Hasil untuk "Bibliography. Library science. Information resources"

Peter M. Kogge

Processing in Memory (PIM) and similar terms such as Compute In Memory (CIM), Logic in Memory (LIM), In Memory Computing (IMC), and Near Memory Computing (NMC) have gained attention recently as a potentially ``revolutionary new'' technique. The truth, however, is that many examples of the technology go back over 60 years. This document attempts to provide an annotated bibliography of PIM technology that attempts to cover the whole time-frame, and is organized to augment a forth-coming article.

Qiaoyi Liu, Jian Qin

Introduction. Ontologies as knowledgebases have been heavily applied in computational biological studies by implementing into ML models for purposes such as disease-gene associations identification. Method. We conduct a case study using gene ontology (GO) annotation data and three ML models to replicate the prediction of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-causing genes. Analysis. Data were collected from GO and Simmons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI). The semantic similarities between GO annotation terms on gene products were calculated. Results. The best-performing model can reach an AUC of .85, which means using GO annotation data for ASD disease-gene prediction can receive a significantly accurate result. However, we stress the importance of constructing knowledgebases in adapting to LLMs and the role of LIS professionals in curating community knowledge for interoperability and reuse. Conclusions. Biomedical ontologies play a crucial role in the discovery of biomedical knowledge. Knowledge organization and computer science domains require more communication and synchronization in the face of emerging AI and ML technologies.

Atnafu Lambebo Tonja, Olga Kolesnikova, Alexander Gelbukh et al.

Recent research in natural language processing (NLP) has achieved impressive performance in tasks such as machine translation (MT), news classification, and question-answering in high-resource languages. However, the performance of MT leaves much to be desired for low-resource languages. This is due to the smaller size of available parallel corpora in these languages, if such corpora are available at all. NLP in Ethiopian languages suffers from the same issues due to the unavailability of publicly accessible datasets for NLP tasks, including MT. To help the research community and foster research for Ethiopian languages, we introduce EthioMT -- a new parallel corpus for 15 languages. We also create a new benchmark by collecting a dataset for better-researched languages in Ethiopia. We evaluate the newly collected corpus and the benchmark dataset for 23 Ethiopian languages using transformer and fine-tuning approaches.

Flora Lobosco

Василь Ґабор

Проаналізовано понад двадцять подорожніх нарисів про Італію, у яких наявні українські алюзії. Досліджено, що серед яскравих опосередкованих та прямих українських алюзій і порівнянь можна виділити такі умовні групи: 1) короткі екскурси в українську історію та окремі історичні вкраплення; 2) використання українських реалій у порівняннях, згадки про українських письменників і цитування їхніх творів, співзучних настроям авторів; 3) рефлексії щодо впливів італійської культури й мистецтва на українську; 4) сприйняття італійцями України та «українізація» західноукраїнськими авторами імен італійських митців. З’ясовано, що провідні західноукраїнські часописи першої третини ХХ ст., такі як «Літературно-Науковий Вістник», «Діло», «Новий Час», «Час» та «Назустріч», систематично публікували подорожні нариси, у яких наявні українські алюзії. Однак редакційна політика видань щодо публікації подорожніх нарисів була різною. У більшості з цих часописів друкувалися подорожні нариси різних за фахом авторів, що сприяло багатовекторності поглядів та емоційного сприйняття історичного, мистецького й духовного світу Італії, однак в «Літературно-Науковому Вістнику» та «Новому Часі» містилися подорожні есеї виключно їхніх редакторів, що суттєво звужувало широту поглядів та різноманітність емоційного тла. У подорожніх нарисах відомих учених, митців та журналістів – Михайла Грушевського, Гавриїла Костельника, Осипа Назарука, Михайла Посацького, Святослава Гординського, Григорія Смольського, Михайла Островерхи, Миколи Троцького та ін. – виразно простежуються українські алюзії, які сприяли спорідненню нашого народу та його історії з іншими народами, їхньою культурою й дозволяли українцям відчувати себе частиною європейської цивілізації.

Kenji Kawaguchi, Zhun Deng, Xu Ji et al.

