Yogi Imam Perdana, Satria Tenun Syahputra, Dapit Amril
et al.
This article aims to analyze the acceptance of the concept of shura in the Qur'an in Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra. Here, the concept of syura has been adapted into a leadership philosophy called tungku tigo sajarangan. Where did this philosophy originate, and how did the community accept the concept of syura, which was transformed into the tungku tigo sajarangan philosophy? This study uses a qualitative method, with data collected from two sources: literature and field data. Literature data was collected from various references discussing the concept of shura in the Qur'an, while field data was obtained from research subjects in West Sumatra. The method used was a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach and acceptance theory introduced by Ahmad Rafiq as an analytical tool to track informative and performative sources from texts and practices, as well as to observe the process of transmission of a practice and its transformation within society. This study found that the philosophy of tungku tigo sajarangan, which teaches about the deliberation procedure in Tanah Datar, was informatively transmitted from the concept of shura found in QS. Ali Imran [3]: 159 and QS. As-Syura [42]: 38. Performatively, it is transmitted from the form of deliberative practice carried out by the Prophet and his Companions in the books of interpretation and history. Then, the deliberative practice was transformed by the people of Tanah Datar into a philosophy of custom, namely the philosophy of tungku tigo sajarangan.
Religious ethics, Religions. Mythology. Rationalism
When large language models make ethical judgments, do their internal representations distinguish between normative frameworks, or collapse ethics into a single acceptability dimension? We probe hidden representations across five ethical frameworks (deontology, utilitarianism, virtue, justice, commonsense) in six LLMs spanning 4B--72B parameters. Our analysis reveals differentiated ethical subspaces with asymmetric transfer patterns -- e.g., deontology probes partially generalize to virtue scenarios while commonsense probes fail catastrophically on justice. Disagreement between deontological and utilitarian probes correlates with higher behavioral entropy across architectures, though this relationship may partly reflect shared sensitivity to scenario difficulty. Post-hoc validation reveals that probes partially depend on surface features of benchmark templates, motivating cautious interpretation. We discuss both the structural insights these methods provide and their epistemological limitations.
ABSTRACT This article challenges Reinhold Niebuhr’s depiction of Augustine as a political realist. Although Augustine was a realist concerning the forces that shape political life, he was an idealist in his social ethics. He considered the Sermon on the Mount relevant for political action, and he thought the same principles should govern Christians in both private and public life. To defend this interpretation, I analyze Augustine’s treatments of war, capital punishment, and torture. I then contrast his ethics with two kingdoms theology and the theory of dirty hands. A final section analyzes his understanding of role‐specific responsibilities. As I argue, Augustine does not offer a general approbation of harsh practices; he endorses benevolent severity, according to which external harshness can express internal love.
This study investigates how religious soundscapes mediate historical trauma in Snow in Midsummer (2023), directed by Malaysian Chinese filmmaker Chong Keat Aun. Focusing on Ah Eng's auditory journey to locate the graves of her father and brother lost in the 1969 May 13 Incident, the film interweaves personal grief, collective memory, and spectral presence. The research applies a sound-oriented close textual analysis, in which auditory events are systematically annotated and archived with timecodes, categorized into religious, spectral, and environmental sounds, and then examined through semiotic and contextual analysis. Interdisciplinary theories from trauma studies, sound anthropology, and religious aesthetics, together with Malay-language historical materials, inform the interpretations. The analysis reveals that sonic elements such as the adhan, Buddhist bells, and Taoist rituals transcend multicultural reflection by generating a cross-cultural acoustic space that resists political amnesia. In doing so, the film stages a form of sonic memory work where mourning converges with resistance and ritual with historical critique, offering an ethics of listening rooted in spiritual hybridity and emotional resonance that allows the voices of the dead to reverberate within Malaysia's postcolonial soundscape.
Muhammad Choirin, Fakhrul Adabi Abdul Kadir, Anis Setiyanti
et al.
Over the past decade, the proliferation of digital platforms has significantly transformed the landscape of Islamic preaching, giving rise to what is now widely referred to as Digital Da’wah. Despite existing studies on content and communication strategies, few have systematically mapped the global scholarly trends in Digital Da’wah. This study addresses that gap through a comprehensive bibliometric review. It presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global scholarly output on Digital Da’wah between 2013 and 2025, aiming to identify research trends, influential authors, collaborative networks, and thematic evolution within the field. Utilizing data from the Scopus database, the analysis employs tools such as Biblioshiny and the R programme to generate visual mappings of keyword co-occurrence, citation patterns, and thematic clusters. To interpret thematic shifts, this study employs frameworks from Islamic communication theory and digital sociology, offering insights into how da’wah adapts to digital contexts. The results reveal a steady increase in scholarly attention toward topics such as social media da’wah, digital Islamic communication, online religious authority, and youth engagement in Islamic content. Additionally, the study uncovers the geographical distribution of publications, with significant contributions from Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Western academia. Thematic evolution analysis indicates a shift from early focus on content production and media ethics to recent concerns about algorithmic visibility, digital literacy, and da’wah effectiveness in virtual spaces. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how Digital Da’wah has evolved as an academic field and offers insights for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers involved in Islamic communication and media studies.
