Hasil untuk "Islam"

Cagri Karaman, Aydin Gezer, Mohammad Nazrul Islam Khan et al.

The paper focuses on investigating a specific type of quasistatistical F-connections within the context of an anti-Kähler manifold. Initially, the paper establishes a connection between the Riemannian connection and the specialized quasistatistical F-connection. Following the establishment of this connection, the paper examines the forms of the curvature tensor, the Ricci curvature tensor, and the scalar curvature for the connection. It also explores the specific conditions under which the torsion tensor and curvature tensor fields associated with the quasistatistical F-connection exhibit holomorphic properties. Furthermore, the paper examines URic-vector fields with respect to these connections and delivers relevant outcomes associated with them. This analysis provides valuable insights into the behavior and properties of URic-vector fields within the considered framework. Finally, a concrete example on an anti-Kähler–Walker manifold is presented, showing that the holomorphy conditions reduce to partial differential equations and that a harmonic potential on the parallel null distribution induces an explicitly computable quasistatistical F-connection.

Joy Karmoker, Masum Billah, Mst Jannatun Ferdous et al.

Cricket generates a rich stream of visual and contextual information, yet much of its tactical analysis still depends on slow and subjective manual review. Motivated by the need for a more efficient and data-driven alternative, this paper presents an automated approach for cricket video analysis that identifies wicket-taking deliveries, detects the pitch and ball, and models ball trajectories for post-match assessment. The proposed system combines optical character recognition (OCR) with image preprocessing techniques, including grayscale conversion, power transformation, and morphological operations, to robustly extract scorecard information and detect wicket events from broadcast videos. For visual understanding, YOLOv8 is employed for both pitch and ball detection. The pitch detection model achieved 99.5% mAP50 with a precision of 0.999, while the transfer learning-based ball detection model attained 99.18% mAP50 with 0.968 precision and 0.978 recall. Based on these detections, the system further models ball trajectories to reveal regions associated with wicket-taking deliveries, offering analytical cues for trajectory-based dismissal-zone interpretation and potential batting vulnerability assessment. Experimental results on multiple cricket match videos demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and highlight its potential for supporting coaching, tactical evaluation, and data-driven decision-making in cricket.

Muhammad Islam, Javed Ali Khan, Mohammed Abaker et al.

The rapid expansion of social media platforms has significantly increased the dissemination of forged content and misinformation, making the detection of fake news a critical area of research. Although fact-checking efforts predominantly focus on English-language news, there is a noticeable gap in resources and strategies to detect news in regional languages, such as Urdu. Advanced Fake News Detection (FND) techniques rely heavily on large, accurately labeled datasets. However, FND in under-resourced languages like Urdu faces substantial challenges due to the scarcity of extensive corpora and the lack of validated lexical resources. Current Urdu fake news datasets are often domain-specific and inaccessible to the public. They also lack human verification, relying mainly on unverified English-to-Urdu translations, which compromises their reliability in practical applications. This study highlights the necessity of developing reliable, expert-verified, and domain-independent Urdu-enhanced FND datasets to improve fake news detection in Urdu and other resource-constrained languages. This paper presents the first benchmark large FND dataset for Urdu news, which is publicly available for validation and deep analysis. We also evaluate this dataset using multiple state-of-the-art pre-trained large language models (LLMs), such as XLNet, mBERT, XLM-RoBERTa, RoBERTa, DistilBERT, and DeBERTa. Additionally, we propose a unified LLM model that outperforms the others with different embedding and feature extraction techniques. The performance of these models is compared based on accuracy, F1 score, precision, recall, and human judgment for vetting the sample results of news.

Islam Eldifrawi, Shengrui Wang, Amine Trabelsi

The field of explainable Automatic Fact-Checking (AFC) aims to enhance the transparency and trustworthiness of automated fact-verification systems by providing clear and comprehensible explanations. However, the effectiveness of these explanations depends on their actionability --their ability to empower users to make informed decisions and mitigate misinformation. Despite actionability being a critical property of high-quality explanations, no prior research has proposed a dedicated method to evaluate it. This paper introduces FinGrAct, a fine-grained evaluation framework that can access the web, and it is designed to assess actionability in AFC explanations through well-defined criteria and an evaluation dataset. FinGrAct surpasses state-of-the-art (SOTA) evaluators, achieving the highest Pearson and Kendall correlation with human judgments while demonstrating the lowest ego-centric bias, making it a more robust evaluation approach for actionability evaluation in AFC.

