Hasil untuk "Shipment of goods. Delivery of goods"

Andreas Breivik Ormevik, Marius Bjørke, Camilla Lie et al.

To achieve the emission reduction targets set by the maritime industry, large investments must be made in renewing and retrofitting the existing fleets in various shipping segments. This paper studies the strategic supply vessel fleet renewal and retrofit problem (SVFRRP) for guiding the transition towards a greener fleet of platform supply vessels (PSVs) used for offshore oil and gas logistics. Since the future costs of the different relevant fuel types are uncertain, we propose a new two-stage integer stochastic programming model for the SVFRRP. In each time period of the planning horizon, the model includes strategic decisions to meet the specified emission requirements. Existing vessels might be retrofitted to a new power system, or scrapped, while new vessels can be acquired and introduced to the fleet. Furthermore, the fleet deployment is considered, controlling the use of each vessel in order to fulfill the required cargo demands at each offshore installation serviced by the PSV fleet. We perform an extensive assessment of available fuel technologies for PSVs and use this in computational analyses for two real case studies from the Norwegian oil and gas industry. We compare the optimal fleet renewal strategies and corresponding costs from different emission reduction trajectories, and the results from the analyses provide valuable insights to the impact of various emission reduction policies to the optimal fleet renewal strategies.

Stef Proost

Abstract This paper presents an economic analysis of the reduction of carbon emissions in the aviation sector. Aviation and shipping are both international and have high carbon abatement costs so both sectors can learn from each other. To what extent should we prioritize emission reductions in the aviation sector and what is the best way to do this. Climate change is a world public bad, and this results in too low mitigation efforts when countries pursue their own objectives. Pledges in the framework of international agreements like the Paris agreement for domestic aviation and the Corsia agreement for international aviation are unlikely to produce their full effects because the agreements are not enforceable. The effectiveness of three policy levers is examined in more detail. First, the European climate policy with the SAF blending mandate and the integration of domestic aviation in the European economy wide tradable emission system. Second the effectiveness of the Corsia agreement. Third, the possibilities of a fuel efficiency mandate imposed by the EU and or the US on their domestic aircraft producer.

Sarah Marie Malmquist, Ziaul Haque Munim

The adoption of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) in commercial shipping presents significant challenges despite rapid technological advancements. This study explores the barriers to the commercial adoption of MASS. Through a systematic literature review, 60 barriers were identified and categorized into four themes: (1) human factors, (2) data and risk management, (3) technology and connectivity, and (4) operations and policy. To reveal the most critical barriers, the importance-improvement (A-B) analysis was conducted utilizing data collected from maritime stakeholders. The analysis revealed that the most critical barriers include the trustworthiness of autonomous technology, managing loss of autonomous control system, vulnerabilities to cyberattacks, and the complexities of regulatory compliance in system development and deployment. Future resources and investments should be directed towards addressing the most critical barriers identified in this study for ensuring the successful integration of MASS in commercial shipping.

Bruno dos Passos Assis, Giovanna Martins Sampaio, João Antonio Belmino dos Santos

RESUMO: O transporte marítimo e o comércio internacional são fundamentais para a economia global, mas enfrentam desafios significativos devido à complexa rede de regulamentações que envolvem o Direito Internacional Marítimo e o Direito Aduaneiro. O problema de pesquisa que se propõe é: "Quais são os desafios jurídicos e regulatórios na integração dos sistemas de Direito Internacional Marítimo e Direito Aduaneiro para promover a sustentabilidade e a eficiência nas operações de transporte marítimo e comércio exterior?" A integração eficaz desses sistemas é essencial para assegurar operações seguras, ambientalmente responsáveis e eficientes, protegendo tanto os direitos dos trabalhadores quanto a soberania nacional. Aspectos como a harmonização de normas internacionais, incluindo UNCLOS, MARPOL e a Convenção de Haia-Visby, com as regulamentações aduaneiras, e a aplicação da legislação nacional como a Lei nº 9.537/97 (Lei de Segurança do Tráfego Aquaviário) são cruciais para a conformidade e eficiência. Adicionalmente, a responsabilidade do transportador, a proteção ambiental, o gerenciamento de resíduos e as questões de segurança marítima são de destaque, assim como a aplicação da Convenção MLC, 2006 para os direitos dos tripulantes e o papel da tecnologia na melhoria do compliance e da gestão aduaneira. Este estudo visa explorar as implicações jurídicas e práticas dessa integração, considerando os desafios de coordenar normas e processos para promover a sustentabilidade, proteger o meio ambiente e aumentar a eficiência nos processos de comércio e transporte marítimo.

