Abstract Functionalism has been increasingly challenged by legal comparatists questioning its nature and suitability. These epistemologically-focused critiques have effectively dichotomised modern comparative law methods, leaving two undertheorised possibilities, namely, the functionalist model—understood in conventional positivist (and substance-ontic) lexes—and emergent postmodern approaches as typified by Pierre Legrand’s system of ‘negative comparative law’ protocols. This article explores an often-neglected alternative grounded in process-relational philosophy. As shown by re-examining Ernst Rabel’s original model, its central claim is that a synthesis of early functionalist theory and process-relational principles exposes postmodern critiques as imprecise and overstated—arguably misconceiving key notions of ‘difference’ and ‘similarity’, and consequently failing to appreciate how greater awareness of the correct order and relationships between levels of abstraction can enhance the nature and possibilities of comparative legal knowledge.
В статье прослеживается зарождение и эволюция правовой системы Кыргызской Республики. Показано влияние национального менталитета на источники права и юридическую практику в даннойстране на протяжении столетий. Автор утверждает, что нельзя однозначно судить о том, чья правоваякультура оказалась выше — оседлых племен или кочевых — на территории нынешнего Кыргызстана.Образ жизни влиял на уровень правовой культуры народа, но неоднозначно. Оседлое население имело свою развитую правовую культуру — они сумели создать инфраструктуру жизнеспособных городов, завели судебную систему, поддерживали порядок в многочисленных ремесленных мастерскихи на строительстве оросительных систем. Культурной обработке подвергались даже склоны предгорий, куда подводилась вода для полива через подготовленные арыки по крутым склонам гор. А кочевники научились воспроизводить уклад своей жизни в постоянных разъездах, ладить с соседнимиплеменами, успешно торговать, регулировать денежное обращение.
Comparative law. International uniform law, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
The direction of theoretical thinking was previously outlined by dialectical materialism (the philosophy and methodology of Marxism), which established general principles of knowledge, including in the field of studying legal reality. After downplaying the importance of this scientific cognitive system, a situation of methodological chaos arose. Legal ideas (concepts, theories, doctrines) began to be formulated in isolation from each other, without any obvious common guidelines. Sometimes this led to positive results and the emergence of new original approaches, but it did not become a general rule. People began to talk more and more often about the crisis of domestic jurisprudence. Despite the bias of such statements, it is necessary to recognize the presence of certain problems: “endless interpretations” and “reinterpretations”. To achieve new results, it is necessary to improve cognitive tools and discover new facets of seemingly already familiar phenomena. In this capacity, it is proposed to pay attention to the underestimated epistemological potential of the “level” system of cognition. In a truncated form, it existed “in the shadow” of the previously mentioned scientific cognitive system, in some aspects it was part of it, but its instrumental capabilities in the field of jurisprudence were used very limitedly. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the epistemological potential of the “level-based” system of cognition of law in relation to the needs of legal science. Research methods: at the stage of collecting empirical information: abstraction, induction, empirical analysis; at the stage of theoretical understanding: idealization, constructive introduction of theoretical objects, logical reduction; at the metatheoretical level: general scientific and philosophical justification. As a result of the study: the logical structure of the “level-based” system of cognition of law was clarified in terms of: a) identifying its two sublevels: legal metaphenomena of the theoretical level and legal metaphenomena of the philosophical level; b) establishing a “border of meaning” that unites bordering levels of knowledge; it was proposed to introduce the term “legal metaphenomena” into scientific circulation; the cognitive potential of the “level” approach has been explored in the following issues: systematization of legal categories through the study of categorical relationships, interdisciplinary interaction, transdisciplinary approach, formation of an epistemological agenda.
Purpose: This paper is designed to address problems on commercial laws and illustrate sustainable development modellings of ethical decision-making and shariah jurisprudence method to interpret the statutory laws for renewable energies and develop an equation for exhibition of its economic impacts along with the 2050 planning of storage capacity for renewable power percentage of energy transition in relation to service of electricity demands. Methodology: Hamburg to Rotterdam Rules are legal instruments of commercial transactions pertaining to transportation laws of goods under agreements. Meanwhile, statutory interpretation serves as an illustration of legislative framework formulated for public welfare and safety, in harmony with constitutional laws. Electricity regulations are statutory laws for reflexive judgement of the laws of thermodynamics pertaining to mass conservation, momentum theorem, and energy equation concerning economics of the business environment. Findings: Green hydrogen is a technical product of concession for renewable energies. The paradigm shift to solar power is a form of energy transition to target carbon emission towards zero level through reduction of greenhouse gases. Sustainable development is a monetary framework of business innovations and marketing of goods and services. However, there are apparent limitations on these contract laws, hence, issues can be raised concerning environmental laws of business transactions pertaining to technological services. Recommendation: If green economy is the 2050 plan of energy transition, the pressure relative to viscosity of hydrogen power of solar energy must be developed congruent to Ideal Gas Law, exhibiting relativity to Euler and Lorenz number in connection with thermal conductivity and its resistance akin to viscosity.
