Hasil untuk "Social sciences (General)"

Bülent Öngören, Menekşe İntizamoğlu

Bu çalışma, üniversite öğrencilerinde internet ve sosyal medya kullanımının olumlu beden imajı ile ilişkisini incelemektedir. İnternet ve sosyal medya kullanımının artışı, bireylerin beden imajı algıları değiştirmiştir. Sosyal medyada idealize beden imajlarıyla karşılaşan bireyler kendi bedenleriyle ilgili memnuniyetsizlik yaşayabilmektedir. Bu durumun, gençlerin psikolojik sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yaratabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, internet ve sosyal medya kullanımının beden imajı üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması önemlidir. Araştırmada, tarama modeli kullanılmış ve 316 üniversite öğrencisi katılım sağlamıştır. Veri toplama araçları, tanımlayıcı bilgi formu, Bedeni Beğenme Ölçeği ve Sosyal Medya Kullanım Ölçeğidir. Veriler SPSS 22 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, sosyal medya kullanım süresi arttıkça, olumlu beden imajının azaldığı; sosyal medya kullanımının sürekliliği arttıkça, olumlu beden imajının da azaldığı ancak sosyal medya kullanım yeterliliği arttıkça, olumlu beden imajının da arttığı görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte beden kitle indeksi arttıkça ise, olumlu beden imajının azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, internet ve sosyal medya kullanımının üniversite öğrencilerinin beden imajı üzerinde önemli etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir. Sosyal medya kullanım süresi ve kullanım sürekli arttıkça, bireylerin beden imajı ile ilgili sorunları da artmaktadır. Sosyal medya kullanım yeterliliği yüksek olan bireyler ise, beden imajı ile ilgili daha az sorun yaşamaktadır. Bu nedenle, sosyal medyanın bilinçli ve kontrollü bir şekilde kullanılması, beden imajı üzerinde oluşabilecek olumsuz etkileri azaltmak için önemlidir.

Franjo Matanović

Proza.

Dicky Janeman Paseki, Carlo Aldrin Gerungan, Djoly Alfrits Sualang

This study aims to analyze the role of the Minahasa Regency General Election Commission (KPU) in ensuring the fulfillment of Minahasa residents' voting rights in the 2024 General Election (Pemilu) in accordance with Law No. 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method that focuses on the implementation of duties, authorities, and challenges faced by the KPU in managing the permanent voter list (DPT), election socialization, and providing accessibility for vulnerable groups. The results of the study indicate that the Minahasa Regency KPU has a strategic role in implementing inclusive election stages through voter education programs, factual verification of voter data, and strengthening equal community participation for all levels of citizens including the disabled. However, the lack of voter understanding and technical challenges in the field require integrated solutions.

Mingwei Su, Yunbo Zheng

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to understand the spatial and temporal evolution of the level of rule of law government construction in China and the mechanism of influence, in an attempt to expand the research direction of legal geography, and to provide empirical cases for how developing countries can promote the rule of law construction under unbalanced geographic, economic and institutional conditions. The study investigates the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of law-based government construction levels in each of China’s 31 provincial administrative regions from 2015 to 2022, employing the Moran index and geographic detectors. The results show: (1) The construction level of law-based government in each provincial administrative region has exhibited a clear upward trend, shifting from predominantly “low” and “medium-low” levels to predominantly “medium-high” and “high” levels. (2) The construction level of law-based government and its development type exhibit clear spatial aggregation in each region. The spatial distribution of the four categorized types shows continuity and obvious characteristics of agglomeration. (3) The construction of a law-based government is influenced by economic, social, environmental, and political factors. The basic economic system, level of economic development, and resources per capita available to the administration have the greatest impact. The interaction between these factors significantly enhances their influence on the level of law-based government construction. The improvement of the level of rule of law government construction not only depends on the economic foundation and institutional resources, but is also affected by multiple factors such as urbanization development, demographic structure, public service provision, and institutional innovation path.

Betty Sirera, Violet Naanyu, Peter Kussin et al.