Gloria M. Tshoopara, Thokozani P. Mbhele

Background: In today’s interconnected global economy, logistics and supply chain management are pivotal in facilitating the movement of goods and services across regions. Supply chains have become increasingly complex, involving multiple stakeholders, diverse transportation modes, and intricate global networks. The efficient management of these supply chains has emerged as a critical determinant of competitiveness and economic growth for businesses and nations. Objectives: The study aims to analyse the level of intermodal connectivity and how it enhances the functionality of a regional logistics hub using Namibia as a case study. Method: The research study adopted a mixed-method design, collecting data through interviews, questionnaires, and documentary analysis to examine intermodal connectivity and its impact on the functionality of the Namibian regional logistics hub. Results: The study’s key findings reveal a fragmented railway system and a significant reliance on road transportation within the Namibian transport system. The level of intermodality is found to be low, indicating limited connectivity and integration between different modes of transport in Namibia. Conclusion: The study highlights the need to address the fragmentation within the railway system, reduce the heavy reliance on road transportation, and improve intermodal connectivity to enhance the functionality and efficiency of the Namibian transport system. Contribution: This research contributes to the existing knowledge of transportation and logistics hubs within the Namibian context. By exploring the role of intermodal connectivity, the study builds upon the theoretical frameworks of transport geography, logistics management, and infrastructure planning.

Caleb Danladi, Sarah Tuck, Panagiotis Tziogkidis et al.

Abstract Container ports play a pivotal role in international trade, facilitating the movement of goods and fostering economic development. While much attention has been given to the efficiency of ports in high-income countries, container ports in lower-middle-income (LMI) countries have received less attention. This paper addresses this research gap by assessing container ports' operational efficiency across diverse LMI countries and determining ways for their efficiency enhancement and management optimization. The cross-sectional data for the year 2012 was collected for 53 container ports in LMI countries. This research utilizes data envelopment analysis, which offers the advantage of considering multiple inputs and outputs. The results show that the overall technical inefficiencies of LMI countries' container ports are mainly due to pure technical inefficiency rather than scale inefficiencies, and the most efficient ports have a combination of large and hub ports. They also reveal that larger ports (as measured by throughput) are not necessarily more efficient than ports with a small production scale. The results of this research can provide government authorities, port authorities, terminal operators, and investors with valuable insights into resource allocation, competitive advantage, and optimization of operating performance.

Ramon Key, Ramiro Parrado, Elisa Delpiazzo et al.

Abstract This study assesses the potential macro-economic effects of climate change affecting operations in three maritime chokepoints, i.e., the Panama Canal, the Suez Canal, and the Turkish Straits. The analysis focuses on agricultural commodities. It couples a “logistics” model of maritime trade flows with a Computable General Equilibrium model considering three modelling alternatives: (1) increase of “iceberg trade costs”, (2) shadow import tariffs, and (3) shadow export tariffs. Methodologically, we found a comforting qualitative agreement across methodologies in predicting the direction of changes in the main economic variables under scrutiny. However, negative GDP performances are more frequent and larger using the first method that also tends to predict lower import contractions than the other two methods. The impact assessment, examining storylines of climate-change-induced events delaying chokepoints operations, highlights that climate change impacts on chokepoints’ operations can convey detectable effects on production and prices of agricultural commodities associated with negative GDP impacts worldwide. In addition, although trade re-composition generates winners and losers, total losses tend to prevail. The combined GDP losses of the three chokepoints can reach $34 billion (2014 prices) in 2030. It shows that weather events in remote locations, such as the Panama Canal, can have cascading effects on the EU, with potential losses of USD 2 billion $ in GDP. North Africa, Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa are particularly vulnerable. They suffer from a drop in imports of agricultural commodities and GDP losses in all the three cases. This impact assessment emphasizes another mechanism at play that could increase the asymmetry and the adverse distributional impacts of climate change on agriculture.

Forbes Makudza, Divaries C. Jaravaza, Tariro Govha et al.

Background: The business environment is increasingly becoming volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) because of globalisation, increased competition, random consumer tastes changes and environmental factors. Traditional procurement strategies are becoming increasingly redundant because of the volatility of the global business environment. The market has thus called for increased agility to conquer the VUCA nature of the supply chain environment. Objectives: The study sought to examine the role that e-procurement plays in augmenting the agility of supply chains. The four determinants of e-procurement, that is, e-design, e-sourcing, e-evaluation and e-negotiation, were linked directly with supply chain agility. Method: A census approach was taken to gather data from 219 supply chain and procurement employees of Zimbabwe’s telecommunications and technology industry. A self-administered survey questionnaire was used based on a scientifically developed and validated supply chain agility measurement scale from the extant literature. Results: Using structural equation modelling (SEM), the study’s results confirmed that e-procurement significantly predicts supply chain agility. All determinants of e-procurement were statistically significantly explaining supply chain agility in a volatile business environment. Conclusion: The study concludes that e-procurement augments the agility of the supply chain in volatile business environments, as e-procurement can increase swiftness and agility as it fosters ubiquitous business processes on a seamless real-time basis. It emerged from the study that the supply chain vulnerabilities volatile industries face could be eliminated through supply chain agility, augmented through e-procurement systems. The study’s findings also implore supply network members from upstream to downstream to adopt e-procurement. Contribution: The study has practical implications for all supply network members from upstream to downstream. It implores these members to adopt e-procurement to revive supply networks amid environmental volatility and alleviate miscommunication. Study also offers theoretical implications for e-procurement and supply chain management. The study also contributes to the body of knowledge by extending the existing theories on e-procurement and supply chains in the context of environmental volatility.

