Hasil untuk "Education (General)"

J. Mincer

M. Aitkin, N. Longford

A. E. Gottfried

D. Little

Xiuli Sun, Haizheng Li, Vivek Ghosal

Understanding the factors that may produce a sustained rate of innovation is important for promoting economic development and growth. In this paper, we examine the role of human capital in firms’ innovation by using a large sample of manufacturing firms from China. We use two firm-level datasets from China: one from metropolitan cities, and one from provincial small and medium sized cities. Patent applications are used as the measure of innovation. Human capital indicators used include skilled human capital (number of highly educated workers), general manager’s education and tenure, and management team’s education and age. We find that skilled human capital has a significant positive effect on firms’ innovation, while the management team’s age has a significant negative effect on innovation. The General Manager’s tenure plays a significant positive role in firm innovation in metropolitan cities, while it is the General Manager’s education that has a positive and significant effect on firms’ innovation in small and middle cities. We also find that the effect of R&D on patents is insignificant for firms in large cities, but it is positive and significant in the smaller and medium sized cities. We conclude by noting some policy issues for promoting innovation in developing economies.

Kai Wang, Chuyuan Gao, Zhaofeng Zhu et al.

Abstract Skin converts multisensory stimuli into bioelectrical signals through cutaneous receptors and then transmits them to the central nervous system (CNS), implementing an analog-digital response to perceive the environment. However, target engagement components that access multisensory stimuli face significant challenges in multimodal interaction, especially the intrinsic decoupling in stretchable heterogeneous integrating systems and the dimensional broadening in traditional human five sensations. In this work, we propose a passive wireless multimodal self-decoupling methodology paradigm to optimize the signal scheduling of systems and broaden the cognitive dimensions of humans, which engages the strategic configuration of symmetrical inductor-capacitor (LC) resonant circuit combined with LC tank to unlock the single-port output self-decoupling sensing, thereby decoding five sensible stimuli to augment situational awareness of human. Systematic theoretical model is established to verify the self-decoupling methodology and the multimodal sensing scheme based on RLC-modulated mechanism. Multiple prototypes of single-port liquid metal (LM)-based wireless multimodal electronic skin implement targeted responses of skin-like receptors. That incorporating pressure (0 kPa~40 kPa), temperature (25 °C ~ 45 °C), humidity (5%RH ~ 90%RH), ultraviolet (0 lm~20 lm) and inclination (30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) through accessing corresponding sensing components. This technique proposal is designed to render a self-decoupling methodology for stretchable wireless multimodal unperturbed platforms and bridge the spatial sensory dimensions in traditional multisensory mechanisms for human-machine interaction.

Zeynep Erdoğan İyigün, Tolga Ozmen, Serkan İlgün et al.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between subclinical lymphedema identified prior to surgical intervention and clinical lymphedema observed in the late period, the incidence of lymphedema in our cohort, and the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted with early-stage breast cancer patients who had been enrolled in a previous study. For diagnosing lymphedema, physical examination, L-Dex® score, and circumferential measurement was used. The L-Dex® score was used as a screening test for preoperative, subclinical lymphedema since there were no clinical findings. Patients with subclinical lymphedema were provided with education and followed up more frequently with regular monitoring. Results: The mean age of the 217 participants was 56.7±12.7 years (range 29–90), and the mean body mass index was 27.7±3.3 kg/m2 (range 19.3–36.9). Among the 217 patients, lymphedema was detected in 31 (14.7%) at a median follow-up period of 89 months (range 73–108 months). Multivariable analysis of factors associated with late-stage lymphedema revealed positive lymph node count and capsular invasion as significant factors (p = 0.001 for both). Forty (18.4%) had preoperative subclinical lymphedema. At the end of the follow-up period, lymphedema persisted in 11 patients (27.5%) and resolved in 29 patients (72.5%). In multivariable analysis, the positive lymph node count was identified as an independent variable in these patients. Conclusion: Identifying high-risk patients, regular monitoring, and early intervention can significantly reduce the risk of clinical lymphedema through timely treatment.

Torben Iversen, J. Stephens

Cara L. Gormally, Peggy Brickman, M. Lutz

Life sciences faculty agree that developing scientific literacy is an integral part of undergraduate education and report that they teach these skills. However, few measures of scientific literacy are available to assess students’ proficiency in using scientific literacy skills to solve scenarios in and beyond the undergraduate biology classroom. In this paper, we describe the development, validation, and testing of the Test of Scientific Literacy Skills (TOSLS) in five general education biology classes at three undergraduate institutions. The test measures skills related to major aspects of scientific literacy: recognizing and analyzing the use of methods of inquiry that lead to scientific knowledge and the ability to organize, analyze, and interpret quantitative data and scientific information. Measures of validity included correspondence between items and scientific literacy goals of the National Research Council and Project 2061, findings from a survey of biology faculty, expert biology educator reviews, student interviews, and statistical analyses. Classroom testing contexts varied both in terms of student demographics and pedagogical approaches. We propose that biology instructors can use the TOSLS to evaluate their students’ proficiencies in using scientific literacy skills and to document the impacts of curricular reform on students’ scientific literacy.

