The scientific legacy of Academician A.G. Granberg is a fundamental contribution to the development of regional economics and spatial analysis both in Russia and around the world. This article summarizes the extensive results of his many years of research, management, and teaching activities. It discusses the main areas of research on the theory and practice of regional economics presented in his works, including conceptual and methodological approaches to analyzing the structure and content of regional economics, as well as the priorities and principles of strategic planning and management. The article discusses the most important aspects of scientific heritage, including the objective prerequisites for regional economic development, long-term priorities, and methodological issues related to improving the efficiency of the regional economy, taking into account the use of resource potential and the implementation of the territory’s competitive advantages. The article discusses theoretical and methodological problems of spatial and regional economics, the principles of analyzing the national economy as a system of interacting regions that function in a market environment with state regulation of market mechanisms, the impact of political, economic, and social transition processes on regional development, as well as key transformation trends in Russia’s economic space, the growing heterogeneity and disintegration of the space, and the emergence of various categories of problem regions. Based on the generalization of methodological approaches to studying the regional economy, the paper formulates directions for further research on the development of Russian regions in the context of global turbulence and geopolitical and economic challenges and threats
The objective of the study is to form a conceptual foundation for synthesizing mathematical tools and historical-institutional analysis in assessing economic policy. The main results of the study: a theoretical and methodological basis for analyzing regional and sectoral economic systems is identified; the tools of nonlinear analysis and economic irrationality are reflected; the characteristics of technological transfers and institutional traps in regional development are outlined; a conceptual model that allows improving regional economic policy is indicated. Research materials: statistical data characterizing the structural and dynamic parameters of regional economies of the Russian Federation for the period 2016-2025; data on technological development and innovation activity, including indicators of expenditure on research and development, implementation of new technologies, the share of innovative products in the total volume of shipments. Research methods: economic and mathematical modeling, fractal analysis tools, analysis of statistical time series, comparative and contrastive analysis, systems approach, abstract logical method, systematization and generalization, historical-institutional method. The study allowed us to formulate the foundations of a methodological synthesis necessary for the analysis and regulation of complex regional and sectoral economic systems. The key tenet of this approach is its rejection of the exclusivity of both purely formal neoclassical models and historical- institutional descriptions. Instead, the need for their constructive interaction is substantiated. On the one hand, mathematical tools, including modified behavioral models and fractal analysis methods, ensure rigor, enable the identification of nonlinear relationships, quantitatively assess irrational components of economic policy, and measure the structural indicators of space. On the other hand, historical-institutional analysis imbues formal models with concrete content, explains the genesis and persistence of imbalances, and reveals the nature of phenomena such as the capital-labor paradox of technological transfer and the long-term impact of maladaptive institutions. The integration of these levels of analysis demonstrates that persistent regional imbalances and sectoral gaps are the result of self-reproducing mechanisms, where economic incentives, distorted by the institutional environment, lead to decisions that perpetuate a suboptimal equilibrium.
Purpose. Consists in substantiating the geosystemic approach as a theoretical and methodological basis for the development of tourist space, which involves the systematization of existing concepts, comparative analysis of Ukrainian and foreign research. Methods. In the course of conducting the research and preparing the material, such methods as systemic and structural-functional analysis were applied, which allowed to organize and classify information related to determining the essence of the tourist space as an object of study in economics, geography, sociology, and related disciplines. In addition, a retrospective method was used, which provided the opportunity to trace the historical evolution of the phenomenon under consideration. Results. The analysis conducted allowed us to conclude that the concept of tourist space can be presented most holistically within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach involving specialists from various fields and areas involved in the creation, arrangement and development of tourist spaces in regions of the world. The author's vision of the term is presented. Scientific novelty. An attempt has been made to systematize existing scientific approaches to defining "tourist space", to generalize the criteria for its typology, and to identify the main structural components. The practical significance. The results obtained can serve as a basis for further development of theoretical foundations of tourism studies, as well as be applied when developing concepts and strategies for tourism development of regions of Ukraine in order to increase their competitiveness and effectively promote regional tourism products in the domestic and international markets of tourist services.
