Hasil untuk "American literature"

R. Pennak

K. Johnston, R. Rutherford, M. Tilson et al.

P. Dillon, F. Rigler

E. Lambert, Nancy Lynne Hogan, Shannon M. Barton

T. Pawlik, K. Devon, C. Fields et al.

María Soledad Martínez Pería, S. Schmukler

M. Fallat, A. Katz, Mark R Mercurio et al.

The genetic testing and genetic screening of children are commonplace. Decisions about whether to offer genetic testing and screening should be driven by the best interest of the child. The growing literature on the psychosocial and clinical effects of such testing and screening can help inform best practices. This policy statement represents recommendations developed collaboratively by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics with respect to many of the scenarios in which genetic testing and screening can occur.

R. Koch

Abstract Throughout the last century, the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) has been studied quite extensively, with topics ranging from genetics and evolution to population dynamics and applied biological control being covered. Much of the early work on H. axyridis was conducted in the native Asian range. From the 1980's to the present, numerous European and North American studies have added to the body of literature on H. axyridis. H. axyridis has recently gained attention in North America both as a biological control agent and as a pest. This literature review was compiled for two reasons. First, to assist other researchers as a reference, summarizing most of the voluminous body of literature on H. axyridis pertaining to its biology, life history, uses in biological control, and potential non-target impacts. Secondly, to be a case study on the impacts of an exotic generalist predator.

M. Dulcan

Joshua L. Kalla, David E. Broockman

S. Holland

Raising the Dead is a groundbreaking, interdisciplinary exploration of death’s relation to subjectivity in twentieth-century American literature and culture. Sharon Patricia Holland contends that black subjectivity in particular is connected intimately to death. For Holland, travelling through “the space of death” gives us, as cultural readers, a nuanced and appropriate metaphor for understanding what is at stake when bodies, discourses, and communities collide. Holland argues that the presence of blacks, Native Americans, women, queers, and other “minorities” in society is, like death, “almost unspeakable.” She gives voice to—or raises—the dead through her examination of works such as the movie Menace II Society, Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved, Leslie Marmon Silko’s Almanac of the Dead, Randall Kenan’s A Visitation of Spirits, and the work of the all-white, male, feminist hip-hop band Consolidated. In challenging established methods of literary investigation by putting often-disparate voices in dialogue with each other, Holland forges connections among African-American literature and culture, queer and feminist theory. Raising the Dead will be of interest to students and scholars of American culture, African-American literature, literary theory, gender studies, queer theory, and cultural studies.

A. Noonan, H. E. Velasco-Mondragón, F. Wagner

Using a modified social ecological model, we conducted a review of the literature and nationwide statistics on African American health. We discuss the main social determinants of health and main health disparities, risk factors, the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, and access to health services for blacks in the USA. The mechanisms through which social determinants, including racism, exert their deleterious effects on black health are discussed at the macro and individual levels. Incarceration and mental health care issues are highlighted as priorities to be addressed. African Americans remain the least healthy ethnic group in the USA, a somber legacy of years of racial and social injustice and a formidable challenge to equitable health care for all. Systemic causes of suboptimal black health require equally systemic solutions; positive trends in black health indicators seem to be driven by social development programs, economic investment in education, participation of African Americans in policy, and decision-making and expansion of access to health care.

Yasna Bozhkova, Nell Wasserstrom

Yuan Hao Dong

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the major threats to the health of the entire population in today's society. Poor blood pressure values represent health warnings and are also a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, heart disease, angina pectoris, and peripheral arterial disease. The National Cardiovascular Disease Center's "China Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report 2023" data shows that the prevalence of hypertension in adults has reached 31.6%, with a total of 245 million patients. Moreover, studies have shown that 43.1% of the population have normal high blood pressure, with an estimated number of 4.35. The same problem occurs not only in China, but also in the statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States. Nearly 47% of the American population has hypertension. Isometric contraction training is a type of resistance training that was often considered to be avoided by hypertensive patients in previous exercise guidance. However, in recent years, research has shown that under appropriate control, it can effectively lower blood pressure. This study explores the effects of isometric contraction training on blood pressure during acute and non acute interventions by searching and organizing relevant literature, and attempts to find new strategies as non pharmacological treatments for hypertension. Based on past research, it has been found that long-term isometric contraction training has a consistent effect on lowering blood pressure. Although there are immediate changes in acute intervention studies, the duration is very short. The use of equal length contraction training or ischemic preconditioning as a non pharmacological blood pressure improvement strategy has been proven to be safe and effective, with high process controllability, and may be a more feasible strategy in the future. Aim of the study: This study aims to evaluate the relevant literature on equal length contraction training as a strategy for reducing blood pressure, explore the correlation between experimental methods and the degree of blood pressure reduction, and attempt to find more effective ways in non pharmacological treatment strategies for hypertension. Material and methods: After conducting a systematic search of the following databases, this article identified potentially qualified grey literature from Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, as well as journals in related fields. There are no restrictions on language or publishing timeline. The retrieval strategy uses keywords, medical keywords (MeSH), and Boolean conjunctions, including isometric contract or tension, AND (Contract, Isometric or Contracts, Isometric or Isometric Contracts), and AND (Blood Pressure, High or Blood Pressures, High or High Blood Pressure or High Blood Pressures。 In addition, a literature review was conducted to further identify randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: IHG can significantly reduce SBP、DBP and MAP in hypertensive patients. Therefore, we recommend that this type of exercise (especially wall squatting and grip strength exercises) is considered an effective therapy for reducing arterial hypertension. The efficiency of this intervention is limited to the short term. Therefore, long-term effects (at least 1 year) should be studied.