Numerous deep learning algorithms have been inspired by and understood via the notion of information bottleneck, where unnecessary information is (often implicitly) minimized while task-relevant information is maximized. However, a rigorous argument for justifying why it is desirable to control information bottlenecks has been elusive. In this paper, we provide the first rigorous learning theory for justifying the benefit of information bottleneck in deep learning by mathematically relating information bottleneck to generalization errors. Our theory proves that controlling information bottleneck is one way to control generalization errors in deep learning, although it is not the only or necessary way. We investigate the merit of our new mathematical findings with experiments across a range of architectures and learning settings. In many cases, generalization errors are shown to correlate with the degree of information bottleneck: i.e., the amount of the unnecessary information at hidden layers. This paper provides a theoretical foundation for current and future methods through the lens of information bottleneck. Our new generalization bounds scale with the degree of information bottleneck, unlike the previous bounds that scale with the number of parameters, VC dimension, Rademacher complexity, stability or robustness. Our code is publicly available at: https://github.com/xu-ji/information-bottleneck

Kieran A. Murphy, Dani S. Bassett

Deterministic chaos permits a precise notion of a "perfect measurement" as one that, when obtained repeatedly, captures all of the information created by the system's evolution with minimal redundancy. Finding an optimal measurement is challenging, and has generally required intimate knowledge of the dynamics in the few cases where it has been done. We establish an equivalence between a perfect measurement and a variant of the information bottleneck. As a consequence, we can employ machine learning to optimize measurement processes that efficiently extract information from trajectory data. We obtain approximately optimal measurements for multiple chaotic maps and lay the necessary groundwork for efficient information extraction from general time series.

Rachel Chandler

Open Educational Resources (OER) play a key role in reducing the financial burden and increasing the accessibility of learning for students in higher education. OER can be considered an important field of research for academic librarians and supports the democratic mission of academic libraries. This study aimed to track the publication of scholarly literature about OER and higher education from 2002 to 2022 using a bibliometric research methodology. In addition, this research sought to assess the productivity of Library and Information Science (LIS) scholarship on this topic and investigate research trends, like open textbooks. Web of Science (WOS) was searched for publications and the search results were mapped to determine publication productivity, core authors, core journals, and research topics in the scholarly literature about OER and higher education. Research on OER has been steadily increasing since 2002, and this study indicates that research has increased significantly on the topic in the last six years. The data in this study support that most productivity in research on this topic is in the field of Education, but also found a presence of scholarship on the topic in the field of LIS.

Jens Bemme, Martin Munke

Die Möglichkeiten, die sich Bibliotheken im Wikiversum bieten, werden oft noch unterschätzt. Vielfältige Gemeinschaften konsultieren die offenen digitalen Werkzeuge der globalen Portalfamilie täglich, bauen sie individuell aus und reichern sie an. Sowohl die Nutzung von Bibliotheken durch Angehörige dieser Gemeinschaften als auch die Nutzung des Wikiversums durch Bibliotheken bleiben häufig noch eine Einbahnstraße. Dabei können wir beidseitig von diesen Potentialen profitieren: in der Wissenschaftskommunikation, für die erhöhte Sichtbarkeit digitaler Sammlungen, crowdsourcing-basierte Erschließungsprojekte, kollaborative Editionen, offene bibliografische Metadaten und für das Community Building. Im Beitrag wird gezeigt, wie die Werkzeuge und Methoden der Wikimediaportale für die Wissenschaftskommunikation einer Landes- und Universitätsbibliothek für bürgerwissenschaftliche und professionelle Forschungsprojekte genutzt werden. Wikidata, Wikisource, Wikiversity, Wikimedia Commons und Wikipedia dienen dabei in variierendem Maß als communityorientierte Publikations- und Kommunikationsorte für Transkriptionen, Visualisierungen, Software und als Linked Open Data-Hub. Jenseits der inhaltlichen Fokussierung werden so auch Methoden vorgestellt, die im Sinne einer Digital Information Literacy auch das Schulungs- und Veranstaltungsangebot öffentlicher Bibliotheken bereichern und einen Beitrag leisten können, Bibliotheken als wichtige Player im „Informationsmarkt“ zu positionieren. The possibilities offered to libraries in the wikiverse are often still underestimated. The open digital tools of the global portal family are intensively consulted, enriched and expanded on a daily basis, both by individuals and by diverse communities. The use of libraries by members of these communities as well as the use of the Wikiverse by libraries often remain a one-way street. Yet we can benefit from these potentials on both sides: in scholarly communication, for increased visibility of digital collections, crowdsourcing-based indexing projects, collaborative editions, open bibliographic metadata and for community building.The paper shows how the tools and methods of the Wikimedia portals are used for the scholarly communication of a state and university library, both for citizen science and for professional research projects. Wikidata, Wikisource, Wikiversity, Wikimedia Commons and Wikipedia serve to varying degrees as community-oriented publication and communication sites for transcriptions, visualisations, software and as a Linked Open Data hub. Beyond a focus on content, we also present methods that also enrich the training and event offerings of public libraries in the sense of digital information literacy. They can contribute to positioning libraries as important players in the "information market".

