Hasil untuk "Political science"

M. Finnemore

A. Schneider, H. Ingram

S. Jasanoff

D. Ross

D. Green, A. Gerber

Mario Blaser

S. Hilgartner

The JIAS welcomes submissions on HIV-related topics from across all scientific disciplines, including but not limited to:Basic and biomedical sciencesBehavioral sciencesEpidemiologyClinical sciencesHealth economics and health policyOperations research and implementation sciencesSocial sciences and humanities, including political sciences and mediaThe JIAS prioritizes submissions from operational research and implementation science as publication of such material can provide valuable information on various algorithms for monitoring and providing support for comprehensive, yet affordable and sustainable treatment, prevention and care programmes in different contexts.

Cameron Roberts, F. Geels, M. Lockwood et al.

Meeting the climate change targets in the Paris Agreement implies a substantial and rapid acceleration of low-carbon transitions. Combining insights from political science, policy analysis and socio-technical transition studies, this paper addresses the politics of deliberate acceleration by taking stock of emerging examples, mobilizing relevant theoretical approaches, and articulating a new research agenda. Going beyond routine appeals for more ‘political will’, it organises ideas and examples under three themes: 1) the role of coalitions in supporting and hindering acceleration; 2) the role of feedbacks, through which policies may shape actor preferences which, in turn, create stronger policies; and 3) the role of broader contexts (political economies, institutions, cultural norms, and technical systems) in creating more (or less) favourable conditions for deliberate acceleration. We discuss the importance of each theme, briefly review previous research and articulate new research questions. Our concluding section discusses the current and potential future relationship between transitions theory and political science.

D. Demeritt

Gary King

Alexandre De Podestá Gomes

This paper examines the development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry in China from the perspective of mission-oriented innovation policies. It explores how China’s central and local governments interact to create and shape the industry, with a focus on state capacities and experimentation. Drawing on official policy documents, Chinese news outlets, EV industry data, and interviews, the paper analyzes two cases of local experimentation: one involving low-speed electric vehicles in Shandong province, and another featuring affordable, low-tech micro-EV models in Guangxi province. The paper argues that local governments, by establishing close ties with nontraditional companies and supporting experimentation, perform the functions of peripheral agencies in the context of innovation in new, emerging industries. The central government, in turn, monitors these local experiments, learns from them, and adjusts its national policies accordingly. The findings contribute to broader debates on how state bureaucracies can drive effective industrial transformation, particularly in middle-income countries.

P. Weingart, A. Engels, Petra Pansegrau

Paweł Churski

Przedstawiamy Państwu nr 74 czasopisma „Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna” przygotowywanego przez Wydział Geografii Społeczno-Ekonomicznej i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Stanowi on zbiór dwunastu artykułów opracowanych przez autorów z ośrodków naukowych z całej Polski w formule varia. W tym tomie autorzy poruszają problematykę polityki regionalnej, współpracy metropolitalnej, zróżnicowań przestrzennych rozwoju, w tym znaczenia zależności od ścieżki w procesach rozwoju regionalnego, wpływu uwarunkowań kulturowych na procesy rozwojowe, wyzwań programowania i wrażania przemian rewitalizacyjnych, charakteru przestrzeni publicznej oraz znaczenia dostępu do infrastruktury cyfrowej na obszarach wiejskich.

O. A. Timakova

The article focuses on analyzing the European Union’s (EU) Digital Connectivity project for Central Asia as a mechanism of the “Global Gateway” initiative to counterbalance the influence of China and other geopolitical actors in the region. It examines the objectives and specific features of the EU’s strategy aimed at minimizing China’s influence by promoting its own digital standards and European values. The study employs a comprehensive approach, including an analysis of key EU documents, a comparative analysis of EU and Chinese projects in Central Asia, and an examination of geopolitical and economic factors affecting the implementation of digital projects. The analysis reveals that the EU’s digital connectivity project within the “Global Gateway” initiative focuses on the development of digital technologies, European standards, and regulatory reforms in Central Asia. At the same time, the proposed projects are designed to align with the EU’s sustainability priorities, as outlined in the Union’s key policy documents. Despite the stated goals of innovation and sustainability, EU projects face challenges related to slow implementation, limited resources, and contradictions between geopolitical interests and the values being promoted. Meanwhile, Chinese projects demonstrate faster implementation and larger scale, posing a challenge to the EU. The success of the EU’s digital engagement with Central Asia states will depend on its ability to integrate regional specificities, enhance coordination among member states, and offer competitive initiatives. Rapid digitalization remains a pressing task for Central Asian countries seeking to close the digital divide. However, without considering local interests and adopting a more pragmatic approach to project implementation, the EU risks losing influence in the region.

S. Frickel, S. Gibbon, J. Howard et al.

J. Shepherd, S. Rayner

Darrell Whitman

Moldova is a borderland, lying geographically between Slavic Russia and the modern, liberal states of the European Union. Historically, it took shape after the rise of a multicultural Ottoman Empire to its south and the disintegrating remains of the old Holy Roman Empire to its west. These influences remain, but long before modern history it was on the invasion path between Eastern and Western Eurasia, which itself was divided between Orthodox Christianity and Roman Catholicism. Centuries of wars and occupation left a deep ethnic mark on Moldova, consisting of Dacian, Tartar, Roman, Greek, Ottoman, Russian, Magyar, and Jewish cultures. They all left their mark on Moldovan national identity, which was acquired by accommodating a cultural mix that required negotiation and tolerance which remains part of the Moldovan national identity today. This article looks at the “national question” around the example of Moldova.

Tiziana Leone, Alison Gemmill, Laura Brown

Background While secular trends in high-income countries show an increase in the mean age at menopause, it is unclear if there is a similar pattern in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where women’s exposure to biological, environmental and lifestyle determinants of menopause may differ. Premature (before age 40 years) and early (ages 40–44 years) menopause could have negative repercussions on later life health outcomes which in ageing societies could mean further stress on low-resource health systems. An evaluation of such trends in LMICs has been hampered by the suitability, quality and comparability of data from these countries.Methods Using 302 standardised household surveys from 1986 to 2019, we estimate trends and CIs using bootstrapping in the prevalence of premature and early menopause in 76 LMICs. We also developed a summary measure of age at menopause for women who experience menopause before the age of 50 years based on demographic estimation methods that can be used to measure menopausal status in surveys with truncated data.Results Trends indicate an increasing prevalence of early and premature menopause in LMICs, in particular in sub-Saharan Africa and South/Southeast Asia. These regions also see a suggested decline of the mean age at menopause with greater variation across continents.Conclusions This study enables the analysis of menopause timing by exploiting data generally used for the study of fertility by methodologically allowing the use of truncated data. Findings show a clear increase in prevalence of premature and early menopause in the regions with the highest fertility with possible consequences for later life health. They also show a different trend compared with high-income regions, confirming a lack of generalisability and the importance of accounting for nutritional and health transitions at the local level. This study calls for further data and research on menopause on a global scale.

P. Pierson