Hasil untuk "Gas industry"

A. Oztekin

We are circulating Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Draft Advisory Circular (AC), Guidance on the Extraction ofOil and Gas on Federally Obligated Airports, to interested industry associations to obtain comments on the proposed changes. Additionally, please provide justification for all comments and recommended modifications. We may revise the final document as a result of comments received and further review by the Office of Airport Planning and Programming.

Daniel Spreitzer, J. Schenk

This review focuses on the reduction of iron oxides using hydrogen as a reducing agent. Due to increasing requirements from environmental issues, a change of process concepts in the iron and steel industry is necessary within the next few years. Currently, crude steel production is mainly based on fossil fuels, and emitting of the climate‐relevant gas carbon dioxide is integral. One opportunity to avoid or reduce greenhouse gas emissions is substituting hydrogen for carbon as an energy source and reducing agent. Hydrogen, produced via renewable energies, allows carbon‐free reduction and avoids forming harmful greenhouse gases during the reduction process. The thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of reduction with hydrogen are summarized and discussed in this review. The effects of influencing parameters, such as temperature, type of iron oxide, grain size, etc. are shown and compared with the reduction behavior of iron oxides with carbon monoxide. Different methods to describe the kinetics of the reduction progress and the role of the apparent activation energy are shown and proofed regarding their plausibility.

Y. Khan, Haleema Sadia, Syed Zeeshan Ali Shah et al.

Nanoparticles typically have dimensions of less than 100 nm. Scientists around the world have recently become interested in nanotechnology because of its potential applications in a wide range of fields, including catalysis, gas sensing, renewable energy, electronics, medicine, diagnostics, medication delivery, cosmetics, the construction industry, and the food industry. The sizes and forms of nanoparticles (NPs) are the primary determinants of their properties. Nanoparticles’ unique characteristics may be explored for use in electronics (transistors, LEDs, reusable catalysts), energy (oil recovery), medicine (imaging, tumor detection, drug administration), and more. For the aforementioned applications, the synthesis of nanoparticles with an appropriate size, structure, monodispersity, and morphology is essential. New procedures have been developed in nanotechnology that are safe for the environment and can be used to reliably create nanoparticles and nanomaterials. This research aims to illustrate top-down and bottom-up strategies for nanomaterial production, and numerous characterization methodologies, nanoparticle features, and sector-specific applications of nanotechnology.

A. Baroutaji, T. Wilberforce, M. Ramadan et al.

The world energy consumption is greatly influenced by the aviation industry with a total energy consumption ranging between 2.5% and 5%. Currently, liquid fossil fuel, which releases various types of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, is the main fuel in the aviation industry. As the aviation industry grows rapidly to meet the requirements of the increased world population, the demand for environmentally friendly power technology for various applications in the aviation sector has been increased sharply in recent years. Among the various clean power sources, energy obtained from hydrogen is considered the future for energy generation in the aviation industry due to its cleanness and abundance. This paper aims to give an overview of the potential aviation applications where hydrogen and fuel cell technology can be used. Also, the major challenges that limit the wide adoption of hydrogen technology in aviation are highlighted and future research prospects are identified.

Lu Lu, J. Guest, C. Peters et al.

Luke Makarichi, W. Jutidamrongphan, K. Techato

Jingru Fu, Saikat Das, Guolong Xing et al.

The search for new types of membrane materials has been of continuous interest in both academia and industry, given their importance in a plethora of applications, particularly for energy-efficient separation technology. In this contribution, we demonstrate for the first time that a metal-organic framework (MOF) can be grown on the covalent-organic framework (COF) membrane to fabricate COF-MOF composite membranes. The resultant COF-MOF composite membranes demonstrate higher separation selectivity of H2/CO2 gas mixtures than the individual COF and MOF membranes. A sound proof for the synergy between two porous materials is the fact that the COF-MOF composite membranes surpass the Robeson upper bound of polymer membranes for mixture separation of a H2/CO2 gas pair and are among the best gas separation MOF membranes reported thus far.

H. Nguyen, R. Trestian, D. To et al.

Although many countries have started the initial phase of rolling out 5G, it is still in its infancy with researchers from both academia and industry facing the challenges of developing it to its full potential. With the support of artificial intelligence, development of digital transformation through the notion of a digital twin has been taking off in many industries such as smart manufacturing, oil and gas, construction, bio-engineering, and automotive. However, digital twins remain relatively new for 5G/6G networks, despite the obvious potential in helping develop and deploy the complex 5G environment. This article looks into these topics and discusses how digital twin could be a powerful tool to fulfill the potential of 5G networks and beyond.