One of the most important sectors of the economy is the real estate market. The most important characteristic of location as the main price-forming factor in the market is the distance to local centers, the proximity to which increases the demand for real estate. The identification of local centers of the studied territory is an urgent task to be solved in assessment, urban planning and other types of activities. The purpose of the study was to develop a concept for defining local real estate market centers in the light of regional economics theories. The objectives of the study were to generalize the theories of regional economics as a theoretical basis for determining the local centers of the regional real estate market, as well as to develop a concept for determining the local centers of the real estate market based on the results obtained. Based on the results of the study, the concept of central locations, which dominates the theory of regional economic location, was identified. Its main postulates about the existence of central places within the boundaries of the economic space are highlighted, the distance to which determines the effectiveness of the location of objects of economic activity. The main provisions of the concept of defining local centers of the real estate market are formulated. An interpretation of the concept of the local center of the regional real estate market is proposed, which differs in that it does not rely on any specific elements of the economic space. The concept of determining the local prices of the regional real estate market is proposed, which consists in determining the concentration zones of homogeneous (reference in terms of characteristics) real estate objects with maximum cost indicators.
A. Biondi, Pier-Francesco Caponi, Carlo Cecere
et al.
Improving building efficiency is essential for reducing energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and operational costs. In OECD Countries the average share of the Residential and Commercial Sector for space conditioning accounts for 30–37% of the cumulative final energy use. The current situation is somewhat typical of post-industrialized Countries: while the technology for reducing the external thermal losses and for installing more energy-conscious devices and procedures (including real-time monitoring and better design of the enclosures) is readily available, the cost of such measures is often perceived as excessive for the private user. For this reason, some governments have resolved to launch incentivization campaigns to encourage both private and public actors to invest in building efficiency. This strategy has been successful and its large-scale application -even if enacted on a preliminary basis- led to substantial reductions of the energy load per square meter −50 to 100 kWh/(m2yr)- so that subsidies and incentives are likely to assume a major role in shaping the energy conversion market. Technologies that are deemed “more environmental benign” or “of strategic interest” will receive institutional funding to promote their implementation, the funds being allocated both to design techniques, new materials and less energivorous devices. Since the funding is usually provided in the form of tax rebates, this approach is not devoid of problems: in fact, previous campaigns at regional and national level in the primary Energy Conversion and in the Transportation Sector have resulted in monumental failures. While it is clearly in the interest of a community to enact a reduction of their final energy uses, it is also true that such incentivization plans, if not properly and carefully implemented, may constitute an economic and ecological “doping” of the market (detail price increases, material and components shortages, etc.). This paper is a follow-up of a previous study conducted in 2021–22 that proposed a rational and thermodynamic-based approach to the issue: in that paper we presented an innovative cost/benefit procedure that considers the primary exergy savings of an “energy saving” intervention and the installation/operation costs and combines them with the statistically foreseeable savings in the improvement of the building seismic class. The method is intended to serve as a possible model for future policy decisions, and it makes use of the fundamental principles of Exergy Analysis augmented by a conventional cost/benefit analysis and by basic resilience considerations. The case study analyzed in the previous paper is re-examined here in the light of some recent normative developments the Eco-Sisma-Bonus (“Superbonus”), the incentivization plan launched between 2014 and 2020 by the Italian Government.
This study addresses the significant environmental impact of the rapidly expanding Indian real estate sector by examining energy efficiency practices through building information modelling (BIM) simulations. Employing a mixed-method approach, the research combines qualitative data from reputable literature sources and quantitative data collected via a questionnaire survey, chosen for its practicality and effectiveness in reaching a large sample size. The statistical approach involves factor analysis, utilizing the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) test and principal component analysis (PCA) to explore underlying data structures and identify key variables. Findings highlight the importance of boosting BIM adoption, customizing energy efficiency measures to local contexts, fostering industry collaboration, implementing monitoring mechanisms, and investing in research and development. These recommendations aim to guide industry stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers in promoting sustainable development and enhancing energy efficiency in the Indian real estate market.
Real estate business, Regional economics. Space in economics
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of accounting comparability as an intra-organizational factor on pricing considerations of information environment issues such as information uncertainty and information asymmetry. In this study, two criteria have been used to measure information uncertainty. Based on the standard deviation of cash flows by the matched company (MF) method, the first criterion of information uncertainty on the model presented by Larson and Risatek is based. To measure the second criterion three different indicators were used, and then factor analysis method was used to convert these indicators into a single criterion. Information asymmetry is also measured based on the two indicators of accruals quality and sales gap. Also, the expected return of shareholders has been calculated based on the 5-factor model of Fama and French, for pricing these issues. For this purpose, data related to companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange have been extracted, for the period 1388 to 1397 and a combined regression model has been used to test the research hypotheses. The results show that the comparability of profits and cash flows leads to changes in returns due to information uncertainty and information asymmetry.Thus, investors and users of financial information in the Iranian capital market as well as standard formulators should pay special attention to the importance of comparability of financial reports as a qualitative factor among organizations; this is because it reduces the effects of information environment interference on the decision-making of users of financial information.