Dalam satu dekade terakhir, perubahan platform digital telah secara signifikan mengubah lanskap da'wah Islam, yang kini dikenal luas sebagai da'wah Digital. Meskipun sejumlah studi telah membahas konten dan strategi komunikasi dalam da'wah digital, kajian yang secara sistematis memetakan tren keilmuan global dalam bidang ini masih terbatas. Studi ini mengisi kekosongan tersebut melalui tinjauan bibliometrik yang komprehensif. Penelitian ini menganalisis output keilmuan global tentang da'wah Digital pada rentang waktu 2013 hingga 2025, dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi tren penelitian, penulis berpengaruh, jaringan kolaboratif, serta evolusi tematik dalam bidang ini. Data diambil dari basis data Scopus, dan dianalisis menggunakan alat seperti Biblioshiny dan program R untuk menghasilkan pemetaan visual keterkaitan kata kunci, pola sitasi, dan klaster tematik. Untuk menafsirkan pergeseran tematik, studi ini menggunakan kerangka teori komunikasi Islam dan sosiologi digital, guna memahami bagaimana da'wah beradaptasi dalam konteks digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan perhatian akademik terhadap topik seperti da'wah melalui media sosial, komunikasi Islam digital, otoritas keagamaan daring, dan keterlibatan pemuda dalam konten keislaman. Studi ini juga mengungkap distribusi geografis publikasi, dengan kontribusi signifikan dari Asia Tenggara, Timur Tengah, dan kalangan akademik Barat. Analisis evolusi tematik menunjukkan pergeseran dari fokus awal pada produksi konten dan etika media, menuju isu-isu mutakhir seperti visibilitas algoritmik, literasi digital, dan efektivitas da'wah di ruang virtual. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang perkembangan da'wah Digital sebagai bidang kajian akademik serta menawarkan wawasan bagi akademisi, praktisi, dan pembuat kebijakan dalam studi komunikasi dan media Islam.
The rise of autonomous AI agents, capable of perceiving, reasoning, and acting independently, signals a profound shift in how digital ecosystems operate, govern, and evolve. As these agents proliferate beyond centralized infrastructures, they expose foundational gaps in identity, accountability, and ethical alignment. Three critical questions emerge: Identity: Who or what is the agent? Accountability: Can its actions be verified, audited, and trusted? Ethical Consensus: Can autonomous systems reliably align with human values and prevent harmful emergent behaviors? We present the novel LOKA Protocol (Layered Orchestration for Knowledgeful Agents), a unified, systems-level architecture for building ethically governed, interoperable AI agent ecosystems. LOKA introduces a proposed Universal Agent Identity Layer (UAIL) for decentralized, verifiable identity; intent-centric communication protocols for semantic coordination across diverse agents; and a Decentralized Ethical Consensus Protocol (DECP) that could enable agents to make context-aware decisions grounded in shared ethical baselines. Anchored in emerging standards such as Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs), Verifiable Credentials (VCs), and post-quantum cryptography, LOKA proposes a scalable, future-resilient blueprint for multi-agent AI governance. By embedding identity, trust, and ethics into the protocol layer itself, LOKA proposes the foundation for a new era of responsible, transparent, and autonomous AI ecosystems operating across digital and physical domains.
Alexander E. Zarebski, Nefel Tellioglu, Jessica E. Stockdale
et al.
Decisions on public health interventions to control infectious disease are often informed by computational models. Interpreting the predicted outcomes of a public health decision requires not only high-quality modelling, but also an ethical framework for assessing the benefits and harms associated with different options. The design and specification of ethical frameworks matured independently of computational modelling, so many values recognised as important for ethical decision-making are missing from computational models. We demonstrate a proof-of-concept approach to incorporate multiple public health values into the evaluation of a simple computational model for vaccination against a pathogen such as SARS-CoV-2. By examining a bounded space of alternative prioritisations of values (outcome equity and aggregate benefit) we identify value trade-offs, where the outcomes of optimal strategies differ depending on the ethical framework. This work demonstrates an approach to incorporating diverse values into decision criteria used to evaluate outcomes of models of infectious disease interventions.