La paz es un eje vertebrador para lograr el desarrollo sostenible y el progreso en las sociedades que conforman nuestra comunidad internacional. La necesidad de mantener vivo su estudio y los debates sobre la paz, en tiempos tan convulsos como los actuales, requiere revisar la construcción histórica del concepto de paz, la categoría analítica desligada de la guerra o de los conflictos o bien su articulación como un derecho de tercera generación, poniendo en valor la visión de los actores, la cultura de la paz y, desarrollos teóricos tanto en sentido multidisciplinar como interdisciplinar. Esta es la premisa básica del abordaje que inspira el volumen colectivo “El derecho a la paz y sus desarrollos en la historia” realizado en el Grupo de investigación “Historia de los Derechos Humanos” de la Universidad de Salamanca, coordinado por la Profesoras Dra. María de la Paz Pando y Dra. Elizabeth Manjarrés Ramos.
Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law, Comparative law. International uniform law
Recensión del libro Buzón, Rafael y Garza Onofre, Juan Jesús. La Escuela de Alicante. Argumentación jurídica y postpositivismo, Ciudad de México: Tirant lo Blanch, 2022.
Rodolfo Rafael Elizalde Castañeda, Héctor Hugo Flores Ramírez, Edwin Misael Castro Lorzo
El objetivo de este artículo fue investigar y analizar los delitos cibernéticos vigentes en Chile, México y Colombia, con el fin, primero, de estudiar sus ordenamientos jurídicos tendientes a regular estas nuevas formas delictivas; segundo, conocer cuáles son las semejanzas y diferencias que guardan los delitos cibernéticos en esos tres países; y, por último, determinar si en los inicios de la tercera década del siglo XXI, los tres países han adecuado su marco constitucional y legal a los términos establecidos en el Convenio sobre la Ciberdelincuencia 2001, celebrado en Budapest.
Durante los últimos años, las universidades españolas han desarrollado Protocolos para la prevención y la actuación frente al acoso sexual y por razón de orientación sexual. Una parte de estos Protocolos establece que los empleados públicos están obligados a poner en conocimiento de las autoridades universitarias la existencia de casos de acoso. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de los Protocolos omite esta obligación. En este artículo se analiza esta disparidad normativa. También se analizan los criterios legales y jurisprudenciales que fundamentan que los Protocolos hayan de incorporar la obligación de comunicar de los empleados públicos, como una obligación diferenciada de la obligación de denunciar.
В статье раскрыты и проанализированы дефиниции кадастровой стоимости, регламентированные действующим законодательством Российской Федерации, а также
предложенные авторами, изучающими проблемы определения данной величины. Автором
определены сферы влияния кадастровой стоимости в гражданском праве. Рассмотрены
примеры платежей и нормативно – правовых актов их регламентирующих, размер которых зависит от величины кадастровой стоимости. Также автором затронуты вопросы
справедливости установления кадастровой стоимости объекта недвижимости.
Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law, Civil law
<p>Los pueblos ocultos que aún habitan en la selva ecuatoriana están a punto de desaparecer. El Estado no acaba de reconocer su existencia y, por tanto, les ha negado su derecho a existir. Las principales amenazas: la extracción ilegal de madera en su territorio y la explotación petrolera, los tienen cercados, al borde del exterminio.<br />Las políticas conservacionistas con las que se llena la boca el Estado solo están en el papel. El Parque Nacional Yasuní, Reserva Mundial de Biosfera y Area Protegida y la Zona Intangible (denominada así la zona en la que está prohibida cualquier actividad extractiva) son vulneradas constantemente desde el propio Estado. Las fronteras de la «Zona Intangible» están marcadas por los límites de los bloques petroleros y, tierra adentro, la selva se ha vuelto caldo de cultivo de operaciones ilícitas, tala ilegal, reducto y guarida de colonos en busca de un tesoro: el cedro y la caoba. El discurso conservacionista se contrapone con la realidad. Existen un territorio que no debe ser tocado y dónde el único ausente es, precisamente, la autoridad que lo controla. Existen unas políticas de protección a los pueblos ocultos en el papel y hasta una oferta para evitar la extracción petrolera en la zona. Incluso existen unas medidas cautelares otorgadas por la Comisión Interamericana de los Derechos Humanos. Pero no existe quién ponga orden en el terreno mismo: no hay autoridad, no hay justicia, no hay ley que se cumpla en el territorio en el que habita el mayor tesoro intangible del Ecuador.</p><p><strong></strong><strong>Publicación en línea</strong>: 11 diciembre 2017</p>
Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law, Comparative law. International uniform law
Rodrigo Ghiringhelli de Azevedo, Luiza Correa de Magalhães Dutra, Osmar Antônio Belusso Júnior
et al.
