reference for coming research in body shape classification to achieve clothing fit in customized clothing.
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, Chemical technology
Mona Knoblich, Mohammad Al Ktash, Frank Wackenhut
et al.
Cotton contamination by honeydew is considered one of the significant problems for quality in textiles as it causes stickiness during manufacturing. Therefore, millions of dollars in losses are attributed to honeydew contamination each year. This work presents the use of UV hyperspectral imaging (225–300 nm) to characterize honeydew contamination on raw cotton samples. As reference samples, cotton samples were soaked in solutions containing sugar and proteins at different concentrations to mimic honeydew. Multivariate techniques such as a principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLS-R) were used to predict and classify the amount of honeydew at each pixel of a hyperspectral image of raw cotton samples. The results show that the PCA model was able to differentiate cotton samples based on their sugar concentrations. The first two principal components (PCs) explain nearly 91.0% of the total variance. A PLS-R model was built, showing a performance with a coefficient of determination for the validation (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup><sub>cv</sub>) = 0.91 and root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) = 0.036 g. This PLS-R model was able to predict the honeydew content in grams on raw cotton samples for each pixel. In conclusion, UV hyperspectral imaging, in combination with multivariate data analysis, shows high potential for quality control in textiles.
Moncef Cherief, Ahmed Belaadi, Messaouda Boumaaza
et al.
New concepts of honeycomb structures were developed. These new cellular structures, known as honeycomb (HN), reentrant honeycomb (RE-HN) and silicomb (Silico) are made from new solid polymer matrix reinforced with natural fibers resulting in biocomposites that are innovative and sustainable for a variety of engineering applications. In order to elaborate these biocomposites structures, PLA (Polylactic Acid) molds were made using a 3D printer. Then, the flexural behavior of honeycomb, reentrant and silicomb structures reinforced by various natural fibers like flax, jute and sisal using various fibers volume fractions of 10, 20 and 30% was investigated. Taguchi plan (L9) experiments were conducted to determine how each factor affects bending stress, displacement and flexural modulus. Bending stress values varied from 24.66 to 36.53 MPa while flexural modulus values from 3.58 to 17.17 GPa. Moreover, it was found that fiber volume fraction had significant influence on flexural properties and on fracture resistance. The silicomb structure has a higher load capacity than the honeycomb and reentrant structures. In fact, this type of biocomposite structure with low density and good mechanical properties are intended for many packaging and furnishing applications with a lower impact on the environment.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
Allium sativum fiber has a high cellulose content of 69.82% and a low density of 1.32 g/cc. In the present study, various chemical treatments, namely, alkaline, benzoylation, and acetylation were carried out to enhance its properties. The effect of chemical treatments on the fiber and its effect on various properties of the brake pad is studied. Allium sativum raw fiber (ASRaw), alkaline-treated (ASa), benzoylation-treated (ASb), and acetylation treated-fibers (ASac) were reinforced for about 8 wt.% in the brake pads that were manufactured using compression molding and named as AS1, AS2, AS3, and AS4, respectively. The thermal degradation of the fiber is evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and is observed the thermal stability from 340°C to 359°C, 360°C, and 378°C, respectively. From X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was found that acetylation-treated fiber had shown a crystallinity index (CI) of 35.86% with a tensile strength of 723.28 ± 2.7 MPa. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the organic substance behavior and surface morphology. The physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the brake pads were carried out as per industrial standards.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
In the present work, the jute fiber and basalt fiber mats (geo-grid) reinforced with epoxy hybrid composite material were prepared in a laboratory by using hand layup technique. The influence of the stacking sequence on physico-mechanical properties of hybrid composite materials was experimentally investigated as per the ASTM standards. The moisture content in the hybrid composite was slightly on higher side as compared to the simple composite (six layers of jute). The tensile strength of the hybrid composite (two layers of jute) was enhanced by 20% as compared to the simple composite. It was observed that the hybrid composite shows high strain (4.5%) and large extension (13.5 mm) in the flexural test as compared to that of simple composite.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
The relationship between a quality of activated sludge microbiota and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operational stability has been defined in the past few decades. However, this dependence is not so clear in the case of industrial wastewater treatment. In this article, a very specific example of industrial textile wastewater treatment plant (ITWTP) is analyzed. Textile effluents are well known as highly contaminated wastewater containing many biodegradable compounds. Microscopic analysis included flocs morphology examination, attempts to evaluate the Sludge Biotic Index (SBI), and identification of dominant filamentous microorganisms. Routine operational control of ITWTP covered pH, temperature, redox potential, dissolved oxygen and COD measurements. The average ecosystem existing in the described ITWTP differed significantly compared to municipal WWTPs. The flocs were smaller and irregular. Filamentous bacteria did not cause foaming although filaments index reached 4. Nostocoida limicola I dominated with significant amounts of type 0041 and type 021N. The evaluation of SBI was impossible as the most of protozoan was in the form of cysts. The overall microbiota diversity correlated with COD removal in activated sludge unit of ITWTP.
