Integration of AI into environmental regulation represents a significant advancement in data management. It offers promising results in both data protection plus algorithmic fairness. This research addresses the critical need for sustainable data protection in the era of ever evolving cyber threats. Traditional encryption methods face limitations in handling the dynamic nature of environmental data. This necessitates the exploration of advanced cryptographic techniques. The objective of this study is to evaluate how AI can enhance these techniques to ensure robust data protection while facilitating fair algorithmic management. The methodology involves a comprehensive review of current advancements in AI-enhanced homomorphic encryption (HE) and multi-party computation (MPC). It is coupled with an analysis of how these techniques can be applied to environmental data regulation. Key findings indicate that AI-driven dynamic key management, adaptive encryption schemes, and optimized computational efficiency in HE, alongside AI-enhanced protocol optimization and fault mitigation in MPC, significantly improve the security of environmental data processing. These findings highlight a crucial research gap in the intersection of AI, cyber laws, and environmental regulation, particularly in terms of addressing algorithmic bias, transparency, and accountability. The implications of this research underscore the need for stricter cyber laws. Also, the development of comprehensive regulations to safeguard sensitive environmental data. Future efforts should focus on refining AI systems to balance security with privacy and ensuring that regulatory frameworks can adapt to technological advancements. This study provides a foundation for future research aimed at achieving secure sustainable environmental data management through AI innovations.
The emergence of global health crises, such as COVID-19 and Monkeypox (mpox), has underscored the importance of understanding public sentiment to inform effective public health strategies. This study conducts a comparative sentiment analysis of public perceptions surrounding COVID-19 and mpox by leveraging extensive datasets of 147,475 and 106,638 tweets, respectively. Advanced machine learning models, including Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, RoBERTa, DistilRoBERTa and XLNet, were applied to perform sentiment classification, with results indicating key trends in public emotion and discourse. The analysis highlights significant differences in public sentiment driven by disease characteristics, media representation, and pandemic fatigue. Through the lens of sentiment polarity and thematic trends, this study offers valuable insights into tailoring public health messaging, mitigating misinformation, and fostering trust during concurrent health crises. The findings contribute to advancing sentiment analysis applications in public health informatics, setting the groundwork for enhanced real-time monitoring and multilingual analysis in future research.
Georgy Lukyanov, Konstantin Shamruk, Tong Su
et al.
This paper develops a model in which a sender strategically communicates with a group of receivers whose payoffs depend on the sender's information. It is shown that aggregate payoff externalities create an endogenous conflict of interests between the sender and the receivers, rendering full information revelation, in general infeasible. We demonstrate that an exogenous bias in the sender's preferences can improve public information provision and raise welfare. Two applications of the setup are discussed.
<p>This article analyzes the origins and evolution of public administration by framing it as collective action aimed at achieving common goals. It highlights cooperation and purpose as the defining features of administration and shows how administrative systems develop in response to environmental, geographical, and political challenges. Drawing on historical examples, the article illustrates how different contexts have produced distinct forms of state organization. A key component of the analysis is the theory of the social contract as articulated by Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau. Their ideas offer contrasting justifications for political authority, ranging from the need for security and order to the protection of natural rights and the assertion of popular sovereignty. The article also examines the practical and normative limits of these theories. Finally, the study compares major European administrative models, particularly the Napoleonic and Germanic traditions, emphasizing differences in centralization, legalism, federalism, and bureaucratic professionalism. It concludes that public administration is shaped by a persistent tension between state effectiveness and democratic accountability.</p>
El presente trabajo pretende clarificar el régimen recurso de apelación penal que adolece de una considerable fragmentación y oscuridad normativa. El estudio pone especial énfasis en un detallado análisis jurisprudencial en relación con ciertas cuestiones especialmente problemáticas y trata de formular en ciertos casos propuestas de reforma.