BackgroundPatient satisfaction remains a key area of interest worldwide; utilizing a patient-centered communication approach, particularly with patients with chronic life-limiting illnesses may be one way to achieve this. However, there is a dearth of empirical information on the effect of patient-centered communication strategies in patients with chronic life-limiting illnesses in Kenya on patient satisfaction.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of patient-centered communication on patient satisfaction.MethodsWe conducted our study at a tertiary teaching and referral hospital in Kenya. We utilized a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test study design and engaged 301 adult medical in-patients with chronic life limiting conditions. We randomized them to receive patient-centered communication, and evaluated the change in patient satisfaction scores using an adapted Medical Interview satisfaction Scale 21 (MISS 21).ResultsTwo hundred and seventy-eight out of 301 recruited participants completed the study. The baseline characteristics of the participants randomized to the control and intervention arms were similar. Although both the control and intervention arms had a decline in the mean difference scores, the intervention arm recorded a larger decline, −15.04 (−20.6, −9.47) compared to −7.87 (−13.63, −2.12), with a statistically significant mean difference between the two groups at −7.16 (−9.67, −4.46). Participants in the intervention arm were less likely to: understand the cause of their illness (p < 0.001), understand aspects of their illness (p < 0.001), understand the management plan (p < 0.001), receive all the relevant information on their health (p < 0.001), and to receive adequate self-care information (p < 0.001). They were also less likely to acknowledge a good interpersonal relationship with the healthcare providers (p < 0.001), to feel comfortable discussing private issues (p < 0.004), and to feel that the consultation time was adequate (p < 0.001).Conclusion and recommendationContrary to expectation, patient-centered communication did not result in improved patient satisfaction scores. Further studies can evaluate factors affecting and explaining this relationship and assess intermediate and long-term effects of provision of a patient-centered communication in diverse global contexts.

Gobbi, Marcia Aparecida

Mulheres mães-solo tornaram-se um fenômeno social comum não apenas a quem pesquisa o tema. Sua existência remete à produção de diferentes configurações familiares e organizações produzidas pelas mulheres de modo individual ou coletivamente, econômica ou espacialmente. Neste artigo, fruto de pesquisas sobre luta por moradia na cidade de São Paulo, destaca-se a ideia de criação da Casa da Mãe Solo e sua confluência com práticas de empoderamento, tal como chamadas por sua criadora na Ocupação Jardim da União, situada no extremo da Zona Sul paulistana. A Casa é/foi criada de modo concomitante à espera das crianças que estão sendo gestadas. Entrevistas-passo e outras semidirigidas somaram-se a observações de campo realizadas ao longo de 2018/2019, compondo metodologicamente a pesquisa. A Casa da Mãe Solo é um ponto de partida para se refletir sobre diferentes configurações de lutas de mulheres em movimentos sociais urbanos por moradia. Ela busca abrigar e produzir discussões, formação, cuidados e solidariedade às mães-solo desta Ocupação, o que, indiretamente, implica reflexões sobre a produção de uma infância periférica na relação com as mulheres. O artigo visa contribuir para estudos sociais da infância e estudos de gênero e mulheres na intersecção com a educação, bem como indagar políticas públicas para mulheres, infância, moradia e educação

Fuli Zhou, Yandong He, Felix T. S. Chan et al.

With the increasing demand of individual customption and awareness of cost reduction in express delivery organizations, the Chinese express industry faced with serious challenges especially under the background of government’s strict restrictions on environment and transportation. Therefore, a new service mode called joint distruction (JD) is being tried by the logistics industry, which is expected to address the challenges on online shopping. However, the insufficient understanding of JD adoption factors and their complicated interactions blocks the effectively implementation of the joint distribution. This study aims at identifying potential factors for JD adoption and promoting an effective joint distribution by discovering the interactive relationships among addressed factors. Firstly, potential ingredients for the adoption and implementation of JD are summarized from the literature and industrial interviews. Then, 23 variables are selected and classified into as objectives, drivers, barriers and affected operations. The Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach is then employed to analyze the crucial factors and the mutual influences amongst 23 variables. Finally, a case study is performed to construct the hierarchical structure of factors toward joint distribution adoption using the proposed ISM-modeling steps. The perplex hierarchical co-relationships are also identified by categorizing the driving variables and dependent variables. Results can assist express enterprises to promote the novel joint distribution mode and acheive higher efficiency of logistics operation by better understanding on crucial factors of JD adoption and implementation.

André Lemos, Leonardo Pastor

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a relação entre a prática de dado e as ações algorítmicas em plataformas digitais. Para isso, fazemos uma análise descritiva dos documentos do Instagram que são dirigidos aos seus usuários, identificando o que sugere ação e consequência prática das materialidades digitais em termos de produção, compartilhamento e coleta. Através deles, observamos a centralidade da experiência nesse tipo de construção informacional, desenvolvida na relação com processos de dataficação – a qual chamamos de experiência algorítmica. A partir de uma perspectiva pragmatista e neomaterialista, sugerimos segui-la buscando perceber as diferenças práticas produzidas no uso de plataformas digitais e identificando interações relevantes em práticas situadas.

Pisaniak P, Tarczon A, Konarska M et al.