Kenya S. Andrews, Deborah Dormah Kanubala, Kehinde Aruleba
et al.
Course syllabi set the tone and expectations for courses, shaping the learning experience for both students and instructors. In computing courses, especially those addressing fairness and ethics in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and algorithmic design, it is imperative that we understand how approaches to navigating barriers to fair outcomes are being addressed.These expectations should be inclusive, transparent, and grounded in promoting critical thinking. Syllabus analysis offers a way to evaluate the coverage, depth, practices, and expectations within a course. Manual syllabus evaluation, however, is time-consuming and prone to inconsistency. To address this, we developed a justice-oriented scoring rubric and asked a large language model (LLM) to review syllabi through a multi-perspective role simulation. Using this rubric, we evaluated 24 syllabi from four perspectives: instructor, departmental chair, institutional reviewer, and external evaluator. We also prompted the LLM to identify thematic trends across the courses. Findings show that multiperspective evaluation aids us in noting nuanced, role-specific priorities, leveraging them to fill hidden gaps in curricula design of AI/ML and related computing courses focused on fairness and ethics. These insights offer concrete directions for improving the design and delivery of fairness, ethics, and justice content in such courses.
As Large Language Models increasingly mediate human communication and decision-making, understanding their value expression becomes critical for research across disciplines. This work presents the Ethics Engine, a modular Python pipeline that transforms psychometric assessment of LLMs from a technically complex endeavor into an accessible research tool. The pipeline demonstrates how thoughtful infrastructure design can expand participation in AI research, enabling investigators across cognitive science, political psychology, education, and other fields to study value expression in language models. Recent adoption by University of Edinburgh researchers studying authoritarianism validates its research utility, processing over 10,000 AI responses across multiple models and contexts. We argue that such tools fundamentally change the landscape of AI research by lowering technical barriers while maintaining scientific rigor. As LLMs increasingly serve as cognitive infrastructure, their embedded values shape millions of daily interactions. Without systematic measurement of these value expressions, we deploy systems whose moral influence remains uncharted. The Ethics Engine enables the rigorous assessment necessary for informed governance of these influential technologies.
Austin Shouli, Ankur Barthwal, Molly Campbell
et al.
The rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in digital platforms used by youth has created significant challenges related to privacy, autonomy, and data protection. While AI-driven personalization offers enhanced user experiences, it often operates without clear ethical boundaries, leaving young users vulnerable to data exploitation and algorithmic biases. This paper presents a call to action for ethical AI governance, advocating for a structured framework that ensures youth-centred privacy protections, transparent data practices, and regulatory oversight. We outline key areas requiring urgent intervention, including algorithmic transparency, privacy education, parental data-sharing ethics, and accountability measures. Through this approach, we seek to empower youth with greater control over their digital identities and propose actionable strategies for policymakers, AI developers, and educators to build a fairer and more accountable AI ecosystem.
Ensuring that Large Language Models (LLMs) align with the diverse and evolving human values across different regions and cultures remains a critical challenge in AI ethics. Current alignment approaches often yield superficial conformity rather than genuine ethical understanding, failing to address the complex, context-dependent nature of human values. In this paper, we propose a novel ethical reasoning paradigm for LLMs inspired by well-established ethical decision-making models, aiming at enhancing diverse human value alignment through deliberative ethical reasoning. Our framework consists of a structured five-step process, including contextual fact gathering, hierarchical social norm identification, option generation, multiple-lens ethical impact analysis, and reflection. This theory-grounded approach guides LLMs through an interpretable reasoning process that enhances their ability to understand regional specificities and perform nuanced ethical analysis, which can be implemented with either prompt engineering or supervised fine-tuning methods. We perform evaluations on the SafeWorld benchmark that specially designed for regional value alignment. Experimental results demonstrate our framework significantly improves LLM alignment with diverse human values compared to baseline methods, enabling more accurate social norm identification and more culturally appropriate reasoning. Our work provides a concrete pathway toward developing LLMs that align more effectively with the multifaceted values of global societies through interdisciplinary research.
