Hasil untuk "Nutrition. Foods and food supply"

Ulrich Schlemmer, Wenche Frølich, Rafel M. Prieto et al.

AbstractThe article gives an overview of phytic acid in food and of its significance for human nutrition. It summarises phytate sources in foods and discusses problems of phytic acid/phytate contents of food tables. Data on phytic acid intake are evaluated and daily phytic acid intake depending on food habits is assessed. Degradation of phytate during gastro‐intestinal passage is summarised, the mechanism of phytate interacting with minerals and trace elements in the gastro‐intestinal chyme described and the pathway of inositol phosphate hydrolysis in the gut presented. The present knowledge of phytate absorption is summarised and discussed. Effects of phytate on mineral and trace element bioavailability are reported and phytate degradation during processing and storage is described. Beneficial activities of dietary phytate such as its effects on calcification and kidney stone formation and on lowering blood glucose and lipids are reported. The antioxidative property of phytic acid and its potentional anticancerogenic activities are briefly surveyed. Development of the analysis of phytic acid and other inositol phosphates is described, problems of inositol phosphate determination and detection discussed and the need for standardisation of phytic acid analysis in foods argued.

Lindsey P. Smith, S. Ng, B. Popkin

BackgroundIt has been well-documented that Americans have shifted towards eating out more and cooking at home less. However, little is known about whether these trends have continued into the 21st century, and whether these trends are consistent amongst low-income individuals, who are increasingly the target of public health programs that promote home cooking. The objective of this study is to examine how patterns of home cooking and home food consumption have changed from 1965 to 2008 by socio-demographic groups.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional analysis of data from 6 nationally representative US dietary surveys and 6 US time-use studies conducted between 1965 and 2008. Subjects are adults aged 19 to 60 years (n= 38,565 for dietary surveys and n=55,424 for time-use surveys). Weighted means of daily energy intake by food source, proportion who cooked, and time spent cooking were analyzed for trends from 1965–1966 to 2007–2008 by gender and income. T-tests were conducted to determine statistical differences over time.ResultsThe percentage of daily energy consumed from home food sources and time spent in food preparation decreased significantly for all socioeconomic groups between 1965–1966 and 2007–2008 (p ≤ 0.001), with the largest declines occurring between 1965 and 1992. In 2007–2008, foods from the home supply accounted for 65 to 72% of total daily energy, with 54 to 57% reporting cooking activities. The low income group showed the greatest decline in the proportion cooking, but consumed more daily energy from home sources and spent more time cooking than high income individuals in 2007–2008 (p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionsUS adults have decreased consumption of foods from the home supply and reduced time spent cooking since 1965, but this trend appears to have leveled off, with no substantial decrease occurring after the mid-1990’s. Across socioeconomic groups, people consume the majority of daily energy from the home food supply, yet only slightly more than half spend any time cooking on a given day. Efforts to boost the healthfulness of the US diet should focus on promoting the preparation of healthy foods at home while incorporating limits on time available for cooking.

Ina Opitz, Regine Berges, A. Piorr et al.

Food security is becoming an increasingly relevant topic in the Global North, especially in urban areas. Because such areas do not always have good access to nutritionally adequate food, the question of how to supply them is an urgent priority in order to maintain a healthy population. Urban and peri-urban agriculture, as sources of local fresh food, could play an important role. Whereas some scholars do not differentiate between peri-urban and urban agriculture, seeing them as a single entity, our hypothesis is that they are distinct, and that this has important consequences for food security and other issues. This has knock-on effects for food system planning and has not yet been appropriately analysed. The objectives of this study are to provide a systematic understanding of urban and peri-urban agriculture in the Global North, showing their similarities and differences, and to analyse their impact on urban food security. To this end, an extensive literature review was conducted, resulting in the identification and comparison of their spatial, ecological and socio-economic characteristics. The findings are discussed in terms of their impact on food security in relation to the four levels of the food system: food production, processing, distribution and consumption. The results show that urban and peri-urban agriculture in the Global North indeed differ in most of their characteristics and consequently also in their ability to meet the food needs of urban inhabitants. While urban agriculture still meets food needs mainly at the household level, peri-urban agriculture can provide larger quantities and has broader distribution pathways, giving it a separate status in terms of food security. Nevertheless, both possess (unused) potential, making them valuable for urban food planning, and both face similar threats regarding urbanisation pressures, necessitating adequate planning measures.