Xinwen Xi

Розглянуто базові принципи модернізації публічних бібліотек Китайської народної республіки, які відбуваються під впливом зовнішніх і внутрішніх факторів. У якості зовнішніх факторів виступають процеси інформатизації та цифровізації суспільства, активного запровадження мережевих комунікацій. До внутрішніх факторів віднесено інноваційне мислення, корпоративну культуру, креативне ставлення до запровадження інновацій та системний підхід. До базових принципів модернізації — клієнтоорієнтованість, відкритість інформаційного простору та інклюзивність. Застосування цих принципів ілюструється на прикладах публічних бібліотек Китаю.

Valentim Realinho, Jorge Machado, Luís Baptista et al.

Higher education institutions record a significant amount of data about their students, representing a considerable potential to generate information, knowledge, and monitoring. Both school dropout and educational failure in higher education are an obstacle to economic growth, employment, competitiveness, and productivity, directly impacting the lives of students and their families, higher education institutions, and society as a whole. The dataset described here results from the aggregation of information from different disjointed data sources and includes demographic, socioeconomic, macroeconomic, and academic data on enrollment and academic performance at the end of the first and second semesters. The dataset is used to build machine learning models for predicting academic performance and dropout, which is part of a Learning Analytic tool developed at the Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre that provides information to the tutoring team with an estimate of the risk of dropout and failure. The dataset is useful for researchers who want to conduct comparative studies on student academic performance and also for training in the machine learning area.

Jieao Zhu, Zhongzhichao Wan, Linglong Dai et al.

Traditional massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) information theory adopt non-physically consistent assumptions, including white-noised, scalar-quantity, far-field, discretized, and monochromatic EM fields, which mismatch the nature of the underlying electromagnetic (EM) fields supporting the physical layer of wireless communication systems. To incorporate EM laws into designing procedures of the physical layer, we first propose the novel concept of EM physical layer, whose backbone theory is called EM information theory (EIT). In this article, we systematically investigate the basic ideas and main results of EIT. First, we review the fundamental analytical tools of classical information theory and EM theory. Then, we introduce the modeling and analysis methodologies of EIT, including continuous field modeling, degrees of freedom, and mutual information analyses. Several EIT-inspired applications are discussed to illustrate how EIT guides the design of practical wireless systems. Finally, we point out the open problems of EIT, where further research efforts are required for EIT to construct a unified interdisciplinary theory.

André Bonsanto

Este trabalho pretende delinear uma perspectiva ampliada sobre o fenômeno das fake news para problematizar o ambiente (des)informativo e revisionista em curso. Partimos do pressuposto que há uma proliferação cada vez mais proeminente de narrativas – que aqui definimos como “historiográfico-midiáticas” - capazes de reconfigurar o ecossistema informacional, evidenciando a conformação de novos atores, formatos e linguagens no cenário contemporâneo. Desta forma, propomos alguns olhares interpretativos sobre a produtora de conteúdo Brasil Paralelo, empresa que vêm se destacando com um reconhecido protagonismo na construção de narrativas deliberadamente revisionistas sobre a história recente brasileira. Como uma estratégia de embate político, estas narrativas serão pensadas sob um viés que as tensionem para além das notícias e do jornalismo propriamente dito, nos mostrando como a noção de (pós)“verdade” está circunscrita a uma problemática que envolve questões de ordem social, política e epistemológica, responsáveis por incitar - nos espaços comuns propiciados pelos ambientes digitais – a profusão de agendas específicas e muito bem delimitadas

Stacy Allison-Cassin

Book Review

Dilip Arumugam, Benjamin Van Roy

All sequential decision-making agents explore so as to acquire knowledge about a particular target. It is often the responsibility of the agent designer to construct this target which, in rich and complex environments, constitutes a onerous burden; without full knowledge of the environment itself, a designer may forge a sub-optimal learning target that poorly balances the amount of information an agent must acquire to identify the target against the target's associated performance shortfall. While recent work has developed a connection between learning targets and rate-distortion theory to address this challenge and empower agents that decide what to learn in an automated fashion, the proposed algorithm does not optimally tackle the equally important challenge of efficient information acquisition. In this work, building upon the seminal design principle of information-directed sampling (Russo & Van Roy, 2014), we address this shortcoming directly to couple optimal information acquisition with the optimal design of learning targets. Along the way, we offer new insights into learning targets from the literature on rate-distortion theory before turning to empirical results that confirm the value of information when deciding what to learn.