Law, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
L’article analyse le recul progressif du modèle français de protection des espaces naturels fondé sur l’acquisition publique, fragilisé par la baisse des ressources et le recul des acquisitions du Conservatoire du littoral et des départements. Face à cette crise, émergent des outils alternatifs – en particulier les obligations réelles environnementales (ORE), inspirées des conservation easements américaines – qui permettent de protéger des terrains privés sans les acquérir. Leur institutionnalisation est toutefois limitée par la persistance de plusieurs freins dont notamment leur faible attractivité fiscale, l’absence de registre national, et le principe d’indépendance des législations qui empêche leur intégration dans la planification urbaine. L’étude montre ainsi que la France adopte les instruments américains sans en transposer la logique profonde, ce qui conduit à une situation paradoxale : l’État n’a plus les moyens d’acquérir pour protéger, mais n’assume pas pleinement une stratégie de protection sans acquisition.
This article aims to discuss why and how left-leaning governing parties outsource public services to private contractors despite their ideological commitments. Previous research typically links such contradictory decisions to global trends or ideological shifts. This study revises that perspective by adopting a novel, bottom-up approach focused on outsourcing processes in local government. A comparative analysis of Swedish municipalities shows that neither ideological conversion nor external pressures fully explain these decisions. Instead, Social Democratic leaders adopt outsourcing to pursue other goals – such as preserving coalitions or maintaining fiscal credibility – while maintaining a critical stance on privatization. To manage this tension, leaders employed a repertoire of depoliticisation strategies: delegating responsibility to the administration, relying on technical investigations, reframing the issue as non-ideological, and presenting the decision as exceptional. These strategies enabled controversial reforms to proceed without open ideological debate or internal disruption. Empirically, the study uncovers how contested reforms are legitimized in practice. Theoretically, it clarifies how depoliticization strategies allow actors to suppress ideological conflict without abandoning core beliefs. Analytically, it offers a framework for studying how contested reforms may unfold from below – dynamics that may help explain how incremental, low-profile decisions may contribute to long-term transformations in welfare governance.
Kim C. Brimhall, Kim C. Brimhall, Kayla Kuhfeldt
et al.
IntroductionClinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) programs seek to improve the quality and impact of clinical and translational science. CTSA evaluation teams implement structured, evidence-based continuous quality improvement (CQI) processes to enhance activities and outcomes, ultimately benefiting public health. The Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) provides a framework for assessing translational science’s health and societal impact, yet additional tools are needed to integrate CQI with impact evaluation. Addressing this gap requires combining CQI methodologies with team science approaches. Building on TSBM, CQI theories (e.g., Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles), and team science principles (e.g., inclusive leadership), we propose a theory-driven, evidence-based logic model to enhance CTSA programs. Using our TL1 Regenerative Medicine Training Program (RMTP) as a case study, we demonstrate its practical application for CTSA evaluation teams.MethodsWe conducted a literature review on impact evaluation, CQI, and team science to develop a theory-based approach for CTSA evaluation teams. Using case study methodology, we analyzed RMTP data (2015–2023) through: (a) Interviews with RMTP leaders, mentors, and trainees to explore program implementation and outcomes; (b) Document analysis of program materials, meeting notes, and reports; (c) Bibliometric and policy analysis of publications, citations, and policy documents to assess impact; and (d) Surveys to capture trainees’ perspectives on program quality and leadership. This mixed-methods approach provided a comprehensive assessment of RMTP’s impact and demonstrated the utility of our team science-based approach to CQI and evaluation.ResultsOur sample included RMTP directors (N = 2), mentors (N = 24), and trainees (N = 38). Among trainees, 68% identified as female, and 21% were from underrepresented groups in medicine. Of 34 graduates, 31 continued in regenerative medicine research. Qualitative data highlighted CQI strategies, such as embedding evaluation into advisory meetings to enhance program functioning. Inclusive leadership fostered a climate where diverse perspectives informed improvements. Quantitative and document analysis further demonstrated how RMTP activities led to positive health and societal impacts within the TSBM framework.DiscussionCTSA evaluation teams must integrate CQI and impact evaluation, yet few theory-based approaches exist. Our evaluation and CQI framework merges TSBM, CQI, and team science principles, providing a practical tool for guiding evaluation teams in continuous improvement while maximizing translational science impact.
Ammar AlShaker, Saud Al-Rasheedi, Yousef Al-Jebrin
et al.