William M. Savage, Sidney A. Saint-Hilaire, Mansi Shah et al.

Disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) are comprised of conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. Limited literature exists on the demographics of patients diagnosed with these conditions. Despite the clinical overlap of DBDs and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there is a stark divergence in the treatment and societal accommodation for these two diagnoses, amplifying the importance of this diagnostic challenge. Thus, potential diagnostic differences must be urgently and rigorously explored. Small, regional studies have reported potential “racial” disparities in the diagnosis of DBDs, especially when compared to the diagnosis of ADHD. Our study uses the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to provide the largest, most comprehensive investigation of “racial” disparities in the diagnosis of DBDs. Discharge data from 700,770 pediatric inpatients (mean age = 9.32 years) were included in this analysis. To explore potential disparities among children with symptoms in this area of clinical overlap, we assessed the relationship of “race” and the diagnosis of DBDs. Among the subgroup of pediatric inpatients diagnosed with ADHD or a DBD, Native American (OR = 2.18; 95% = 1.76, 2.70), Asian (OR = 1.88, 95% = 1.56, 2.26), Black (OR = 1.40; 95% = 1.32, 1.48), and Hispanic (OR = 1.20; 95% = 1.12, 1.28) “race” correlated with DBD diagnosis. By highlighting these diagnostic disparities, this study raises essential questions about race and the diagnosis of DBDs.

Carolina Marrugo Orozco

Madrid, Páginas de Espuma.

Hareesha R. Bharadwaj, Wireko A. Awuah, Favour T. Adebusoye et al.

BACKGROUND: Awake craniotomy has emerged as an advanced surgical technique, characterized by keeping the patient awake during brain surgery. In South America, awake craniotomies have grained traction in neurosurgical practices across various medical centres and hospitals, with notable practitioners contributing to its growth and refinement in the region. PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the integration and impact of awake craniotomies in South American neurosurgical practices. The focus is on understanding the benefits, challenges, and potential transformative effects of the procedure in the region. RESEARCH DESIGN: A comprehensive narrative review and analysis through a thorough examination of the existing literature. RESULTS: The findings indicate that awake craniotomies in South America offer substantial benefits, including cost savings thorugh reduced hospitalization time, quicker recovery and decreased morbidity. Enhanced safety, effective pain management and reduced anaesthesia also contribute to this. CONCLUSION: Whilst the adaptation of awake craniotomies in South America holds great promise in transforming neurosurgical care in the region, significant challenges hinder its widespread adoption. Inadequate infrastructure, limited access to equipment, financial instability, and shortages in trained healthcare providers represent challenges that need to be addressed.

Martha Rodríguez

Este texto de la narradora lojana Martha Rodríguez, es un homenaje de Kipus al escritor Ángel F. Rojas (Loja, 1909-Guayaquil, 2003) quien falleció en el transcurso del año 2003 en el puerto principal, en donde residió por muchos años. Rojas fue nombrado profesor honordrio del Área de Letras de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador, el 24 de abril de 2001; ocasión en la que la catedrátíca y crítíca literaria Alicia Ortega leyó un discurso [cfr. Kipus, No. 12, Quito, 2000-2001, pp. 3-8], que destacaba la trayectoria y los méritos de quien, sin duda, es uno de los autores vitales de la literatura ecuatoriana del siglo XX (N. del E.).

J. Engel, S. Wiebe, J. French et al.

Silvia Martínez-Falquina

This article examines narrative articulations of Native American hospitality in the autobiographical essay “The Worry Lines” (2020), by Métis writer Toni Jensen, and the fictional chapter “Sacred Wilderness” (2014), by Standing Rock Sioux Tribe member Susan Power. In both texts, relevant connections to the Other are made outdoors by means of words, deriving in the lowering of walls—which both separate and connect—and calling for a reexamination of Indigenous peoples as strangers within the doors of the US settler colonial state. The result is a vindication of Indigenous sovereignty and literary activism through the epistemological and ethical value of relationality, as well as a contribution to hospitality studies more broadly through its vindication of the power of conversation and literature.