Lynn Faut, Fanny Soyeur, Elvira Haezendonck et al.

Port clusters are expected to play a significant role in the transition towards a circular economy, both at the level of facilitating regional and global transport within circular production chains, as well as hosting circular activities in port areas. There is strong evidence that significant investments in the circular economy (CE) are being made in port areas, albeit without much knowledge on their impacts. To ensure an efficient use of port resources in view of this transition, these impacts should be adequately monitored. Research on circular economy indicators for ports is still in an exploratory stage, characterized by an absence of in-depth research on the development of port-related circular economy indicators. This paper focuses on the development of a comprehensive set of relevant and feasible CE indicators, which aim to support port managing bodies (PMBs) as well as port stakeholders to monitor the CE transition taking place. Through multimethod qualitative research, including content analysis, focus groups, a gap analysis and a qualitative survey, an actionable list of CE 12 indicators for ports was developed. Seven of which are highly feasible and five of which have medium feasibility in terms of stakeholder relevance and ease of implementation. Findings related to (1) the overall limited CE ambition levels of PMBs and (2) the difference in the values of some indicators for different port typologies are also discussed. The value of this study for practitioners lies in providing them with an actionable set of KPIs which can support their efforts and communication related to their CE transition.

Elizabeth C. Chinomona, Pfanelo Nematatani, Lydia Ntshingila

Background: State-owned enterprises (SOEs) play an important role in the economies of many developed and developing countries. However, most SOEs fail to provide efficient or effective public service delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how SOEs in Gauteng province in South Africa can enhance supply chain effectiveness (SCE). Objectives: In the study, the relationships are investigated between total quality management (TQM), competitive advantage (CA), innovation (IN), SCE in the selected South African SOEs in Gauteng province. Method: A quantitative design was adopted in which a survey questionnaire was administered to 863 supply chain practitioners working in SOEs in South Africa Gauteng province. Data were analysed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 27.0) and SMART PLS (version 3.0). Results: The results of the study showed that knowledge management and CA predict the establishment of SCE in SOEs in the Gauteng province. However, IN was not supported but is of significance towards achieving SCE in SOEs in the Gauteng province. Conclusion: The adoption of CA by SOEs over industry competitors is essential toward success. Contribution: The results of this study will contribute to the improvement of South Africa’s economy by enabling SOEs to establish a competitive edge in their respective industries.

Stephen Kruger

No abstract available.

Christoph Martius, Lutz Kretschmann, Miriam Zacharias et al.

Abstract Due to imbalances in the global transport of containerised goods, liner shipping companies go to great lengths to match the regional supply and demand for empty containers by transporting equipment from surplus to deficit regions. Making accurate forecasts of regional empty container availability could support liner companies and other involved actors by making better relocation decisions, thus avoiding unnecessary transport costs of empty equipment. Previously proposed container availability prediction models are limited to the application in individual regions and typically characterized by a high degree of temporal aggregation. Against this background, this paper introduces two novel approaches based on machine learning and probabilistic techniques to predict the future weekly availability of empty containers for more than 280 locations worldwide. The machine learning and probabilistic prediction models are built by analysing a unique data set of more than 100 million events from past container journeys. These events represent different stages during the transport process of a container. Both models use a two-step forecast logic. First, the expected future location of a container is predicted. Second, the expected timestamp for arriving at that location is estimated. The machine learning model uses artificial neural networks and mixture density networks to forecast the movements of containers. The models are quantitatively assessed and compared to the actual availability of containers and two more conventional forecasting approaches. The results indicate that the probabilistic prediction approach can keep up with conventional approaches while the neural network approach significantly outperforms the other approaches concerning every evaluation metric.