S. Schwietzke, O. Sherwood, L. Bruhwiler et al.

J. Dickhout, J. Moreno, P. M. Biesheuvel et al.

Ildar Akhmetov, Abdugaffor Mirzoev

Background: In the global transition to low-carbon energy, hydrogen is becoming an important energy carrier. Adapting existing pipelines for hydrogen transportation can reduce costs and accelerate the development of hydrogen infrastructure. However, the use of pipelines in a hydrogen environment is associated with risks such as hydrogen embrittlement and metal cracking. Kazakhstan still lacks practical experience in the operation of hydrogen pipelines, which makes the task of assessing the technical condition of existing pipelines and their adaptation for operation with hydrogen urgen. Aim: To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the integrity of the pipeline operated in an aggressive hydrogen sulfide environment and to assess the possibility of its repurposing for hydrogen transportation taking into account international standards and methods of strength calculation. Materials and methods: The data of in-line inspection (ILI) including ultrasonic testing of wall thickness were used in the work. API 579 standards were used for defects assessment. Calculations were performed using NIMA software, which allows analyzing data on laminations and cracks in metal. Results: The analysis identified six sections with laminations, of which five were found to be acceptable for service at the current operating pressure of 75 bar. One defect (#6) was classified as unacceptable, requiring either immediate repair or a reduction in operating pressure to 52 bar. Conclusion: The study confirmed that conversion of existing gas pipelines for hydrogen transportation is feasible provided thorough diagnostics and compliance with international standards for strength assessment. Implementation of regular pipeline condition monitoring and development of a phased repair strategy to improve infrastructure reliability in hydrogen environment is recommended.

Jake Zappin, Trevor Stalnaker, Oscar Chaparro et al.

This position paper examines the substantial divide between academia and industry within quantum software engineering. For example, while academic research related to debugging and testing predominantly focuses on a limited subset of primarily quantum-specific issues, industry practitioners face a broader range of practical concerns, including software integration, compatibility, and real-world implementation hurdles. This disconnect mainly arises due to academia's limited access to industry practices and the often confidential, competitive nature of quantum development in commercial settings. As a result, academic advancements often fail to translate into actionable tools and methodologies that meet industry needs. By analyzing discussions within quantum developer forums, we identify key gaps in focus and resource availability that hinder progress on both sides. We propose collaborative efforts aimed at developing practical tools, methodologies, and best practices to bridge this divide, enabling academia to address the application-driven needs of industry and fostering a more aligned, sustainable ecosystem for quantum software development.

ZHU XIANGYU, YU WENQUAN, ZHANG JIANWEI et al.

