Hasil untuk "Highway engineering. Roads and pavements"

Artem Bezuglyi, Ihor Hresko, Natalia Mudrychenko et al.

Introduction. Operational maintenance of highways — is a set of measures aimed at preserving road infrastructure and ensuring continuous traffic. From an economic point of view, this is a basic type of service, according to which current costs for maintaining the functionality of the road network are formed, resource savings are ensured and future long-term costs associated with major repairs of the road are reduced. The dynamic contract price for the operational maintenance of highways is a promising tool that will contribute to adaptation to the realities of the modern economy and ensure the effective use of funds. However, its implementation requires clear regulations, transparency of processes, improvement of the regulatory framework, development of project monitoring and management technologies. If it is impossible to finally establish the type of contract price during the conclusion of the contract due to uncertainty of costs or other circumstances, the parties to the contract determine the type of dynamic contract price, as well as the procedure for its adjustment during the performance of road works or services. Therefore, the dynamic contract price — is an estimate to be specified in the event of a change in the current prices for resources taken into account in the contract price, as well as for other reasons determined by the terms of the contract. Therefore, the use of a dynamic contractual price when concluding contracts for the operational maintenance of public highways will increase economic efficiency, since: costs are subject to clarification in accordance with fluctuations in prices for material, technical and labor resources, etc.; risks for contractors will be reduced, which will positively affect competition and the quality of services; at the same time, state funds will be used more rationally. Thus, the dynamic type of contractual price offers a more flexible model for determining the cost of works and services, and carrying out mutual settlements, which helps to reduce risks for contractors and customers, ensures a fairer distribution of financial obligations in the event of fluctuations in market prices, and also forms conditions for rational use of public funds and increasing the economic efficiency of public investments. Issues. The following scientists Ilyash S. I., Kanin O. P., Lipskyi G. E., Pechonchyk T. I, Prusenko E. D., Stasyuk B. O., Tsinka A. O. and others investigated the problems of determining the cost of works on the operational maintenance of public highways, as well as a significant contribution to the development of theoretical and practical foundations, solving various issues with the development of the road management system and transport infrastructure of Ukraine.

Guojun Cai, Hongliang Tian, Lulu Liu et al.

Subgrade engineering is a fundamental aspect of infrastructure construction in China. As the primary structural element responsible for bearing and distributing traffic loads, the subgrade must not only withstand the substantial pressures exerted by vehicles, trains, and other forms of transportation, but also efficiently transfer these loads to the underlying foundation, ensuring the stability and longevity of the roadway. In recent years, advancements in subgrade engineering technology have propelled the industry towards smarter, greener, and more sustainable practices, particularly in the areas of intelligent monitoring, disaster management, and innovative construction methods. This paper reviews the application and methodologies of intelligent testing equipment, including cone penetration testing (CPT) devices, soil resistivity testers, and intelligent rebound testers, in subgrade engineering. It examines the operating principles, advantages, limitations, and application ranges of these tools in subgrade testing. Additionally, the paper evaluates the practical use of advanced equipment from both domestic and international perspectives, addressing the challenges encountered by various instruments in real-world applications. These devices enable precise, comprehensive testing and evaluation of subgrade conditions at different stages, providing real-time data analysis and intelligent early warnings. This supports effective subgrade health management and maintenance. As intelligent technologies continue to evolve and integrate, these tools will increasingly enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and sustainability of subgrade monitoring.

Artem Bezuglyi, Leonida Chaikovska, Liudmyla Panibratets et al.