Reliability prediction of spinning machines can result in a time-saving and cost-saving development process with high reliability. Based on an analysis of failure times among systems and subsystems, a simulation method for reliability prediction of spinning machines is proposed by using the Monte Carlo simulation model. Firstly, factor weights are determined according to the fuzzy scoring and analytic hierarchy process. According to the status of reliability growth, growth coefficients are proposed based on reliability influencing factor weights and fuzzy scoring. To achieve the prediction of reliability distribution law, reliability index, and fault frequency, the reliability prediction model is constituted by combining the reliability growth coefficient and the Monte Carlo simulation model. Simulation results for spinning machines are obtained via the model thus built, which are confirmed with a practical example.
Fabrication and characterization of keratin films extracted from waste Merino wool fiber using two different methods and three different pH concentrations is the main focus of this study. Also, wool keratin (WK) loaded polymer surfaces were fabricated. The chemical, structural and morphological characteristics of keratin extracted from aqueous solutions were analyzed and compared for both methods. It is concluded that optimized results in this study could contribute in future research studies to select the parameters and methods to extract keratin films from recyclable wool fibers. Also, WK loaded nanofibrous films could be potential in filtration, air purification and tissue engineering.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
P. Manimaran, M. R. Sanjay, P. Senthamaraikannan
et al.
Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NRPCs) are replacing many synthetic fibers because of their cheap availability and their hygienic, ecological, biodegradable, and sustainable properties. This work involved extraction of new cellulosic fibers from red banana peduncle (RBP) plant and investigated its chemical composition, physical, structural, thermal, and tensile properties. RBP fibers (RBPFs) have high specific strength and good binding properties due to their light weight andpresence of high cellulose (72.9 wt%), low lignin (10.01 wt%), and wax (0.32 wt%). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) determined that RBPFs are rich in cellulose content with a crystallinity index (CI) of 72.3%. The density and diameter of the fibers were found to be about 0.896 g/cm3 and 15–250 μm, respectively. The fiber was thermally stable up to 230°C. Based on the results of this work, it seems that the properties of the fiber are a suitable candidate as a natural reinforcing material for the development of the biocomposite for potential applications.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
Kudzu is cosmopolitan and low-cost as a source of fiber, food, medicine, and fuel. However, it is not well utilized as a kind of fiber due to the degumming problem. In order to take full advantage of the kudzu resource in the world and expand the application field of kudzu fiber, this study deals with preparation of kudzu fiber by combined steam explosion and chemical degumming. Kudzu fibers are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. It is found that kudzu fiber after combined degumming has a clean surface with most nonfibrous composition removed and fibers dispersed; the cellulose I structure of kudzu cellulose did not change after treatment but its crystallinity increased. These results suggest this combined degumming is feasible for preparing kudzu fiber. It will probably provide theoretical basis for subsequent utilization of kudzu fibers.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.