The deep oil and gas exploration area serves as a crucial position for resource development in Subei Basin . However, challenges including generally poor physical properties of deep reservoirs, insufficient understanding of oil and gas enrichment mechanisms, and ineffective reservoir prediction to meet exploration demands have constrained the expansion of deep oil and gas exploration. To understand the enrichment mechanisms of deep oil and gas, develop key exploration technologies, and indicate future research directions, this paper focuses on the deep layers of Gaoyou and Jinhu Sags, which are rich in oil and gas resources. Firstly, by analyzing the exploration development trends and oil and gas resource potential in oil and gas enrichment Sags such as Gaoyou and Jinhu, along with physical characteristics and main controlling factors of deep reservoirs, it was believed that the deep oil and gas reservoirs in Gaoyou and Jinhu Sags were mainly characterized by low to extra-low porosity and permeability. Secondary pore was the main pore type, while primary pore occurred locally. Overall, as burial depth increased, the proportion of primary pores gradually decreased. Subsequently, based on the relationship between pores and pore throats, deep reservoirs were classified into four types of pore-throat structures: large intergranular pores and wide lamellar throats; small intergranular pores and narrow lamellar throats; intragranular dissolution pores and narrow lamellar throats; and micropores and tubular throats. The physical properties of deep reservoirs were generally poor, with locally developed favorable reservoirs. The factors influencing the physical properties of deep reservoirs were complex. Analysis suggests that sedimentary factors, diagenesis, tectonic activity, oil and gas injection, and abnormal formation pressures all significantly affected the physical properties of deep reservoirs, although the controlling factors and their effects varied across different regions. Secondly, investigations were conducted on the occurrence conditions, main controlling factors, and accumulation models of deep oil and gas. The occurrence conditions of oil and gass suggested that oil and gas migration and accumulation were controlled by the pressure systems and physical properties between source rocks and reservoirs, as well as between different reservoirs. Oil and gas accumulation occurred when migration forces overcame migration resistance. Microscopically, pore-throat structure determined the fluid occurrence state and permeability. Larger throat radii, lower pore-throat radius ratios, and smaller tortuosities led to enhanced pore-throat connectivity and higher reservoir permeability. Macroscopically, pressure increase with oil and gas generation provided the driving force for oil and gas migration and accumulation. The magnitude and direction of source-reservoir pressure difference decided the favorable trends for oil and gas migration and accumulation, controlling their favorable areas. In terms of the main controlling factors for oil and gas enrichment, it was believed that oil and gas accumulation and enrichment in deep reservoirs were jointly controlled by source-reservoir configuration, pressure increase with oil and gas generation, fault-sandstone carrier system, and reservoir physical properties. Three accumulation models for deep oil and gas enrichment were established: stepped accumulation driven by combined abnormal overpressure and buoyancy, accumulation via fault-sandstone carrier system driven by abnormal overpressure, and accumulation of early-stage oil and gas injection followed by later-stage compaction. These models elucidated the enrichment mechanisms of deep oil and gass. Based on the above, to address exploration challenges such as unclear reservoir distribution, undefined enrichment zones, and low identification accuracy of effective reservoirs, three breakthrough technologies were developed: (1) A facies-controlled index method for deep reservoir classification was developed based on “facies-controlled index, porosity-permeability characteristics, pore structures, and diagenetic facies”. Reservoir classification criteria were formulated, categorizing reservoirs into four grades. Effective reservoirs in deep layers were mainly grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The distribution of effective reservoirs in the deep layers was evaluated across key stratigraphic intervals, revealing the graded distribution of reservoirs in deep zones of the first and third member of Funing Formation, the third submember in the first member of Dainan Formation in Gaoyou Sag, and the second member of Funing Formation in Jinhu Sag. The favorable areas of effective reservoirs in the deep layers of each stratigraphic system in each Sag were finally determined. (2) Through the analysis of deep oil and gas enrichment mechanisms, and according to the dynamic conditions of oil and gas injection, models for calculating reservoir potential energy, fluid potential, and source-reservoir pressure differences were established. Subsequently, a model for calculating the reservoir injection potential energy index were established based on the above models. Finally, the obtained reservoir injection potential energy index was used to assess the probability of oil and gas accumulation, providing technical support for the selection of favorable oil and gas accumulation zones in deep layers. (3) Subaqueous distributary channels and beach-bar sand bodies were effective reservoirs for deep oil and gass. To address the challenge of effective reservoir prediction in thin sandstone-mudstone interbeds within favorable oil and gas accumulation zones in selected deep layers, an integrated technical suite for effective reservoir prediction was developed. This technique, tailored to different sand body types such as channels and beach bars, integrated pre-stack and post-stack multi-attribute analysis. It leveraged geological, petrophysical, seismic, statistical, and other disciplinary theories to provide a comprehensive approach to reservoir prediction. Based on the distinction between sandstone and mudstone, this suite included six techniques for reservoir prediction: effective reservoir modeling based on petrophysical analysis, post-stack multi-parameter inversion constraint method, pre-stack and post-stack joint inversion method, seismic attribute threshold analysis method, seismic multi-attribute neural network prediction method, and SP curve reconstruction for acoustic curve. These techniques collectively improved the prediction accuracy of effective reservoirs in deep layers. These research findings provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the expansion of deep oil and gas exploration. Significant exploration progress has been made in deep layers such as slope zones, fault zones, and deep sag zones, enabling the expansion of deep oil and gas exploration. In the future, the research directions for addressing challenges in deep oil and gas exploration are clarified, which are continuing to consolidate and expand deep exploration to support the increase in oilfield reserves and production.