Introduction. Transport structures are crucial elements of critical infrastructure that contribute to economic development and ensure the security of regions and the state as a whole. During wartime, transport structures have become vital for national defense, humanitarian evacuation, and export logistics. Most transport structures on public roads were built under outdated design norms, which do not correspond to modern load requirements. Almost half of Ukraine's transport structures are over 60 years old, making their deterioration inevitable. The situation is further complicated by increased traffic loads and the accumulation of deferred repairs, leading to a decline in the technical condition of these structures. Maintaining transport structures in proper condition is primarily a matter of traffic safety and the efficient operation of transport infrastructure. The available data in the “Analytical Expert System for Bridge Management” (AESBM) software complex and its analytical modules make it a reliable and efficient management tool for maintaining transport structures. Problem Statement. Ensuring stable transport connectivity is of great importance for the development and integration of Ukraine’s economic system into global and European structures. Today, under wartime conditions, maintaining operational infrastructure is critical for the functioning of the state and the livelihood of the population, despite limited resources. Objective. To provide an optimal approach to planning expenditures for the maintenance and repair of transport structures based on a comprehensive analysis of their current condition. Materials and Methods. Analytical, statistical, and systematic analysis methods were applied. Data were obtained from the AESBM software complex. Results. The paper presents the capabilities of AESBM in forming work plans for bridge inspections and subsequent repairs, considering various factors (general, calculated, and specific) under conditions of limited funding.

Denys Ovchar

Introduction. In modern conditions, logistics providers are forced to adapt to new realities, introducing modern methods of personnel management aimed at retaining employees, increasing their motivation and productivity. Important aspects are the development of professional development programs for drivers, improving working conditions, introducing flexible schedules and increasing the level of social security. Research into the main aspects of driver personnel management in crisis conditions is necessary to develop effective strategies for preserving human resources and ensuring the sustainability of logistics providers in conditions of instability. Problem Statement. The logistics sector in Ukraine is facing serious challenges caused by current crisis conditions, which affect business operations and personnel management. Martial law, mobilization, significant population migration, and other factors have significantly impacted the workforce of enterprises. The shortage of freight and passenger transport drivers, observed not only in Ukraine but also in developed countries, necessitates the search for effective approaches to improving driver personnel management in logistics provider enterprises under crisis conditions. Purpose. To analyze the main factors affecting the effectiveness of driver personnel management in crisis conditions, identify key problems and propose methodological approaches to improving these processes, which allow maintaining high productivity and reducing driver turnover in an unstable economy.

Inessa Rutkovska, Olesia Yaroshchuk

Introduction. The conditions of economic development and social changes in Ukraine require accelerated development of road transport infrastructure, which includes the road industry, motor roads and facilities located on them. During the construction, operation and repair of motor roads, operating vehicles emit pollutants from fuel combustion products into the air, and generate noise and vibration. Pollution of soils, groundwater, and then water bodies can occur due to the deposition of pollutants and dust emitted from running car engines on the road surface, as well as dust from worn tires, road markings, car parts, the road surface itself, used industrial oil, oil leaks, and de-icing materials (in winter). Problem statement. Today, the country is faced with the task of actively working to modernize, expand and improve the entire road network. However, economic development and the scale of natural resource use should not be a hazard to ecological balance. Objective. Taking into account environmental aspects in the design and operation of the motor road and transport infrastructure facilities intended for its maintenance can lead to an increase in the service life of these structures, a decrease in energy and material consumption for their restoration. Materials and methods. The life cycle assessment met

Andrii Skrypnyk, Mariia Yachnyk, Volodymyr Kaskiv et al.

Introduction. The article examines the importance of certification of road construction materials as one of the main tools for ensuring their quality. Problems. The authors emphasize that the certificate of conformity is a key document that confirms that the products meet the established regulatory requirements. Product certification, which includes laboratory tests and control of the production process, ensures the objectivity of quality assessment. The article describes in detail the stages of the certification process, from submitting an application to technical supervision of certified products. The role of certification bodies, which must be accredited by the National Accreditation Agency of Ukraine (NAAU), is emphasized separately, and their responsibility for the safety and quality of certified road construction materials is also noted. The authors also draw attention to the problem of non-compliance with the quality standards of road construction products in Ukraine, which leads to road defects, such as cracks and subsidence, which can appear already a year after the road is put into operation. In this context, it is emphasized the need to strengthen the quality control of both produced in Ukraine and imported road construction materials. The article also considers the issue of voluntary certification of road construction products, which is carried out at the initiative of the manufacturer or supplier, which is becoming more and more important in the conditions of tender procurement. At the same time, the lack of quality control of products sold through retail networks and the lack of effective quality control of imported road construction materials are emphasized.