Mike Boland, Allan N. Rae, J. Vereijken et al.

Zhiqin Zhang, Yongke Deng, Jingxuan Wang et al.

This study identified three novel anti-inflammatory peptides from sea cucumber gonad hydrolysates: GDRGF, FDGPEGPRGPPGSEGRQG, and PSNLGTGLR. In vitro experiments demonstrated that these peptides, at concentrations ranging from 25 to 400 μg/mL, exhibited no cytotoxicity toward RAW264.7 macrophages and significantly promoted cell proliferation (P < 0.05). In an lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model, all three peptides markedly suppressed the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05), with GDRGF exhibiting the highest NO inhibition rate of 62.89%. Molecular docking results confirmed that the three peptides interact with Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 receptors via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Analysis of key residues suggested that internal or C-terminal arginine (R) may enhance anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NO production and blocking LPS signaling pathways. This study provides an efficient screening strategy for marine-derived anti-inflammatory peptides and lays a theoretical foundation for developing anti-inflammatory functional foods from sea cucumber gonads.

S. Jennings, G. Stentiford, A. Leocádio et al.

Fisheries and aquaculture production, imports, exports and equitability of distribution determine the supply of aquatic food to people. Aquatic food security is achieved when a food supply is sufficient, safe, sustainable, shockproof and sound: sufficient, to meet needs and preferences of people; safe, to provide nutritional benefit while posing minimal health risks; sustainable, to provide food now and for future generations; shock-proof, to provide resilience to shocks in production systems and supply chains; and sound, to meet legal and ethical standards for welfare of animals, people and environment. Here, we present an integrated assessment of these elements of the aquatic food system in the United Kingdom, a system linked to dynamic global networks of producers, processors and markets. Our assessment addresses sufficiency of supply from aquaculture, fisheries and trade; safety of supply given biological, chemical and radiation hazards; social, economic and environmental sustainability of production systems and supply chains; system resilience to social, economic and environmental shocks; welfare of fish, people and environment; and the authenticity of food. Conventionally, these aspects of the food system are not assessed collectively, so information supporting our assessment is widely dispersed. Our assessment reveals trade-offs and challenges in the food system that are easily overlooked in sectoral analyses of fisheries, aquaculture, health, medicine, human and fish welfare, safety and environment. We highlight potential benefits of an integrated, systematic and ongoing process to assess security of the aquatic food system and to predict impacts of social, economic and environmental change on food supply and demand.

Abed Forouzesh, Fatemeh Forouzesh, Sadegh Samadi Foroushani et al.

Abstract Nutrition labels on packaged foods or on shelf tags are used to help the general population make informed food choices to reduce or prevent diet-associated chronic diseases and meet nutritional needs. However, inaccurate nutrition labeling can mislead consumers by providing unsuitable nutritional assessments, which can elevate the risk of certain chronic diseases and cause huge medical costs. A study of 8,596 foods from the National Nutrient Database of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) revealed that only 0.2% of foods are customarily consumed 100 g or 100 mL per eating occasion. Thus, it is not reasonable to provide nutrient information based on 100 g or 100 mL on nutrition labels. Despite the fact that providing nutrient information based on 100 g or 100 mL on nutrition labels is an incorrect approach, unfortunately, most of the nutrient regulations in the world are based on 100 g or 100 mL. The Nutrition Facts label regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): (1) cannot make a significant contribution to the prevention or reduction of obesity and overweight; (2) makes food choices difficult and time-consuming; (3) helps consumers choose some foods containing excessive energy; (4) helps consumers choose some foods high in negative nutrients (including energy/calories, trans fat, saturated fat, sodium, cholesterol, sugars, and fat); (5) discourages consumers from choosing some foods low in negative nutrients; (6) helps consumers choose foods high in trans fat or saturated fat and low in cholesterol; (7) helps consumers choose some small serving foods high in negative nutrients; (8) discourages consumers from choosing some nutritious foods; (9) eliminates the ability of consumers to monitor their intake of many positive nutrients and to identify and compare foods in terms of many positive nutrients; (10) encourages unsuitable or excessive uses of fortification; and (11) promotes fortified foods and degrades unfortified foods. The proposed Nutrition Facts label helps individuals who desire to comply with dietary recommendations from health care providers or public health guidance. The proposed Nutrition Facts label is an accurate, convenient, and quick information tool for making informed food choices to reduce or prevent diet-associated chronic diseases and to meet nutritional needs in the context of daily energy needs. Graphical Abstract