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a rare disorder affecting 1 in 10,000 individuals, characterised by abnormal mast cell proliferation in extra-cutaneous organs, resulting in a variety of presentations ranging from mild asymptomatic disease to life-threatening tissue-destructive disease. Severe anaphylaxis caused by the release of histamine from mast cells can lead to poor postoperative outcomes, especially during general anaesthesia, as the severe manifestations of anaphylaxis, such as cardiovascular collapse and bronchospasm, may potentially be the first symptoms to present. In this case report, we describe the perioperative and intraoperative management of a 70-year-old female with SM, undergoing total thyroidectomy.
Nancy Satpathy, Nancy Satpathy, Pratap Jena
et al.
BackgroundTobacco use among youth remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in India, where vendor accessibility plays a crucial role in initiation and consumption. This study examines tobacco vendor density around schools in Bhubaneswar City, Odisha, utilizing advanced geo-spatial mapping techniques to provide evidence for regulatory enforcement.MethodsA geo-spatial mapping approach was employed using ArcMap 10.8 and Google Maps to identify tobacco vendors within a 100-yard radius of 15 selected high schools. Data collection was conducted through a structured questionnaire with 53 closed-ended questions via the Epicollect5 platform. The study adopted a probability proportional-to-size sampling method to ensure representative vendor distribution.ResultsThe study identified 107 tobacco vendors surrounding the selected schools, with an average vendor density of approximately seven per school vicinity. Pan vendors and grocery/convenience stores were the most prevalent vendor types. Despite existing regulations, widespread tobacco advertising, brand displays, and promotional activities were observed. Additionally, violations related to smoking near schools and sales to minors indicated gaps in regulatory compliance.ConclusionThe high density of tobacco vendors near schools underscores the need for strengthened enforcement mechanisms and policy interventions. Enhancing regulatory compliance through stricter zoning laws, targeted monitoring, and community-driven initiatives is essential to reducing youth exposure to tobacco products and mitigating associated health risks.
As the U.S. Census Bureau implements its controversial new disclosure avoidance system, researchers and policymakers debate the necessity of new privacy protections for public statistics. With experiments on both public statistics and synthetic microdata, we explore a particular privacy concern: respondents in subsidized housing may deliberately not mention unauthorized children and other household members for fear of being discovered and evicted. By combining public statistics from the Decennial Census and the Department of Housing and Urban Development, we demonstrate a simple, inexpensive reconstruction attack that could identify subsidized households living in violation of occupancy guidelines in 2010. Experiments on synthetic data suggest that a random swapping mechanism similar to the Census Bureau's 2010 disclosure avoidance measures does not significantly reduce the precision of this attack, while a differentially private mechanism similar to the 2020 disclosure avoidance system does. Our results provide a valuable example for policymakers seeking trustworthy public statistics.
Guillermo Baltra, Tarang Saluja, Yuri Pradkin
et al.
The Internet provides global connectivity by virtue of a public core -- the routable public IP addresses that host services and to which cloud, enterprise, and home networks connect. Today the public core faces many challenges to uniform, global reachability: firewalls and access control lists, commercial disputes that stretch for days or years, and government-mandated sanctions. We define two algorithms to detect partial connectivity: Taitao detects peninsulas of persistent, partial connectivity, and Chiloe detects islands, when one or more computers are partitioned from the public core. These new algorithms apply to existing data collected by multiple long-lived measurement studies. We evaluate these algorithms with rigorous measurements from two platforms: Trinocular, where 6 locations observe 5M networks frequently, RIPE Atlas, where 10k locations scan the DNS root frequently, and validate adding a third: CAIDA Ark, where 171 locations traceroute to millions of networks daily. Root causes suggest that most peninsula events (45%) are routing transients, but most peninsula-time (90%) is due to long-lived events (7%). We show that the concept of peninsulas and islands can improve existing measurement systems. They identify measurement error and persistent problems in RIPE's DNSmon that are $5\times$ to $9.7\times$ larger than the operationally important changes of interest. They explain previously contradictory results in several outage detection systems. Peninsulas are at least as common as Internet outages, posing new research direction.
Frederick Law, Antoine Cerfon, Benjamin Peherstorfer
et al.