O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar e trazer para discussão o diagnóstico das denúncias de violência policial recebidas pelo Centro de Referência em Direitos Humanos da Defensoria Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, em um primeiro momento foi realizado uma revisão bibliográfica do tema das agências policiais. Em seguida, apresentaremos os dados coletados na pesquisa de campo, quais sejam os procedimentos para apuração de danos individuais (PADINs), através dos quais o mencionado órgão buscou dar acolhimento e visibilidade às vítimas de violações oriundas das práticas policiais, bem como pressionar outros órgãos estatais visando a devida resposta institucional.
Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law, Political institutions and public administration (General)
Bambang Sugeng Ariadi S, Johan Wahyudi, Razky Akbar
The most important thing for any regulation judicial principle is simple, fast and low cost is to reduce the accumulation of cases in the Supreme Court. That is because, line with the increasing increasing number of incoming cases, and also that successfully terminated in the District Court and Court of Appeal, then the incoming number of decisions in the Supreme Court also increased and began to be a serious problem. In this regard, People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) seriously consider this and responded by provisions, that is TAP MPR No. VIII/MPR/2000 about of the Annual Report of State High Institutions at the Annual Session of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia in 2000 which one substance recommend that the Supreme Court immediately resolve pending lawsuits by increasing the number and quality of decisions and that the Supreme Court makes the rules o restrict the entry of cassation cases. Following up on the existence of the MPR decrees, he Supreme Court has issued several provisions n order to limit legal action in order to realize judicial principle is simple, fast and low cost, either in the form of the Supreme Court Rules (Perma) nor Supreme Court Circular Letter (Sema). This article is useful for know and understand how much has been the implementation judicial principle is simple, fast and low cost, in order to reduce the buildup of civil cases.
Private international law. Conflict of laws, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
O artigo abordaos aspectos que desencadeiam a violência de gênero contra a mulherna sociedade brasileira, bem como as conquistas feministas no âmbitolegislativo, em busca da igualdade de participação política damulher. A complexidade das relações interpessoais que perpassam aviolência de gênero contra a mulher em uma sociedade patriarcalexigem múltiplas ações estatais, no âmbito legislativo,educacional e cultural, como forma de diminuir a discriminaçãosofrida pelas mulheres nas esferas pública e privada. Por essarazão, ações afirmativas como as cotas eleitorais estabelecidaspela Lei nº 9.504/97 se fazem necessárias como instrumentosreguladores na diminuição de desigualdades entre homens e mulheres. Através de revisão bilbiográfica de autores feministas,buscar-se-á demonstrar que a lei referida se coaduna com o Princípioda Igualdade.
O presente artigo possui como tema o “dano ao projeto de vida”, um novo conceito incorporado em matéria de reparações a graves violações de direitos humanos. O objetivo será analisar o surgimento e percurso deste dano na jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. A partir desta análise jurisprudêncial serão ressaltadas as dificuldades, bem como, a falta de uniformidade nas decisões da corte frente a casos que possuem características similares.
The comparative regulation of general principles of good governance in the laws and licensing related in Indonesia, to identify and assess the general principles of good governance which has been described in the licensing regulations in East Lombok and to analyze court decisions related dispute of application of general principles in good governance in the issuance of permits in eastern Lombok. By using statute approach, conceptual approach, comparative approach and case approach . The regulations of the general principles of good governance in the relevant licensing legislation in Indonesia is regulated in various ways with the terms and details of different . Furthermore, the regulations governing the licensing area in East Lombok has outlined eight general principles of good governance. While the procedures related to the issuance of permits in East Lombok is not yet fully guided by the general principles of good governance.<br />Keywords : Application, General Principles of Good Governance and Licensing<br /><br />
Islamic law, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
El presente artículo indaga sobre la categoría "democracia deliberativa" desde un enfoque prodominanemente conceptual y prescriptivo. Para el efecto, se realiza un recorrido intriductorio por algunos textos de autores considerados relevantes en el campo de la filosofía política y jurídica, se presentan nociones básicas de la democracia deliberativa. Para comenzar, se presentan nociones básicas de la democracia deliberativa. Posteriormente, se abordan algunas delas ideas centrales que constituyen la base conceptual de la categoría, desarrollada por Rawls y Habermas; asimismo se estudian algunas de las variables propuestas sobre el particular por Nino, Cohen y Bohman; se culmina con un cuadro comparativo construido por el autora partir de una recopilación hecha por Elster.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law