The rapid advancement of generative AI has enabled the creation of pre-mortem digital twins, AI-driven replicas that mimic the behavior, personality, and knowledge of living individuals. These digital doppelgangers serve various functions, including enhancing productivity, enabling creative collaboration, and preserving personal legacies. However, their development raises critical ethical, legal, and societal concerns. Issues such as identity fragmentation, psychological effects on individuals and their social circles, and the risks of unauthorized cloning and data exploitation demand careful examination. Additionally, as these AI clones evolve into more autonomous entities, concerns about consent, ownership, and accountability become increasingly complex. This paper differentiates pre-mortem AI clones from post-mortem generative ghosts, examining their unique ethical and legal implications. We explore key challenges, including the erosion of personal identity, the implications of AI agency, and the regulatory gaps in digital rights and privacy laws. Through a research-driven approach, we propose a framework for responsible AI governance, emphasizing identity preservation, consent mechanisms, and autonomy safeguards. By aligning technological advancements with societal values, this study contributes to the growing discourse on AI ethics and provides policy recommendations for the ethical deployment of pre-mortem AI clones.
Over the past decade, an ecosystem of measures has emerged to evaluate the social and ethical implications of AI systems, largely shaped by high-level ethics principles. These measures are developed and used in fragmented ways, without adequate attention to how they are situated in AI systems. In this paper, we examine how existing measures used in the computing literature map to AI system components, attributes, hazards, and harms. Our analysis draws on a scoping review resulting in nearly 800 measures corresponding to 11 AI ethics principles. We find that most measures focus on four principles - fairness, transparency, privacy, and trust - and primarily assess model or output system components. Few measures account for interactions across system elements, and only a narrow set of hazards is typically considered for each harm type. Many measures are disconnected from where harm is experienced and lack guidance for setting meaningful thresholds. These patterns reveal how current evaluation practices remain fragmented, measuring in pieces rather than capturing how harms emerge across systems. Framing measures with respect to system attributes, hazards, and harms can strengthen regulatory oversight, support actionable practices in industry, and ground future research in systems-level understanding.
Junfeng Jiao, Saleh Afroogh, Abhejay Murali
et al.
This study establishes a novel framework for systematically evaluating the moral reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) as they increasingly integrate into critical societal domains. Current assessment methodologies lack the precision needed to evaluate nuanced ethical decision-making in AI systems, creating significant accountability gaps. Our framework addresses this challenge by quantifying alignment with human ethical standards through three dimensions: foundational moral principles, reasoning robustness, and value consistency across diverse scenarios. This approach enables precise identification of ethical strengths and weaknesses in LLMs, facilitating targeted improvements and stronger alignment with societal values. To promote transparency and collaborative advancement in ethical AI development, we are publicly releasing both our benchmark datasets and evaluation codebase at https://github.com/ The-Responsible-AI-Initiative/LLM_Ethics_Benchmark.git.
Shalini Chakraborty, Lola Burgueño, Nathalie Moreno
et al.
Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly gaining momentum in software modeling education, embraced by both students and educators. As GenAI assists with interpreting requirements, formalizing models, and translating students' mental models into structured notations, it increasingly shapes core learning outcomes such as domain comprehension, diagrammatic thinking, and modeling fluency without clear ethical oversight or pedagogical guidelines. Yet, the ethical implications of this integration remain underexplored. In this paper, we conduct a systematic literature review across six major digital libraries in computer science (ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Web of Science). Our aim is to identify studies discussing the ethical aspects of GenAI in software modeling education, including responsibility, fairness, transparency, diversity, and inclusion among others. Out of 1,386 unique papers initially retrieved, only three explicitly addressed ethical considerations. This scarcity highlights the critical absence of ethical discourse surrounding GenAI in modeling education and raises urgent questions about the responsible integration of AI in modeling curricula, as well as it evinces the pressing need for structured ethical frameworks in this emerging educational landscape. We examine these three studies and explore the emerging research opportunities as well as the challenges that have arisen in this field.
Instagram is a crowded arena with various information flows, from entertainment to religious content. In the religious context, narratives about da'wah in Indonesia have persuasive content, but some are provocative. Ideally, provocative narratives in social media preaching must be defeated by persuasive preaching. In this paper, there is a da'wah figure who moves the Islamic narrative of the school of love (Islam Mazhab Cinta), namely Husain Jafar Al-Hadar @husein_hadar. Specifically, this article highlights one of its contents on March 5, 2022, with the caption “Jika Kau Baca Buku, Pasti Kau Letakkan Senjata". This paper answers how the Islam Mazhab Cinta for Husein Jafar Al-Hadar through the perspective of meaning and media in the content. In addition, this paper reveals the extent of Husain Jafar Al-Hadar's message of peace through Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic analysis and structuralism. As well as what is the meaning of the denotation and connotation of the books and weapons in the content. From the theory and conceptual frame, it can be analyzed that the upload shows a message of peace following the social routines and da'wah activities that he advocates, namely theislam Mazhab Cinta. Finally, it can be said that the core of Husein Jafar Al-Hadar's Mazhab Cinta is the application of religious values related to faith, religious rituals or worship, and also the ethics of muamalah with the principles of maqashid sharia. In the context of worship, the aspect that is of concern is not only the matter of fiqh law and the procedures for its implementation but also paying attention to the inner meaning which impacts a life of harmony and love.