Chongyan Li, Fuzhong Wang

Leo Thomas Ramos, Edmundo Casas, Francklin Rivas-Echeverría

This research presents the K-Pipelines dataset, a pioneering synthetic image collection designed specifically for the classification of corrosion in oil and gas pipelines. Instead of training custom generative architectures, our research used an online image generation tool powered by Stable Diffusion. This choice leveraged the platform’s robust capability to quickly produce a high volume of diverse and detailed images, saving significant time and resources. The dataset was carefully constructed using a sequence of refined prompts, derived from a review of pipeline characteristics including material types, environments, and corrosion forms. K-Pipelines consist of 600 PNG images of 512 × 512 resolution. Furthermore, an augmented version was developed, totaling 1080 images. Our evaluation employed state-of-the-art deep learning classifiers, specifically VGG16, ResNet50, EfficientNet, InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, and ConvNeXt-base, to test the integrity of the K-pipelines dataset. These models showcased its robustness by consistently achieving accuracies around the 90% mark, illustrating the dataset’s substantial promise as a resource for both AI research and real-world applications in the oil and gas industry. The dataset is publicly available for access and use within the scientific community.

Yanmiao HE, Yin HUANG, Xianglian YAN et al.

In order to support the "dual carbon" goals, adapt to the requirements of limiting the use of SF6 gas, and enhance the environmental friendliness of power grid equipment, research on the standardization of SF6 mixed gas and eco-friendly alternative gas equipment is conducted. Based on the current status of eco-friendly gas equipment research and application, the technical standards of SF6/N2 mixed gas equipment were reviewed. A standardization framework was established covering equipment materials, operation and maintenance, test and detection, instruments and meters. For eco-friendly alternative gas C4F7N equipment replacing SF6, a standardization framework was constructed, including gas performance detection technology and method, equipment operation and maintenance, test and detection, and recycling. Based on this, a standard system of SF6 mixed gas and eco-friendly alternative gas equipment was preliminarily proposed, consisting of six sub-branches consistent with the standard system of GIS equipment in power industry, reflecting the research direction of eco-friendly gas equipment standardization.

Yvan Castin

We present simple arguments suggesting that H. Biss et al [PRL 128, 100401 (2022)] did not measure with the required accuracy the low-wavenumber curvature of the acoustic excitation branch of the ground-state unitary Fermi gas. This difficult-to-calculate quantity is crucial for the relaxation dynamics of the gas at low temperature.

Jobish John, Md. Noor-A-Rahim, Aswathi Vijayan et al.

This paper explores the role that 5G, WiFi-7, and Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) can play in driving smart manufacturing as a fundamental part of the Industry 4.0 vision. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of each technology's application in industrial communications, with a focus on TSN and its key elements that enable reliable and secure communication in industrial networks. In addition, the paper includes a comparative study of these technologies, analyzing them based on a number of industrial use-cases, supported secondary applications, industry adoption, and current market trends. The paper concludes by highlighting the challenges and future directions for the adoption of these technologies in industrial networks and emphasizes their importance in realizing the Industry 4.0 vision within the context of smart manufacturing.

Liang Ming, Zhitao Wang, Jingkai Zhang et al.

Reducing carbon emissions is an urgent need in the field of marine power. Gas turbines are of great importance in the marine industry. The use of clean or industrial-associated fuels can increase the fuel adaptability of designed, manufactured, or in-service gas turbines to realize the goal of expanding fuel sources, reducing fuel waste, lowering energy demand, and remitting environmental pressure. By changing from fossil fuel to alternative energy, the change in the physical properties of the combustion products will lead to changes in the working medium of the turbines, which result in a profound effect on the performance. In this study, based on the actual law of working medium property change, the evolution mechanism of turbine characteristics is lucubrated in depth, focusing on the key parameters of the influence of working medium properties on turbine characteristics under alternative fuel conditions, and a correction method is proposed to predict the evolution law of the turbine characteristics as working medium varies.

Debby Ramadhanti, Muhammad Yonggi Puriza, Wahri Sunanda

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the commodities that is expected to increase the economic income of the community, especially plantation farmers. The palm oil industry in Bangka district in 2020 is 41.88 thousand tons. The production process of crude palm oil produces waste that has the potential to pollute the environment, namely solid waste and liquid waste. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) contains methane gas (CH4) which has the potential to be a source of energy that can be processed into biogas and solid waste in the form of shells, fiber, EFB has the potential to become biomass. The results obtained from the calculation of the total power that can be generated for 2.5 years of liquid waste (POME) is 6.9462 MW in the category of high heat waste, followed by solid waste (TKS) of 1.4881 MW, fiber waste of 0.9864 MW and shell waste of 0.5646 MW. The total CO2 emissions generated from the generator for 2.5 years for solid waste are 73893.63 tons of CO2 in the category of high-heat waste, and for liquid waste, it is 65867.09 tons of CO2.