Maria Z. Tsimidou, Nives Ogrinc, Claudia Zoani

Research infrastructures (RIs) are central to European Union (EU) policies for defragmentation of the research and innovation in all fields of science and technology providing resources, expertise, and services to address societal challenges and support evidence-based policymaking. The commentary stresses on how METROFOOD-RI, a geographically distributed RI, aims at advancing metrology in the agri-food sector with a particular emphasis on food/feed and nutrition fields. Structured according to Hub & Nodes model, METROFOOD-RI integrates physical and electronic infrastructures to provide FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data and tools. Its activities span a comprehensive service chart covering research, information and communication technologies (ICT), and data, advisory, and educational services, as well as integrated service pipelines targeting transparency in the food chain, emerging food risks, innovative processing, and circular bioeconomy approaches. By leveraging metrology, METROFOOD-RI aims at harmonizing standards and fostering cross-border collaboration, whereas equally supports a multidisciplinary approach to tackling challenges in food systems and nutrition. The commentary highlights how this RI can contribute to the European research area priorities and United Nations sustainability goals.

Eric Bosa Nobela, Romance Dissieka, Marieke Vossenaar et al.

Nuria Ikhsyania, Cesilia Meti Dwiriani, Lilik Kustiyah

Growth disorders are also common in children. The Health Belief Model (HBM) predicts that maternal perception of child vulnerability to growth disorders motivates adequate feeding practices. Addressing these concerns can effectively drive intervention. This study examined the impact of nutrition education delivered via Instagram on complementary feeding (MPASI) practices in infants aged 6–12 months. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Bogor City in the year 2024. The sample consisted of 76 breastfeeding mothers, selected using a randomized method. Participants were divided into two groups: the intervention group, which engaged in interactive Instagram discussions after receiving nutrition education (n= 38), and the control group (n= 38), which only received nutrition education. Data were collected through interviews using structured questionnaires. Educational materials were provided twice a week for four weeks via Instagram. The data were analyzed using t-tests. Results: A significant difference (p < 0,05) was observed in the effect of nutrition education delivered via Instagram, both within each group and between groups, in terms of dietary diversity, feeding frequency, and adequacy. In conclusion, interactive education through Instagram has a more significant impact on improving scores in most components of the Health Belief Model (HBM) related to complementary feeding practices.

Ruonan Zhao, Xu Zhao, Rongqiang Zhang

Navjot Kaur, Hamid, Pintu Choudhary et al.

The review aims to explore the utilization of hydrogels in the food industry, specifically focusing on their capacity to encapsulate bioactive compounds for enhancing food safety, quality, and health benefits. Hydrogels, with their unique capacity to incorporate various bioactive agents such as antioxidants, antimicrobials, and probiotics, are emerging as transformative tools in the development of functional foods. These hydrogels offer numerous advantages, including the preservation of food quality and the controlled release of encapsulated compounds. Their responsiveness to environmental stimuli allows for targeted release, which is crucial for optimizing the efficacy and shelf-life of bioactive substances. Research indicates that bioactive-loaded hydrogels have versatile applications across different areas of the food industry. They play a critical role in food preservation by stabilizing flavors and preventing spoilage through the delivery of antimicrobial agents. Additionally, hydrogels are being explored for their potential in food packaging, where they can help maintain freshness and extend the shelf-life of products. The review underscores the benefits of hydrogels in protecting bioactive compounds from degradation, enhancing their bioavailability, and facilitating a controlled, sustained release. This functionality not only improves the effectiveness of these compounds but also maximizes their health benefits.

Wenxiu Pan, Wenxiu Pan, Yawen Yang et al.