Sébastien Plutniak

Community detection is a major issue in network analysis. This paper combines a socio-historical approach with an experimental reconstruction of programs to investigate the early automation of clique detection algorithms, which remains one of the unsolved NP-complete problems today. The research led by the archaeologist Jean-Claude Gardin from the 1950s on non-numerical information and graph analysis is retraced to demonstrate the early contributions of social sciences and humanities. The limited recognition and reception of Gardin's innovative computer application to the humanities are addressed through two factors, in addition to the effects of historiography and bibliographies on the recording, discoverability, and reuse of scientific productions: 1) funding policies, evidenced by the transfer of research effort on graph applications from temporary interdisciplinary spaces to disciplinary organizations related to the then-emerging field of computer science; and 2) the erratic careers of algorithms, in which efficiency, flaws, corrections, and authors' status, were determining factors.

Érika Rayanne Silva de Carvalho, F. Leite

This article aimed to analyze studies that constitute the current research scenario on Citizen Science in the field of the Information Science, as presented in the scientific literature. This is a bibliographic research in which the Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) database was used for data collection. After careful evaluation, eleven papers were selected to compose the study. The results achieved point out that there is disciplinary diversity in Citizen Science projects, there is an opportune context for libraries to conduct scientific training practices, several factors influence the participation of citizens in scientific projects, the domain of citizens over digital resources is highly relevant in Citizen Science projects and the citizen participation in scientific projects seems to turn around large-scale data collection, which does not necessarily reflect the collaborative potential of these citizens.

Арина Владимировна Куликова

The operating features of the RF regional reference resources are examined; their advancement and place within the flow of sci-tech publications are discussed. During the recent two decades, the new trends emerged: stable interest toward science reference publications in regional studies; publishing of proprietary, subject, thematic and digital reference works in the regions. Initially, these works were prepared by large (republican, regional, municipal) libraries. AS the most recent trend, these publications has been covering the minor territories (district, small town, village). Today many minor Russian libraries promote regional sci-tech information (primarily collapsed, generalized, reference information). The author participates in the project “The regional encyclopedias of Russia” promoted by the Russian National Library. In fact, this is the bibliographic index within the segment of reference resources, namely, science encyclopedias in regional studies ( http://nlr.ru/res/epubl/rue/content.html ). The resource is supplemented with additional lists comprising other types of reference literature (toponymical, administrative-territorial, biographical and other regional scientific reference publications). It is interesting to analyze these publications from the viewpoint of current innovative processes. The author attempts to formulate the concept of “reference resources in regional studies”, to divide them into a segment within the array of the regional reference sources, to specify the generation principles and problems of functioning, to demonstrate the demand for these publications in modern communities.

Iwona Łukijaniuk

W artykule omówiono historię księgozbioru Marcina Goślickiego i jego bratanka Wawrzyńska Goślickiego (1530-1607) oraz ich bibliofilskie fascynacje. Autorka opracowała katalog 19 zachowanych dzieł z biblioteki Goślickich, podał skrócony opis, ograniczając się do podstawowych jego elementów: hasło autorskie, tytuł, miejsce i rok wydania, nazwisko i imię drukarza, format. Opisy uzupełnione są informacjami na temat proweniencji, superekslibrysów oraz cytatą bibliograficzną.

CHEN Tao, SHAN Rongrong, LI Hui

[Purpose/Significance] A large number of image resources in digital humanities have not been in effective use for a long time, and the phenomenon of "isolated image islands" is intensifying. The International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) opens a new window for more in-depth interactions with image applications. Image annotation is the key to breaking image islands and enhancing image recognition. [Method/Process] Based on IIIF framework, this paper proposes three dimensions of image annotation: image-level metadata injection, object-level content transcription, and semantic-level deep annotation connection. At the same time, the ontology management platform built in the paper provides ontology support for semantic annotation of image resources. [Results/Conclusions] This paper takes Night-Shining White, a monochrome ink-on-paper painting by Han Gan, as an example. In this case, the paper discusses the new interactive experience and research mode brought by the use of image annotation and IIIF technology in semantic enhancement of images, object tag clustering and precise associations of resources. It indicates that the combination of IIIF, linked data and artificial intelligence (AI) is bound to open a new era of digital humanities research.