Paulina Pisaniak,1 Aleksander Tarczon,1 Milena Konarska,2 Dorota Ozga3 1Emergency Medical Services Scientific Circle, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland; 2Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia; 3College of Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, PolandCorrespondence: Dorota Ozga Tel +48 575 781 979Email gdozga@poczta.fmBackground and Objectives: Despite the fact that vaccines save many lives worldwide, in many countries, including Poland, the percentage of unvaccinated children is constantly growing. The main reasons for low immunisation coverage include parents’ concerns about the safety of vaccines, their fears related to possible adverse events following vaccination, and the increasingly powerful activity of anti-vaccine movements. It is necessary to monitor the public’s attitudes to vaccination in order to implement appropriate solutions to prevent a resurgence of epidemics. The aim of the study was to assess Polish parents’ opinions about and awareness of immunisation-related issues.Methods: The study, based on an online survey, investigated Polish mothers’ attitudes towards the use of vaccines, their opinions regarding the sanctions for a failure to vaccinate a child, and the correlations between the result and the socio-demographic characteristics.Results: A total of 646 responses were collected, including 593 from mothers from general-interest groups and 53 from anti-vax groups. Differences were identified in vaccination coverage among children of respondents from general-interest groups and anti-vax groups. The findings show that the respondents from anti-vax groups stopped vaccinating more often due to vaccine adverse events and inadequate response from doctors.Conclusion: Most of the respondents are aware of anti-vaccine movements and have a negative attitude to them, but these movements still influence the public. Also, the findings show a correlation between the level of education and a general attitude to immunisation – people with higher education more often have a negative opinion on this matter.Keywords: immunisation, social media, vaccine adverse events, anti-vaccine movement

Elham Mohebbi, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Alireza Noroozi et al.

Background<br /> Providing population-based data on awareness, attitude and practice of drug and stimulant use has policy implications. A national study was conducted among Iranian general population to explore life time prevalence, awareness and attitudes toward opioids and stimulant use.<br />  <br /> Methods<br /> We recruited subjects from 5 provinces with heterogenic pattern of drug use. Participants were selected using stratified multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression model was applied to identify the variables that are associated with drug and stimulant use.<br />  <br /> Results<br /> In total 2065 respondents including 1155 men (33.96 ± 10.40 years old) and 910 women (35.45 ± 12.21 years old) were recruited. Two-third of respondents had good awareness about adverse effects of opioid use. Corresponding figure in terms of stimulants was 81.4%. Almost 95% of participants reported a negative attitude towards either opioid or stimulant use. The lifetime prevalence of opioid use and stimulant use were 12.9% (men: 21.5%, women: 4.0%) and 7.3% (men: 9.6%, women: 4.9%), respectively. Gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]M/W = 6.92; 95% CI: 2.92, 16.42), education (AORundergraduate/diploma or less = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.90), and marital status (AORothers/single = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.36, 3.33) were significantly related with opioid use. With respect to stimulant use, age was negatively associated with the outcome (AOR60+/20-29 years = 0.08: 95% CI; 0.01, 0.98) and men were 2 times more likely than women to use stimulants (ORM/W=2.15: 95% CI: 0.83, 5.56). In addition, marital status (AOROthers/singles = 3.45; 95% CI: 1.09, 10.93), and awareness (AORWeak and moderate/good = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.61) were independently correlated with stimulants use.<br />  <br /> Conclusion<br /> While the attitude of Iranian adults toward opioid and stimulant use was negative, their awareness was not that adequate to prevent the drug use. Men and those with lower socio-economic status (SES) should be the focus of health promotion programs regarding opioid use. However, regarding stimulants use, promotion programs should target younger age groups and those with higher SES status.

Márcio Gabriel Plastina Júnior, Leonardo José Peixoto Leal

As dificuldades econômicas e financeiras pelas quais passam as mais diversas empresas, em especial em tempos de crise, podem levá-las ao processo de Recuperação Judicial ou até mesmo o seu fim, por meio do processo falimentar. Ocorre que, justamente nesse período em que as empresas encontram-se fragilizadas é que se dá maior abertura ao processo de incorporação, sobretudo por suas concorrentes. Tal fato, gera o problema acerca do controle de mercado, violando diversos princípios e normas ligadas à Livre Concorrência. Questiona-se, portanto, qual a atuação do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE) em tais processos de incorporação e fusão? Assim, analisar-se-ão os posicionamentos firmados pela Autarquia, por meio de decisões já existentes. Como metodologia, utiliza-se o estudo descritivo-analítico, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, legislativa e documental. Por fim, conclui-se sugerindo a aplicação da Teoria Failing Company Defense para a resolução de processos da mesma natureza.