Seyed Mohammad Taher Emamiyan, Ali Mahmoodirad, Saber Mola Alizadeh Zavardehi
et al.
The development of analytical techniques in the investment portfolio in accordance with market conditions and economic climate can increase the dynamism of investment development and achieve greater returns against risk control. Forecasting and optimization techniques help financial decision makers to place the best stocks in their portfolio based on market information and achieve greater returns by optimizing it. The purpose of this research is predicting the effectiveness of the difference between Sortino and Markowitz portfolios is based on the hybrid analysis systems algorithm. Accordingly, 102 companies of Tehran Stock Exchange were examined in the 2014-2018 period. In this study, by separating value stocks and growth stocks, random portfolios were selected to test the research hypotheses and for analysis, two algorithms Support Vector Machines (SVM) and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were used to select the most desirable portfolio. The results showed that Sotino (X) portfolio based on meta-heuristic algorithm (support vector machine algorithm) is significantly different from Markowitz (Y) portfolio, so that decision makers in Sortino portfolio seek to optimize their stock portfolio through long-term growth stocks. It was also found that the accuracy of the adaptive neural fuzzy inference analysis (ANFIS) system is higher than the accuracy of the support vector machine analysis (SVM) system to select the most effective portfolio from Sotino and Markowitz portfolio, because it has two learning mechanisms and Neural network optimization and linguistic expression of fuzzy inference help managers to make better estimates of uncertainty and uncertainty.
The article is devoted to the evolution of scientific schools of the Department of Economic Theory, Regional Economics, and State and Municipal Management of South Ural State University (National Research University), which celebrates the 70th anniversary since its formation this year. During its development, it has gone from a service department (teaching the “Political Economy” discipline) to the department combining the functions of a service (teaching the “Economics” discipline) and a graduate one (Bachelor's and Master's degree programs) in the “State and Municipal Administration” field of training. Various research has been conducted at the department. Initially it studied the “Macro- and microeconomical problems of the evolution of socio-economic problems”. Later it engaged in the “Study of the nature of transformation processes in the Russian economy during the transition to the market period”. Today it conducts active research on the problems of the regional economy and municipal management. Many of the department’s teaching staff members participate in the regional expert community of Chelyabinsk and the Chelyabinsk Region. In connection with the strategic scientific projects of the Priority 2030 Program, the following fields have become the focus of scientific research: “Analyzing the promising specializations in the region's industrial space”, “Research and evaluation of the agglomeration effects in the economic space of the subjects of the Russian Federation”.
Chinese fertility policy has changed from family planning to two child policy and even three child policy. China's fertility rate is declining year by year and its economy is growing rapidly. Based on the background, this paper studies the relationship between China's fertility rate and economy over time and across space, mainly focuses on the income effect of economy on fertility, and discusses the impact of national fertility policy on its relationship. This paper mainly uses the reproducible utility model of Gary S. Becker (1998) and applies the linear regression OLS model to analyze the fertility rate and per capita GDP over time and across space. According to the analysis, the fertility rate shows a downward trend with the growth of per capita GDP over time, but the rate of decline is gradually slowing down. Moreover, the impact of national fertility policy on the relationship between fertility and per capita GDP is relatively significant. Regionally, the highest fertility rate and the response of fertility rate to economic growth is in the western region, while the lowest is in the eastern region. This study reveals the income effect of China's fertility policy on the economic status of fertility. In the family planning stage, the income effect has a negative impact on fertility, while after the implementation of the second child policy, the income effect has no impact on fertility. This paper points out that the fertility policy should continue to be liberalized, so that the income effect has a positive impact on the fertility rate.