This work introduces meta estimators that combine multiple multifidelity techniques based on control variates, importance sampling, and information reuse to yield a quasi-multiplicative amount of variance reduction. The proposed meta estimators are particularly efficient within outer-loop applications when the input distribution of the uncertainties changes during the outer loop, which is often the case in reliability-based design and shape optimization. We derive asymptotic bounds of the variance reduction of the meta estimators in the limit of convergence of the outer-loop results. We demonstrate the meta estimators, using data-driven surrogate models and biasing densities, on a design problem under uncertainty motivated by magnetic confinement fusion, namely the optimization of stellarator coil designs to maximize the estimated confinement of energetic particles. The meta estimators outperform all of their constituent variance reduction techniques alone, ultimately yielding two orders of magnitude speedup compared to standard Monte Carlo estimation at the same computational budget.
The 3GPP 5G Service-based Architecture (SBA) security specifications leave several details on how to setup an appropriate Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) for 5G SBA, unspecified. In this work, we propose 5G-SBA-PKI, a public key infrastructure for secure inter-NF communication in 5G SBA core networks, where NF refers to Network Functions. 5G-SBA-PKI is designed to include multiple certificate authorities (with different scopes of operation and capabilities) at different PLMN levels for certification operations and key exchange between communicating NFs, where PLMN refers to a Public Land Mobile Network. We conduct a formal analysis of 5G-SBA-PKI with respect to the desired security properties using TAMARIN prover. Finally, we evaluate 5G-SBA-PKI's performance with "pre-quantum" as well as quantum-safe cryptographic algorithms.
Broadening the variety of two-dimensional (2D) materials and improving the synthesis of ultrathin films are crucial to the development of the semiconductor industry. As a state-of-the-art 2D material, Ga2Se2 has attractive optoelectronic properties when it reaches the atomically-thin regime. However, its van der Waals epitaxial growth, especially for the atomically-thin films, has seldom been studied. In this paper, we used molecular beam epitaxy to synthesize Ga2Se2 single-crystal films with a surface roughness down to 1.82 nm on c-plane sapphire substrates by optimizing substrate temperature, Se:Ga flux ratio, and growth rate. Then we used a 3-step mode to grow Ga2Se2 films with a thickness as low as 3 tetralayers and a surface roughness as low as 0.61 nm, far exceeding the performance of direct growth. Finally, we found that the surface morphology strongly depends on the Se:Ga flux ratio, and higher growth rates widened the suitable flux ratio window for growing Ga2Se2. Overall, this work advances the understanding of the vdW epitaxy growth mechanism for post-transition metal monochalcogenides on sapphire substrates.
The article revealed the scientific nature of Putin’s nuclear blackmail. It has been proven that the democratic world community cannot succumb to Putin’s nuclear blackmail. In fact, he carries it out not for the purpose of actual use, but as a means of further aggressive actions to intimidate politicians and people around the world. It has been stated that the measures to prevent Putin’s nuclear blackmail are the maximum defeat of the Russian terrorist forces by the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the introduction of an oil and gas export embargo so that Russia cannot restore its military potential for decades. The conduct of legal measures to ensure that those involved in the entire synchronous chain of nuclear weapon activation, deliberately fail to comply with Putin’s criminal fatal order to use nuclear weapons.
Trans-boundary environmental impact occurs where development projects in one country or state have extra-territorial effect on neighbouring state and this aspect of environmental law falls squarely within the purview of international environmental law. This paper examines the prevention of trans-boundary environmental impact, legal framework and challenges of implementation in Nigeria and generally. The paper adopts a doctrinal approach. The paper discusses trans-boundary environmental impact and its origin in Nigeria. The paper notes that the first trans-boundary environmental impact in Nigeria happened in 1988 and prior to that there was no substantive environmental legislation in place. The paper evaluates the existing domestic and international legal frameworks and discovers that the substantive domestic law in Nigeria, lacks the necessary impetus to address environmental impact of a trans-boundary nature. The paper further finds that the international framework are not complemented by strong, substantive international law. Some of these treaties are married by vague language and weak enforcement mechanisms. The paper notes that there are several challenges preventing implementation of trans-boundary EIA and includes cost of trans-boundary EIA, limited access to document in the affected areas and unwillingness of the public to participate with an activity in another state. The paper recommends that the existing legal frameworks both at the national and international fora should be supported by strong substantive laws to enable implementation and concludes that the challenges can be overcome by specifying the parameters for determining the significance of effects, encourage public participation and dispute resolution mechanisms. Key Words: Environment, Assessment, Impact, Prevention, Challenges, Implementation