Jeisson Ipia Astudillo, Harvy Vivas Pacheco

El artículo analiza la relación entre los precios del suelo, la distancia a los centros de empleo y la presencia de segregación residencial en la ciudad de Cali. Para el logro de tales propósitos se realizaron análisis exploratorios y confirmatorios de datos espaciales utilizando como unidad de análisis los barrios. Para identificar los centros y subcentros se utilizaron métodos matemáticos y se calibró una función cubic spline a partir de los avalúos catastrales y las densidades de empleo. Los análisis exploratorios sugirieron la especificación de modelos econométricos espaciales que relacionaron la distribución del empleo, los precios del suelo y la segregación residencial. Los hallazgos aportaron evidencia sobre la transición hacia una estructura multicéntrica en la ciudad, a pesar de la elevada importancia que todavía tiene el centro tradicional. Los ejercicios econométricos mostraron que los precios del suelo obedecen a un patrón diferenciado con avalúos altos sobre todo el eje longitudinal y avalúos bajos hacia las zonas periféricas en las que prevalecen distancias relativamente altas a los centros y donde se concentran los grupos de mayor vulnerabilidad social y económica de la ciudad.

Rubia R. Valente, Brian J.L. Berry

This paper analyzes the consequences of peer victimization for the satisfaction with schooling (“happiness”) of college-bound high school graduates in Brazil.  Several types of victimization are explored including discrimination due to race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, sexual orientation, religious affiliation, and disability. We compare the satisfaction with their schooling of students planning to head to college straight from high school and older students applying for college later in life (“nontraditional students”). We conclude that students who perceived that they had been discriminated against were more dissatisfied with their school experience than those who did not, ceteris paribus, and we relate level of dissatisfaction to type of discrimination. The older student evidence reveals that this dissatisfaction wanes with time and age, however. Our conclusions are based upon ordered logistic analyses of data for 2.4 million current high school seniors and 78.7 thousand older students drawn from the Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio questionnaire (ENEM).

Roberto DaMatta

Neste trabalho eu avalio as implicações teóricas do conceito de espaço a partir de uma experiência na etnologia e de estudos de interpretação do Brasil do ângulo das celebrações e dos costumes rotineiros.

Jorge Ramón González Ponciano

Thomas Kunz, Dru Lavigne, François Lefebvre

Open source software and hardware has become an accepted way of developing new and interesting applications in many information and communication technology domains: operating systems, databases, Web infrastructure, and applications. It's not surprising that with the increasing popularity of mobile handheld devices, users and researchers have explored the power of open approaches to providing innovative new applications and services in this domain. However, unlike personal computers and the Internet, mobile handsets were tightly controlled by mobile network operators (MNOs) who developed a vertical ecosystem by integrating the communication infrastructure, the handheld device hardware, and often the applications installed on those devices. The software and protocols running the mobile communications infrastructure and devices are often standardized by membership-only bodies, where large MNOs and manufacturers have a predominant influence. These players invest significant financial resources into shaping the industry along their vision to gain a competitive advantage. A current example is the ongoing battle about the dominant radio access technology for 4G cellular systems: LTE vs. Wimax. These trends have changed recently. Companies such as Google, Nokia, or Openmoko and Industry Alliances such as the Open Handset Alliance are providing the core building blocks, both in hardware as well as software, of increasingly open mobile devices. This issue of the OSBR reviews the relevant trends in the open mobile platform space from a number of perspectives. As the articles in these issue show, there is a lot of exciting ongoing work that brings the power of open source development to the mobile space. This trend is not just confined to the mobile devices as there are also efforts in the development of open mobile infrastructure elements and whole systems.

Agnès Edel-Roy

This article deals with the Russian translation of Lolita completed by Vladimir Nabokov in 1965, the one and only translation he made of the novels he had written in English. The study of how the structure, the language and the tropes work leads to the idea that not only did Nabokov try to introduce his specific artistic difference—a rather sirinian difference—into his Russian text, but that he also worked at inventing a future, hypothetical Russian reader. The challenge of self-translation would not only replace Nabokov as a writer into the broken thread of Russian literature, but also give Russian literature a work that would represent the beginning of a rebirth of modern Russian literature, beyond the soviet era.

Guadalupe Maria Rodríguez Gómez, David D. Laitin

Eduardo Sarquis Soares

Being and Becoming in the Classroom presents a reflection established inside educa­tional practice, which allows us to understand the learning process of teachers while they are im­mersed in their daily work. ROTH analyzes very concrete situations that are experienced by edu­cators as part of their professional lives. Thinking from a teacher's point of view, I intend to suggest that the idea of situated knowledge, which inte­grates the background of the book, can be ex­pand­ed when it includes an articulation of social conflicts. For discussing that idea, I take advan­tage of my own practice as source of empirical evi­dence, trying to learn one of the most important lessons that the book brought me, relating to the im­plica­tions of the concepts of praxis and the under­stand­ing of practice. I discuss ROTH's key con­cept of Spielraum (room to maneuver) starting from the ideas contained in the book, and again pro­posing a counterpoint with my own experiences. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs040350