The article presents the results of theoretical justification and practical verification of modern possibilities of using the pictorial method (museum tours) in teaching the subject “The History of Economics and Economic Thought”. The article justifies the evolution of views on the range of sources on historical processes. A modern understanding of “a pictorial turn” in historical research was presented. The virtual museum as an informational resource, multimedia phenomenon, cost-effective model of museum space was considered. The educational experience of the EU countries in using modern methods of working with museum expositions to form economic thinking was studied. The need to turn the traditional paradigm of the museum as a center for preserving historical values into the educational interaction between the tourist student and the objects of the museum’s collection was proved. The article describes the content of the two-stage pedagogical experiment (between 2014 and 2018). The first stage explores the possibility of using educational museum tours and historically significant territories of cities as a method of studying the history of regional economics in the context of seminars. The author’s pedagogical product, that is regional thematic tours on the history of economics, was presented. The second stage develops and verifies the methodology of using online resources of Ukrainian museums (virtual tours, virtual exhibits) to organize the independent work of students in the context of this subject. The thematic catalog of online resources of Ukrainian museums for conducting research activities within this subject was created. The article presents research activities with the exposition of the virtual museum in the framework of the independent work of students. Based on the results obtained from the survey of students from higher education institutions of Ukoоpspilka, it is proved that working in the virtual museum space implies innovative, multidisciplinary, competence-oriented research activities, as well as an effective form of organizing independent work of students.
Currently, one of the priorities of the country's development is the transition of the economy to an innovative path of development. Analysis and evaluation of innovative development at the regional and national levels, quantitative assessment of regional innovation activity, and development of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of interaction between science and business that allow choosing the right strategies for solving management problems are of particular relevance. The subject of the research is the indexes of innovative development of regions. The purpose of the study is to compare the indexes of innovative development of regions and identify indexes that do not have significant differences. Eight indexes describing the innovative development of Russian regions are compared. We use four of the author's indexes, published earlier: the index of technical efficiency innovative space for international patent applications TEMPZ, the index of technical efficiency innovative space for patent applications TEPZ, the index of technical efficiency innovative space issued patents TEPV and the index of technical efficiency innovative space developed for new technologies TETECH. Along with the author's indexes, four other indexes with a similar applied focus are considered, published by the Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge (ISSEK) in National Research University — Higher School of Economics (HSE), RIA rating, and Association of Innovative Regions of Russia (AIRR). In the course of the study, a comparative analysis of the indexes of innovative development in the space of expert-defined characteristics of regional differentiation was made. Analysis of the cosines of the angles between the indexes constructed using the beta coefficients of the regressions of these indexes on the differentiation characteristics allows us to refine the results of correlation analysis and identify a subset of indexes that are not distinguishable when solving control problems parameterized using the differentiation characteristics.
In this paper, the extant literature on the impact of external shocks on monetary policy effectiveness with reference to non-WAEMU countries is reviewed. The importance of this literature review is to provide contemporary perspectives to scholars and policymakers on the relevance of the incidence of external shocks to the effectiveness of monetary policy with reference to non-WAEMU countries. The literature reviewed in this study shows that, on the whole, the extent and the degree to which external shocks are transmitted to the domestic economy substantially depend on a plethora of features, namely the absence of exchange rate flexibility; a strong export concentration, especially with respect to commodities; the level of global economic integration; restricted capacities of production; the absence of competitiveness in exports; over-reliance on foreign aid; foreign reserves that are not adequate and capital account openness.
Regional economics. Space in economics, Economics as a science
This study assessed the nonoil taxation effect on foreign direct investment and economic services from 1994 to 2019 in Nigeria. This study further evaluated the causality bearing amid foreign direct investment, economic services, value-added tax, company income tax, capital gain tax, custom and excise duties, and education tax, devotedly hiring Units root, VECM, Johansen co-integration, and Granger causality tests. Outcomes uncovered that value-added tax has a positive significant effect on economic services but a negative influence on foreign direct investment. Furthermore, value-added tax granger- cause foreign direct investment and economic services. It is also exposed that company income tax and capital gain tax possessed short-run and long-run negative significant influence on foreign direct investment but positive influence on economic services. More so, custom and excise duties upsurge economic services and foreign direct investment positively and significantly. Conclusively, taxation has negative significant impacts on foreign direct investment but upsurge economic services positively in Nigeria. It is recommended that since company income tax impacted foreign direct investment negatively both in the long run and short run, the government should lessen company income tax and upsurge capital allowance bestow on foreign direct investment in order to improve and attract foreign direct investment which will perpetually decrease poverty rate in Nigeria. Also, the government should employ taxation to realize more improvement in economic services and minimize all barriers to foreign direct investment attraction such as import duties and other levies to inspire investors.