Ockert R. Pretorius, Johannes E. Drewes, Willy H. Engelbrecht et al.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on international trade and supply chains. Border closures and reduced demand for traded goods provoked demand and supply shocks in supply chains, including those of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Continued vulnerability of regional supply chains affects the long-term socio-economic development trajectory of the SADC. Objectives: This article investigates whether supply chains and their various components have exacerbated the pandemic’s trade impact, with specific reference to the SADC. The objective is to inform regional development policy interventions to improve the resilience of the SADC supply chains in future disturbances. Method: An econometric analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between supply chain efficiency (and the various sub-indicators) and the impact of the pandemic on merchandise trade volumes. The latter constitutes the dependent variable of the analysis and is quantified by measuring the deviation from the pre-shock growth path in the base year (2020) of the pandemic. Data sets from the UNCTADstat database were used. The independent variables are the sub-indicators that form part of the Logistics Performance Index (LPI), the data of which are sourced from the World Bank (2022). In addition to the chi-square test of homogeneity and the Shapiro–Wilk test of normality, regression analyses were conducted to determine the significance of the independent variables, in addition to their association and correlation with the dependent variable. Results: The analysis indicates that supply chain efficiency and components related thereto, including customs clearance, infrastructure, international shipments, logistics competence, tracking and tracing and lead time, are of high significance to and correlate with the impact of the pandemic. Conclusion: Regional development policy in the SADC should prioritise the targeted improvement of specific physical and non-physical infrastructure to support the development of efficient and resilient supply chains. Interventions should focus on improving border and customs processes and tracking and tracing capabilities of logistics service providers. This will contribute to the achievement of regional development objectives and catalyse the competitiveness of the SADC in the face of increased supply chain regionalisation.

Po-Lin Lai, Hyunmi Jang, Mingjie Fang et al.

Based on the service quality (SERVQUAL) model and logistics service quality (LSQ) model, this study investigates the antecedents of customer satisfaction with parcel locker services in last-mile logistics. Data were collected from a survey of 321 consumers in China and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that timeliness is the strongest predictor that positively impacts customer satisfaction with parcel locker services, while reliability and security are the predictive coefficients for the same, followed by responsiveness and tangibility, respectively. This study enriches the literature on SERVQUAL and LSQ by providing implications for logistics service providers.

GeunSub Kim, EunSu Lee, BoKyung Kim

Container ports or terminal operators need operational efficiency and effective management to gain global market competitiveness, as world container ships continue to be larger, global shipping alliance reshuffles and becomes larger. This study investigated the effects of integrated operations of the existing separate container terminals using scenario analysis. The scenario analysis is attempted based on actual vessel arrival data on additional effects that Busan New Port can obtain from the use of a infrastructure pool by consolidating all five terminals. The results explain the benefits of terminal consolidation: the reduction of a vessel waiting time, balanced utilization across terminals at the port, and an increase of overall profits to the actors.

V. Kolodiichuk, Heorhiy Cherevko, R. Popivniak

In the article the place of Ukraine is determined in a global transport system and attention is accented on disparity between the potential possibilities of the transport and logistics system and the real parameters of international transit through the territory of Ukraine. It is proved that a qualitative assessment of the transport and logistics system, for its adaptation to the world requirements, needs to be carried out according to the internationally recognized methods, in particular, the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) developed and implemented by the World Bank. The method takes into account the assessment of six indicators: “Customs”; Infrastructure; “International shipments”; “Logistics competence”; “Tracking & tracing”; “Timeliness”. The most developed components of the Ukrainian logistics system are the possibility of laying routes and tracking of goods, and, accordingly, timeliness of their deliveries, and the least developed - the quality of trade and transport infrastructure. The outlined problems of logistics in Ukraine and the explored causes of their occurrence allowed to structure the directions of improvement of all components of LPI, which will help to increase the transit potential of the country’s transport and logistics system.

Editorial Office

No abstract available.

Mowmita Mishra, Soumya Kanti Hota, Santanu Kumar Ghosh et al.

Considering the increasing number of end-of-life goods in the context of improving the ambience and health of a population and their destructive impacts, recycling strategies are important for industries and organizations. In this article, a closed-loop supply chain management containing a single manufacturer, a single retailer, and a third party is introduced in which the manufacturer first propagates newly finished goods and then dispatches some of the finished goods to the retailer considering a single-setup multi-delivery policy. Due to shipping, carbon emission is taken into account as well as a carbon emission trading mechanism to curb the amount of carbon emissions by the retailer. For recycling through collection, inspection, remanufacturing, and landfill, the third party collects the end-of-life goods from its customers and ships perfect products to the manufacturer after a two-stage inspection. In this model, major sources of emissions such as shipping, replenishment orders, and inventory have been taken care of. The minimizing of the total cost relating to the container capacity, shipment numbers, and replenishment cycle length is the main objective of the closed-loop supply chain management for making the system more profitable. Expository numerical explorations, analysis, and graphic representations are conferred to elucidate this model, and it is observed that this model saves some percentage of the cost compared to the existing literature.

Nana Suryana

A. Dinata, Amiluddin Zahri, Renilaili Renilaili