N. S. Poornachandra, A. Manikanta, G. H. Bindu et al.

The building material industry, subgrade condition variations, and shifting vehicle patterns all need adjustments in the road construction technology sector. One of the most challenging sub-grade conditions that accounts for a significant percentage of pavement failures is the existence of expanding sub-grade. Black cotton soil covers around 20% of the geographical area in our nation. The soil is not suited for use as an embankment or foundation material because of its undesirable engineering properties, which include substantial swelling and shrinking. The prevalence of these soils in several countries, including India, is such that it is nearly impossible to reroute highways to avoid encountering them. Therefore, in order to enhance pavement performance and save maintenance costs, stabilizing the expansive soil is crucial. The research explores the cost-effectiveness and performance enhancements achieved through the use of industrial waste products, shedding light on their potential for improving sub-grade stability and sustainability in civil engineering projects. This study presents an economic comparative analysis of composite sub-grade layers utilizing black cotton soil, focusing on the influence of incorporating pozzolanic materials and admixtures.

E. Karelina

The article provides the analysis of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the roadbed soils in the areas of reinforced concrete culverts based on surveys conducted on one of the most important highways for the Siberian region. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the roadbed soils in the areas of reinforced concrete culverts are determined and combined into engineering and geological elements, graphs of the dependence of the soil compaction coefficient on the depth of the pit and the dynamic resistance of the soils are given, the values of the physical and mechanical characteristics of soils and the condition of the pavement in the areas of reinforced concrete culverts are compared.   It was found that in the areas of reinforced concrete culverts, when approaching the pipe, the number of defects and deformations of the pavement increases. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the roadbed soils located near the reinforced concrete culvert and at a distance of 30 m from the pipe axis differ. When moving away from the axis of the reinforced concrete culvert, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soils improve. The conducted visual, field, laboratory studies and dynamic sensing confirm this conclusion. So, in the sinuses of culverts, the dynamic resistance of the roadbed soil is set at 3 MPa, and at a distance of 30 m from the axis of the reinforced concrete culvert 4 MPa.   The research area under consideration is relevant, since timely, accurate and rapid assessment of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the roadbed soils is necessary to reduce road accidents and rational maintenance and repair.

A. Tsynka, Igor Gameliak, Serhii Rybalchenko et al.

Introduction. This article examines the issue of improving the methods of designing and calculating rigid road surfaces, outlined in the DSTU project “Guidelines for the Design of Rigid Road Surfaces” (hereinafter referred to as the DSTU project). The specified methods were developed on the basis of domestic and global experience in the design of highways with rigid road surfaces, analysis of current legal acts, regulatory documents, technical literature related to the object of standardization, taking into account the availability of modern road construction materials and technologies. density of traffic flow, diversity of subsoil, including in complex engineering and geological conditions, peculiarities of road and climatic regions of Ukraine, etc. Problem statement. The need for improvement and a unified approach to the design of rigid road clothing, taking into account the peculiarities of its operation, with the determination of the appropriate parameters depending on the initial data and the effective use of material and technical resources.

Tetyana Tereshchenko

Introduction. The introduction to the paper highlights the advantages of the «foundation concept» based on the interpretation of a pavement as the construction comprising the two main consecutively designed and constructed elements: the pavement foundation and the pavement construction itself. The realization of that concept allows the design and construction of so-called long-life pavements according up to 400 msa using hydraulically bound mixtures [2], or HBM. Problem Statement. The issues of the paper concern the problems of implementation of the European standards related requirements into native systems for road pavements designing. Purpose. The goal of the paper is to analyze the main provisions of the «foundation concept» and its possibilities in the application of the European standards requirements concerning road materials for the improvement of current systems for road pavements design. Results. The classification of the road pavement foundations was reviewed which is based on the long-term confined foundation surface modulus (FSM) values and comprises four classes (FC): FC1 – FSM ≥ 50 МPа; FC2 – FSM ≥ 100 МPа; FC3 – FSM ≥ 200 МPа; FC4 – FSM ≥ 400 МPа. According such classification, the two methodologies for the pavement foundation design were briefly reviewed and compared: the restricted foundation design and the performance foundation design.