Fatima Asif, Fatima Sohail, Zuhaib Hussain Butt
et al.
This review paper investigates the diverse functions of ethical hacking within modern cybersecurity. By integrating current research, it analyzes the progression of ethical hacking techniques,their use in identifying vulnerabilities and conducting penetration tests, and their influence on strengthening organizational security. Additionally, the paper discusses the ethical considerations, legal contexts and challenges that arises with ethical hacking. This review ultimately enhances the understanding of how ethical hacking can bolster cybersecurity defenses.
Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit surprisingly diverse risk preferences when acting as AI decision makers, a crucial characteristic whose origins remain poorly understood despite their expanding economic roles. We analyze 50 LLMs using behavioral tasks, finding stable but diverse risk profiles. Alignment tuning for harmlessness, helpfulness, and honesty significantly increases risk aversion, causally increasing risk aversion confirmed via comparative difference analysis: a ten percent ethics increase cuts risk appetite two to eight percent. This induced caution persists against prompts and affects economic forecasts. Alignment enhances safety but may also suppress valuable risk taking, revealing a tradeoff risking suboptimal economic outcomes. With AI models becoming more powerful and influential in economic decisions while alignment grows increasingly critical, our empirical framework serves as an adaptable and enduring benchmark to track risk preferences and monitor this crucial tension between ethical alignment and economically valuable risk-taking.
Riska Nuriyani, Sri Artati Waluyati, Dahlia Dahlia
In the 21st Century, the independent learning curriculum is in the spotlight for the world of education, the learning process of students is required to be more active and teachers are required to be able to meet the needs of students and increase the potential of students such as talents, interests and creativity. One solution to meet the needs of students is the application of differentiated learning. Differentiated learning aims to provide facilities for the diversity of students based on the learning needs and characteristics of students. This study aims to determine whether the application of content and product differentiation learning can increase student learning activity and creativity. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) using a qualitative approach. The research results obtained are increased activity and creativity of students from the implementation of differentiated learning content and products using cooperative learning models, while judging from the results of observations, students as a whole are very actively involved during the learning process, making products to show the results of their discussions in front of the class.
ABSTRAK
Pada Abad -21 kurikulum merdeka belajar menjadi sorotan bagi dunia pendidikan, proses kegiatan pembelajaran peserta didik dituntut untuk lebih aktif dan guru dituntut untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan peserta didik serta meningkatkan potensi pada peserta didik seperti bakat, minat dan kreativitas. Salah satu solusi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan peserta didik yaitu dengan menerapkan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi bertujuan untuk memberikan fasilitas keberagaman peserta didik berdasarkan kebutuhan belajar dan karakteristik peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi konten dan produk dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan kreativitas belajar peserta didik. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu meningkatnya keaktifan dan kreativitas belajar peserta didik dari pelaksanaan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi konten dan produk dengan menggunakan model cooperative learning sedangkan dilihat dari hasil observasi peserta didik secara keseluruhan terlibat sangat aktif saat proses pembelajaran, membuat produk hingga mempresentasikan hasil diskusinya di depan kelas.
Research Problem: This review aims to explore the dynamic relationship between religion and policymaking, tracing its historical roots and examining its contemporary manifestations. It seeks to understand how religious beliefs, institutions, and ideologies have influenced public policy throughout history and continue to shape governance and societal norms.
Research Purposes: The primary purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate interplay between religion and policy. It aims to synthesize historical and contemporary studies through a rigorous analytical framework to shed light on the ongoing dialogue between faith and governance in the modern world.
Research Methods: Methodologically, this review employs a systematic research method to explore the relationship between religion and policymaking. It utilizes a rigorous analytical framework to synthesize historical and contemporary studies, drawing upon a robust research methodology to enhance understanding of this complex relationship.
Results and Discussion: The review delves into the evolving ways in which religious beliefs, institutions, and ideologies have impacted public policy throughout history. It discusses their enduring influence in shaping governance and societal norms, offering insights into the ongoing dialogue between faith and governance in the modern world.
Research Implications and Contributions: This review provides valuable insights into the relationship between religion and policymaking, offering a comprehensive overview of its historical roots and contemporary manifestations. By synthesizing historical and contemporary studies, it enhances understanding of the complex interplay between religion and policy, contributing to ongoing dialogue and research in this field.