BackgroundThe C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index serves as an established prognostic biomarker across multiple severe disease cohorts. Nevertheless, limited research has examined its relationship with overall survival among elderly Japanese individuals experiencing dysphagia.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic utility of the CALLY index for overall survival in a cohort of elderly Japanese patients with dysphagia.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study of 248 patients diagnosed with dysphagia between January 2014 and January 2017. The primary outcome was overall survival. The CALLY index was analyzed both continuously (natural log transformation) and by quartiles. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for relevant demographic, clinical, and nutritional covariates (including age, sex, comorbidities, hemoglobin, feeding modality, and daily caloric intake) were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Restricted cubic spline models assessed dose–response relationships. Kaplan–Meier analysis estimated median survival by CALLY quartile; subgroup analyses examined effect modification.ResultsAfter natural log transformation, the CALLY index was independently associated with improved survival (HR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.76–0.95, p = 0.003). Using the lowest quartile (Q1) as reference, adjusted HR were 0.73 (95%CI: 0.46–1.16, p = 0.179) for Q2, 0.56 (95%CI: 0.34–0.90, p = 0.018) for Q3, and 0.44 (95%CI: 0.25–0.78, p = 0.005) for Q4. Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a positive, approximately linear relationship between the CALLY index and overall survival. Median survival times were 887, 785, 362, and 153 days for Q4, Q3, Q2, and Q1, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed no significant interactions across prespecified strata.ConclusionIn this cohort of elderly Japanese patients with dysphagia, a higher CALLY index was associated with longer overall survival. These findings support the potential prognostic utility of the CALLY index in this population; prospective and multicentre validation is warranted.

Dian Vita Sari, Fatmawati Fatmawati, Junaedy Junaedy

Malnutrition remains a global challenge with far-reaching health and developmental implications. Indonesia continues to experience a high prevalence of stunting, reaching 31.8%, which highlights the need for effective and sustainable interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a locally based intervention utilizing Metroxylon sp. (aren sago) and Moringa oleifera (moringa leaves) as complementary food additives combined with maternal nutrition education in reducing stunting. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in North Aceh in July 2025, involving 128 mothers and their stunted children aged 6–24 months old. The intervention consisted of nutrition education on complementary foods made with sago and moringa leaves, delivered through modules and videos, along with a four-week provision of complementary foods. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The findings demonstrated a significant improvement in the nutritional status of children, with the proportion classified as having a good nutritional status increasing from 43.0% to 84.4%, and no cases of severe malnutrition were identified (p < 0.05). Maternal nutrition knowledge also improved, with 35.2% achieving a “good” score (p < 0.05). In conclusion, locally sourced food-based interventions combined with nutrition education effectively improve children’s nutritional status and strengthen maternal knowledge. This approach is recommended as a contextual and sustainable strategy for stunting prevention

Amira, S. El-mahrouky, Marwa, M. Helmy, Aml, S. Elnawawy

This study aimed to enhance gummy candy by incorporating date paste and varying ratios of gelling agents—gelatin (12%, 15%, and 17%) and starch (2%, 4%, and 6%)—to evaluate their effects on rheological and physicochemical properties. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of cinnamon extract and citric acid solution was investigated as natural preservatives against Escherichia coli O:157 (wild-type strain 93111), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (ATCC 25923), and Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for citric acid solution against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were recognized at the concentrations 2%, 1% and 0.5% respectively; while it was 4%, 0.03% and 4% respectively for the cinnamon extract. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of citric acid solution was recorded only at 0.5% for both E. coli and S. aureus, while for cinnamon extract, it was recorded at 4% for C. albicans. The final concentrations incorporated into the gummy candy formulations were 2% citric acid solution and 4% cinnamon extract. The gummy candy treatments displayed pseudoplastic behavior. Gel strength values ranged from 9.20 to 24.68 N, moisture content from 19.34% to 23.27%, and water activity from 0.68 to 0.74. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity ranged between 72.58% and 83.9%. Total soluble solids (TSS) ranged from 61.3 to 75.4°Brix, while total sugars and reducing sugars were between 50.15%–63.4% and 42.35%–53.77%, respectively.

F.G. Pan, J. Liu, J.X. Yang et al.

Vegetable oil phospholipids can be divided into hydratable phospholipids (HP) and non-hydratable phospholipids (NHP). The general process of alkali refining or hydration degumming can remove most of the phospholipids, and the rest is mainly non-hydratable phospholipids. A non-hydratable phospholipid has obvious hydrophobicity, which cannot be completely removed even after 16 times of washing, so the non-hydratable phospholipid is the main research target of vegetable oil degumming. In order to better understand and study the non-hydratable phospholipids, the chemical composition and origin of non-hydratable phospholipids in vegetable oil are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of these various detection and removal methods are analyzed in this paper.

Hualin Xie, Y. Wen, Yongrok Choi et al.