E. R. Labaso, M. S. Ishak, dan M. Kasan

Pue Bongo street is one of the urban roads where the pavement is damaged. Based on the observations made, there are many types of damage found, disturbance to road users and have a major impact on safety and comfort.The purpose of this research is to knowing the condition of the damage that occurred and the appropriate form of handling the problem of damage to the Pue Bongo street. Data collection was carried out along the Sta.0+000 to Sta.1+525 roads, namely visually. The data required are secondary data and primary data. Secondary data were obtained through the Department of Highways and Spatial Planning of Central Sulawesi Province. Primary data was obtained through a visual road condition survey using the PCI and SDI methods. The results of the analysis of the condition of the Pue Bongo pavement with an average PCI value of 37.90 indicate poor conditions, while the SDI average value is 76.56 with moderate conditions. The recomended treatment based on PCI method is reconstruction/recycling, for the SDI method the recomended treatment is maintenance. As for the handling of damage basd eon the MDP 2017, namely peeling and replacing the material in certain areas.

Jing Zhao, Xuancang Wang, Shuai Wang et al.

D. Batrakov, M. Antyufeyeva, A. Batrakova

Abstract The main aim of the article is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of ground penetrating radars to assess various objects using the example of assessing the current state of highways. The article uses the software developed by the authors and the corresponding mathematical models. The analysis of the results obtained is based on mathematical models that have proven their effectiveness and is time-tested. It should be emphasised that the main problem in assessing roads with non-rigid pavement is associated with a change in the main parameters of the layers – thickness and dielectric constant. Previously, we proposed a scheme for the layer-by-layer determination of the values of the relative permittivity and then - the subsequent determination of the thickness of each layer, starting from the top layer and ending with the base. The paper presents the results of experiments actually carried out by the authors with various GPRs, which not only have different values of the central frequency, but also have significant design differences. In addition, the results of processing real data using the software developed by the authors are presented. As a result, an improved method of signal calibration has been proposed, which makes it possible to increase the reliability of assessing the thickness of road surfaces, as well as other objects.

Yanli Li

In the process of asphalt pavement maintenance management, the technical condition of the pavement is accurately predicted, its performance trend is predicted, and the right time is chosen to take targeted maintenance measures that will play a multiplier role, so predicting the technical condition of the pavement is important significance. This paper mainly studies the cluster dimensionality reduction evaluation method of the technical condition of expressway asphalt pavement. This paper summarizes the experience of regular highway inspection data inspection and analysis, and mainly studies the standardized analysis method of highway pavement inspection data, aiming to meet the data requirements at all levels through effective data analysis indicators. The experimental data in this paper show that the driving quality of the two-way pavement is good, the total average SRI is 91.2, and the evaluation is “excellent,” and the left width is slightly better than the right width; the transverse crack penetration of most reconstructed road sections is greater than 0.4, indicating that the transverse crack penetrates the road surface more serious. The experimental results of this paper show that the technical status of asphalt pavement based on cluster analysis has practical significance, and the analysis results show that the treatment effect is ideal.

Xiaofeng Yan, Zedong Liu, Zijing Zhuang et al.

With the growth of the country’s comprehensive strength, China’s road and bridge traffic is also growing rapidly. Therefore, the maintenance of highway bridge pavement has become extremely important. The main manifestation of highway bridge deck diseases is bridge deck cracks. If the bridge deck cracks are found in the early stage of damage and solved in time, it will undoubtedly greatly reduce the maintenance cost and care and ensure that the road can be driven safely. At present, the detection of highway bridge defects is mainly based on human vision, but this kind of artificial visual inspection is difficult to complete efficiently. The purpose of the article was to study image recognition techniques and measure the surface damage to bridge superstructures. It has also developed an intelligent software system that can measure and identify cracks under bridges. Aiming at the compatibility problem of wireless communication front end caused by the difference in wireless communication protocols, this study designs a high-applicability front-end control interface for wireless communication. After testing, data can be sent and received when the I/O mode rate drops to 10 Kbps. This method is severely limited and is not suitable for IoT applications with low power consumption and low frequency. It uses the SPI interface for communication and can send and receive normally at different rates, with an upper limit of 8 Mbps. This method consumes a little more pins, but the clock signal is stable, and the transmission performance can meet the needs of most applications.