Leonardo Acone

This essay aims to emphasize the importance of investigating the pedagogical dimension of literature, reading, writing, images, and other narrative arts within the framework of a possible pedagogy of narration. This field of study is growing, with the emergence of new teachings, new research paths, and the establishment of new academic positions within Italian universities. For there to be a “pedagogy of narration”, it is essential that the analysis of what is narrated, read, heard, or observed focuses on the educational essence that emanates from narratives. This is not about answering the simple question of what a particular text can or cannot teach, but rather about identifying a successful formula that combines artistic/literary value, historical/testimonial significance, and educational persistence with scientific and epistemological coherence. This would allow the connection between the pedagogy of history, the pedagogy of memory, and, more broadly, the pedagogy of narration.

L. Bobo, F. C. Licari

Dimo Dimov, D. Shepherd

Christopher C. Morphew, Matthew Hartley

W. Damon, E. Phelps

Davidescu L, Ursol G, Korzh O et al.

Lavinia Davidescu,1 Grigoriy Ursol,2 Oleksii Korzh,3 Vikranth Deshmukh,4 Lesia Kuryk,5 Monja-Marie Nortje,6 Olga Godlevska,3 Gilles Devouassoux,7 Eduard Khodosh,8 Elliot Israel,9,10 Alain Moussy,11 Colin D Mansfield,11 Olivier Hermine,11– 13 Pascal Chanez14 1Department of Pulmonology, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania; 2Medical and Diagnostic Center of Private Enterprise of Private Production Company “Acinus”, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine; 3Department of General Practice - Family Medicine, Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkiv, Ukraine; 4Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respira Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; 5National Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology Named After F.G. Yanovsky of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; 6Moriana Clinical Research, Brandfort, South Africa; 7Department of Pulmonology, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, GHN, HCL and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; 8Department of Pulmonology, Municipal Nonprofit Enterprise, City Clinical Hospital #13, Kharkiv, Ukraine; 9Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 10Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; 11AB Science, Paris, France; 12Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163 and CNRS ERL 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implication, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France; 13Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; 14Clinique des Bronches, Allergie et Sommeil, APHM Hôpital Nord, C2VN Center INSERM INRAE UMR1062, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, FranceCorrespondence: Pascal Chanez, Clinique des Bronches, Allergie et Sommeil, APHM Hôpital Nord, C2VN Center INSERM INRAE UMR1062, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, Tel +33 6 50 71 07 05, Email Pascal.CHANEZ@univ-amu.frBackground: Masitinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively targets mast cell activity and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling, both of which are implicated in various mechanisms of asthma pathogenesis.Objective: Assessment of masitinib as an add-on to standard maintenance therapy as compared with placebo in the treatment of oral corticosteroid-dependent severe asthma.Methods: We conducted a randomized (2:1), placebo-controlled study of masitinib (6 mg/kg/d) in adults with severe asthma uncontrolled by high dose inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-adrenoreceptor agonists plus oral corticosteroids (OCS) (≥ 7.5 mg/d). No minimum baseline blood eosinophil count was specified. Following a protocol amendment, the primary endpoint was reduction of annualized severe asthma exacerbation rate adjusted for the overall time on treatment (SAER). Subgroup analysis according to yearly cumulative OCS intake was also performed, a higher OCS dose indicating more severe asthma that is harder to control.Results: Following an average exposure of approximately 13 months, masitinib (n = 240) reduced the SAER by 35% relative to placebo (n = 115) (rate ratio (RR) 0.65 (95% CI [0.47– 0.90]; P = 0.010)). For patients with eosinophil ≥ 150 cell/μL, masitinib (n = 181) reduced SAER by 38% relative to placebo (n = 87); RR 0.62 (95% CI [0.42– 0.91]; P = 0.016). Benefit of masitinib was shown to increase in the most severely affected patients (OCS intake of > 1000 mg/year), with a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in SAER of 50%– 70%. Safety was consistent with the known masitinib profile.Conclusion: Orally administered masitinib reduces the risk of asthma exacerbations in severe asthma patients, with an acceptable safety profile. Masitinib may potentially provide a new treatment option for oral corticosteroid-dependent severe asthma.Keywords: asthma clinical trials, asthma medication, mast cells, tyrosine kinases, severe asthma