Regional economics. Space in economics, Economics as a science
For decades, gravitational analysis has been a key instrument in analyzing spatial flows. Time and again, it has prompted new and challenging research questions. This paper provides a concise overview of the foundation, the conceptualization and empirical relevance of gravitational principles in regional science and spatial economics. Attention is also given to general “social physics” interpretations of gravity in spatial interaction models and to the impact of intangible distance frictions. The main emphasis in the study is placed on the significance of spatial impedance functions and gravity potential analysis. In particular, the paper focuses on cross-border trade and has three main goals: (i) to address the robustness of distance friction parameters related to trade borders, employing, inter alia, quantitative results from meta-analyses on trade models in spatial economics; (ii) to present a promising methodology based on gravity potential and the related gravitational gradient models that include directional intensities of flows; (iii) to test the validity of the latter approach on the basis of a vector gradient analysis of export patterns of the Netherlands. The paper argues that—despite the space-reducing impact of the modern digital technologies—gravitational principles still have an uncontested relevance in an analysis of spatial flows in regional science.
Received 15 May 2020 Accepted 14 June 2020 Purpose: The economic crisis has led to a series of transformations of the economic and population base of the contemporary spatial units. The present study aims to highlight the indirect impact of the economic crisis on the operation and spatial footprint of the business network in a region with a slight decrease in its population dynamics in the decade 2001-2011. Design/methodology/approach: The methodological approach focuses (i) on the spatial and intertemporal observation of the change in the spatial footprint of the businesses and population of Greek Regional Units and (ii) in the identification of spatial clusters with similar behavior of business establishments or deletions (hot-cold spots). For the delineation of the profile of the spatial units, business demography indicators were created, while the analysis was based on spatial statistics methods and spatial autocorrelation indicators, such as the Global and local Moran's I. The panel data used for the present study relate to the establishment and deletions of businesses’ during the period 2008-2018 as well as the population Censuses 2001-2011. Findings: It is evident that the crisis left its footprint in the Greek periphery. Examining the business network of two Greek Regional Units it is shown that during the crisis period a significant part of the businesses opened ceased in the early years after. Moreover, until 2016 there is a negative balance between business births and deaths. Especially Volos and Skiathos, despite that they presented an increase in their population, show higher intensity of businesses' deaths until 2014 than those of the establishments; after 2015 it is observed an inverse trend with positive establishments balance.The most important finding that confirms that space is not neutral is the autocorrelation in death rates in neighboring municipalities with simultaneous population decline. Research limitations/implications: The dependence of the external boundaries of a spatial entity on a neighboring one contributes to the possible effect on spatial patterns. In the present study, the spatial autocorrelation of the establishments and deletions of the businesses of Magnesia and the Sporades was examined, however, the influence of the adjacent area (the Regional Units of Larissa and Fthiotida) was not taken into account due to non-availability of the necessary data. Originality/value: The present study contributes to theory by highlighting the impact of the economic crisis in the footprint of a regions’ business ecosystem. The added value lies in the connection and dependence of regional economies and populations with space. Future research could build on this study by examining business behavior in other spatial units. Furthermore, this study could be additionally used by policymakers to potentiate awareness of the local development, revitalization, and depopulation challenge. JEL Classifications J1, R3
This research focuses on the features and transformations of power groups and their role in the political life of the societies of the Baltic countries. This article aims to analyse structural and functional changes in the composition of the Baltic political elites after these countries gained independence in the 1990s. The main objective of this research is to reveal the general and the specific in the transformations of Latvian, Lithuanian, and Estonian elites. Changes in the structure of power groups are considered on a sub-regional scale in view of the current Russian-Baltic political interaction. The common and distinctive features in the transformations of Latvian, Lithuanian, and Estonian elites are identified. Quantitative methods of analysis are used to detect trends in the selection of channels and mechanisms of elite recruitment. The study of power groups concentrated on both large-scale socio-political transformations and individual practices. A comprehensive examination of elite transformation in small states such as the Baltics requires the consideration of both domestic and foreign policy aspects. The thesis is put forward that despite some differences between the Baltic States their political elites have undergone very similar transformations since the 1990s. At the time, Baltic elites asserted continuity with pre-war Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia and detachment from the Soviet past. The 1990s elite struggle for power led to sharp ethnic, linguistic and political divides in Baltic societies. These rifts limit competition between power groups and reduce the ability of political systems to renew themselves. Having reached the ‘back to the West’ goal, Baltic elites replaced it with the idea of ‘Russian threat’. Bridging internal divides, which may weaken the power of the elites, was postponed as a result.