Shuzhan Xu, Junxin Yang, Changbai Wang

Rutting is the main distress form of asphalt pavement, and its prediction accuracy is directly related to the reliability of the designed road. This research developed a neural network model to improve the prediction ability about the rutting of a pavement performance criterion and compared it with the multiple linear regression model and the existing neural network model. The neural network model is developed using the Keras module from the TensorFlow package in Python. Two reports generated by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program project 01-37A and the Long-Term Pavement Performance website records have been used as data sources for training the neural network model, which are reliable data preserved after years of monitoring. The input variables include the pavement thickness, service time, average annual daily traffic of trucks and the deformation of the asphalt concrete layer, granular base layer and subgrade layer. This experiment used 440 samples, of which 352 samples (80%) were used for model training and 88 samples (20%) for testing. The training results of the model reveal that the neural network model is significantly better than the multiple linear regression model, and the newly built neural network model performs better than another similar neural network in predictive performance. For the multiple linear regression model, the correlation coefficient R2 value between the measured and predicted in the testing set increased from 0.265 to 0.712. In contrast, it promotes from 0.867 to 0.902 for the neural network model.

Kostiantyn Cherednichenko

In world practice, one of the main features of integrated transport systems, is the delivery of goods «door-to-door», which is impossible without the road transport is being used at the final stage of transportation. Today, the situation on the Ukrainian roads has a negative trend in terms of traffic jams and accidents, which creates a risk of delay or damage to freight during the transportation process. The problem is how to optimize the urban transport network to meet the growing demand for transportation and reduce traffic congestion. Purpose. Investigate the root causes of traffic congestion and develop a tool in order to optimize the city network on the example of a traffic interchange. Analytical and experimental with the use of computer 3D-simulation. For a practical demonstration, a model of one of the most problematic, from the point of view of traffic jams, transport interchanges in Kyiv, was developed. An optimization experiment was conducted, which demonstrated an increase in interchange capacity by 26,2 % and reduction in average transportation time by 60,47 %. It is a difficult task to optimizing the transport network, because if you conduct an experiment with a real system, any changes could be catastrophic. In addition, it is necessary to anticipate the growth of traffic, take into account the economic, territorial and industrial characteristics of settlements. The research clearly demonstrates the possibilities of simulation computer modeling in this aspect. The purposed solution allows to optimize the city transport network without significant investment, and could reduce the risk of accidents, financial and time costs for transportation of goods by city in the global aspect.

Satkar Shrestha, R. Khadka

Pavement evaluation is the most significant procedure to minimize the degradation of the pavement both functionally and structurally. Proper evaluation of pavement is hence required to prolong the life year of the pavement, which thus needs to be addressed in the policy level. By this, the development of genuine indices are to be formulated and used for the evaluation. In context of evaluating the pavement indices for measuring the pavement roughness, International Roughness Index (IRI) is used, whereas for calculating the surface distress, indices as such Surface Distress Index (SDI) and Pavement Condition Index (PCI) are used. Past evaluating schemes used by Department of Roads (DOR) were limited to IRI for evaluating the pavement roughness and SDI for measuring the surface distress, which has least variability in categorizing the pavement according to the deformation. Apart from these, PCI which has wide range of categories for evaluating pavement, is not seen in practice in Nepal due to its cumbersome field work and calculations. In this paper the relationship is developed relating PCI with IRI and SDI using regression analysis by using Microsoft excel. In the other words, the pavement roughness index is compared with the surface distress indices. In 2017, 23.6Km of feeder roads in various locations of Kathmandu and Lalitpur districts were taken for this study which comprised of 236 sample data, each segmented to 100m. For this, IRI was sourced as secondary data, obtained from Highway Maintenance and Information System (HMIS) unit, Kathmandu, whereas, PCI and SDI were calculated from the field data obtained from the survey carried out in those sections manually. Then after, among 236 samples, 189 samples were taken for the relationship development which was then validated using 47 remaining samples. Furthermore, in the year, 2019 additional 3 Km of data was taken for validating the obtained relationships. It was done to improve the numerical predictions of data with such variation and thus satisfactory relationships were developed among the indices discussed in this study. The regression relationships between the two indices, IRI-PCI and IRI-SDI were thus significantly obtained. It has been found that the R² value for these relationships developed were statistically significant with 5% level of significance. The R² value for all the relationships showed that these relationships could be used for predicting the indices which would help in evaluating the pavement.