The issue of food security has been widely studied by the international community. To reveal the research situation as it pertains to food security objectively, this paper comprehensively utilizes bibliometrics techniques (i.e., Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace) to explore the research status and development trends in the area of food security. The results show that: (1) food security research has shown an increasing trend during the past 30 years. The 2013–2019 period was shown to be an active period with a high yield of articles, which were published mainly in the developed regions of Europe and America. Particularly, the number of articles published in the United States was far ahead of other countries in the world. (2) Food security research involved agriculture, environmental science and ecology, food science and technology, and business economics. The research topic is an interdisciplinary subject with a good momentum of development and a large space remaining for research. (3) Climate change, poverty, gender, nutrition, and diet structure have been the focuses of food security research in recent years. Food security in China, India, and sub-Saharan Africa has attracted wide attention. (4) Food security research is becoming more and more mature. The research scope extended from food security to food security and water and land resource security. Research topics range from decentralized to systematic. (5) Food security research is likely to gain much attention in the future based on three pillars: food supply, food access, and food use. Sustainability and diversity of food supply, along with dietary restructuring and food conservation initiatives, are expected to be new trends in future research on land management.

A. Nawaz, Engpeng Li, Sana Irshad et al.

Abstract Background Global fisheries production has increased to ~200 MT with aquatic by-products of 20 MT that are a challenge for the fish processing industry as well as for environmental management. Scope and approach Aquatic by-products are potential source and treasure house of many healthy and biologically active compounds, which have significant potential to supply new and valuable food ingredients. However, diversity of available raw materials and the post-harvest stage of materials challenge the scientific community to determine how to best use this resource. Key findings and conclusion This review highlights the technical concerns regarding the use of these materials in many different food applications. Although, much research has been done, there is a need to focus on some critical points such as pre-treatment, extraction methods, particle size, evaluation of bioavailability of nutrients, interaction with other ingredients, nutritional, biotechnological and sensorial aspects, compatibility of gelation in food matrix and safety concerns. Furthermore, these materials have only had limited studies using the modern techniques of nutrigenomics, molecular modeling and docking that need to be addressed in future.

EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP), Claude Lambré, José Manuel Barat Baviera et al.

Abstract The food enzyme catalase (hydrogen‐peroxide:hydrogen‐peroxide oxidoreductase; EC 1.11.1.6) is produced with the non‐genetically modified Aspergillus tubingensis strain AE‐CN by Amano Enzyme Inc. The absence of viable cells of the production organism in the food enzyme was not demonstrated. The food enzyme is intended to be used in five food manufacturing processes: production of baked products, processing of egg and egg products, production of fruit and vegetable products other than juices, production of cheese and production of fish roes. The dietary exposure to the food enzyme total organic solids (TOS) was estimated to be up to 0.325 mg TOS/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. The results of the in vitro genotoxicity studies indicated the presence of a clastogenic agent in the food enzyme which could not be dismissed due to limitations in the in vivo studies. The systemic toxicity was assessed by means of a repeated dose 90‐day oral toxicity study in rats. The Panel identified a no observed adverse effect level of 323 mg TOS/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested. A search for the similarity of the amino acid sequence of the food enzyme to known allergens was made and one match was found. The Panel considered that the risk of allergic reactions by dietary exposure cannot be excluded, but the likelihood is low. Because of the results of the genotoxicity studies, and as the absence of viable cells from the production strain was not demonstrated, the Panel was unable to establish the safety of the food enzyme.

R. Guiné, Maria Lúcia Pato, C. Costa et al.

The unadjusted intake of food constitutes a real challenge for the several sustainability dimensions. In this perspective, the main objectives of this research are to characterise the current contexts of food security, its relationship with sustainability, and identify proposals and actions that may support the design of more adjusted policies in the future. In addition, it is intended to assess if the food security pillars properly address the sustainability goals and if the evolution of undernutrition is accompanied by sustainable frameworks. In this way, statistical information from the FAOSTAT database was considered for the several dimensions of food security over the period 2000–2020. These data were analysed through factor-cluster approaches and panel data methodologies, namely those related to quantile regressions. As main insights, we may refer that undernutrition is more impacted by the availability of food and nutrients and political stability than by the level of GDP—Gross Domestic Product (except for the extreme cases). This means that the level of development is not the primary explanation for the problems of nutrition. The main focus of the national and international policies must be to improve the agrifood supply chains and to support political stability, in order to mitigate undernutrition worldwide and ensure a global access to sustainable and healthy diets. In addition, it is suggested to rethink the four pillars of food security (availability, access, utilisation and stability), in order to encompass other dimensions, such as climate change.