Febrianto, Alpius, Sufiati Bestari

Highway is part of the Science of Civil Engineering and always develops over time. In increasing the provision of land transportation, roads are important infrastructure that must be considered in development. The availability of adequate road infrastructure will have a positive impact on the development of community activities from the economic, political, social, cultural, defense and security aspects of the country.This research was intended to utilize Masuppu River Stones in Masanda Subdistrict as a mixture of AC-WC. The methodoIogy in this research is to conduct a series of tests for the characteristics of coarse, fine, and fiIIer aggregates, then design the composition of the Laston AC-WC mixture and the Marshall test to obtain the characteristics of the mixture and the MarshaII immersion test to obtain the immersion index (IP) / residuaI strength index (IKS) / durabiIity of the mixture with optimum asphaIt content. The results of research carried out at the Laboratory of Engineering and AspaI Functions of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering, Christian University of Indonesia, PauIus Makassar, show that the characteristics of the pavement material in the form of Masuppu River rock, Masanda District, meet the specifications as a road pavement coating material.

Arghya Dhabal

Abstract: A Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is need to performed at the design period of the projects in order to be proficient to performed more profitable, to help take decision for type of pavement selection either flexible or rigid and also, to decide the comparative expense of different type of pavement. Specially for developing countries like India, due to insufficient funds for the project. However, now-a-days in India many infrastructure development projects like highways are being executed through loan from different external funding agencies like Asian Development Bank (ADB), World Bank, New Development Bank (NDB) etc. in case of a highway construction project, the major expenditure involves in construction of pavements. Therefore, before constructing a new road it is essential to check the life cycle cost analysis of different pavement options to select a most economical pavement option form techno-economic consideration. It is obvious that in our country most of the existing pavements are flexible pavement which has lower design life and higher maintenance requirements due to unpredictable traffic growth with heavy axel load as compared to the rigid pavements. Nowadays rainfall rate also generally found uncertain so at rainy seasons. So lots of case found that the highways are submersed during flood. These is the most common issue found in our developing country. For that bituminous pavements found damaged and cracked mostly. For that Rigid pavements are a good substitute on Flexible pavements, Rigid pavement have long life cycle (30 years as per IRC) with less maintenance cost, But the cost of construction of rigid pavement is higher than that of flexible pavement, but the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) including all maintenance are much less than of flexible pavements and its equally effective at submersible condition even in case of rehabilitation of existing bituminous pavements, concrete overlays or white topping can be good and beneficial alternative when compared to bituminous overlays. In the present study, an attempt is made to evaluate and compare the LCC of flexible and rigid pavements to be used for rehabilitation of an existing bituminous road. It provides results about the best suitable, economical and cost effective pavements. Net present value method of LCC is used for evaluating the pavements, this method takes into consideration initial construction cost and maintenance cost for design life period of both the pavements. With the help of this analysis a comparison of total life cycle cost of concrete pavements and bituminous pavements can be found out and best pavement alternative can be considered. Life cycle cost analysis: It is an important economic analysis used in the selection of alternatives that impact both initial and future cost. It evaluates the cost efficiency of alternatives based on the net present value (NPV) method which provides the total cost required during life cycle of the project. Keywords: Life Cycle Cost, Preamsar – Hirnikheda - Mundla Road, Rigid Pavement, Flexible Pavement, Traffic, Cost Estimates, MPRDC, Major District Roads.