M. Sundararajan, Kholod Dahlous, M. Ramesh et al.

ZnFe1−xAlxO4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) samples were synthesized by the combustion method. The x-ray diffraction pattern confirms that the ferrite samples have a cubic inverse spinel structure, and Rietveld refinement adds more weight to this conclusion. Furthermore, the space group is Fd 3 ̄ m. Using Rietveld analysis, the oxygen location, lattice parameter, and cation distribution were found, proving that Al doped ZnFe2O4 ferrites were present in every sample. According to structural research, when the Al3+ concentration increases, the crystallite size decreases (15–29 nm) but the lattice parameter increases (8.399–8.418 Å). The FE-SEM images are agglomerated for all the ferrite samples. The estimated energy gap (1.83–2.05 eV) increases as the doping concentration is increased. The FT-IR spectrum revealed the formation of Al doped ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles, and vibrating sample magnetometry showed the ferromagnetic behavior.

Mahendra Arif Rianto Mahendra Arif Rianto, Afiful Ikhwan Afiful Ikhwan

Abstract: This Article will in-depth explore the views of classical Islamic education scholars and their relevance in shaping the people's framework of thinking. Understanding their thinking methods is an important foundation for achieving the desired social welfare. The main focus lies on the characteristics of Islamic religious education in the Abbasid era, including the concept of knowledge as rational (aqli) and inherited (naqli). The discussion involves educational curricula from elementary to high levels, highlighting the important role in developing holistic understanding. Overall, this journal reflects the intellectual heritage of classical Islamic scholars and their empowerment in directing the development of public thought. The research method applied in this research is a qualitative approach. This journal will summarize various sciences that developed during that period, including mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, physics, geography, medicine and philosophy. Furthermore, the thoughts of prominent figures such as Ibnu Sina, Ibnu Khaldun, Al-Ghazali, Al-Kindi, and Al-Khwarizmi received in-depth attention in the educational context. This journal not only records their contribution to the development of science, but also presents their views on Islamic religious education. By compiling these thoughts, this article becomes a comprehensive understanding of the intellectual foundations of that time. Through this in-depth analysis, readers can better understand the recognized scientific and educational legacy of classical Islamic thinkers, enriching their understanding of the intellectual developments of the period.

Achmad Reza Hutama Al Faruqi Reza, Mujamil Qomar, Rif’at Husnul Ma’afi Rif’at et al.

This article aims to explore the meaning of Islamization of Contemporary Science and Scientization of Islam (Pengilmuan Islam), as well as a paradigm comparison of the two. Both have a role in integrating Islam and science, which has the aim of eliminating the dichotomy between science and Islam. So, both of these come forward to play a role in this goal. The study of the integration of Islam and science is very thick and has many styles in Indonesia in particular, such as: Pohon Ilmu, Integrasi Interkoneksi Sarang laba-laba, Twins Tower, Roda Pedati, Model Intan Berlian Ilmu, islamization of contemporary science, scientization of Islam and so on. However, the author only examines the two styles, namely Islamization and scientization of Islam. This research uses library research with the method of comparative analysis. So that it produces several points, including that the islamization of science and the scientification of Islam have the same goal, namely to integrate religion and science, so that there is no dichotomy between the two.  However, there are differences in the paradigm of the two, Islamization of science is said to be mentioned from context to text, but the author does not agree with that opinion, rather agreeing that Islamization of science is a way of Islamizing or returning the meaning of science to the original, so that there is no mixture with secular science. While the Islamization of science is reading an object from text to context, in the author's opinion this is more to answer the wonders of the text in the Qur'an. From the conclusion, if all styles or types of integration in Indonesia agree and join, then the scientific tradition in Islam will be more advanced and developed. Keywords: Islamization, Scientization, Science, Al-Attas, Al-Faruqi, Kuntowijoyo.

Ariful Islam, Nathan David Rock, Michael A. Scarpulla

In ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) nitride and oxide semiconductors, increased bandgap (Eg) correlates with greater ionicity and strong electron-phonon coupling. This limits mobility through polar optical phonon scattering, localizes carriers via polarons and self-trapping, broadens optical transitions via dynamic disorder, and modifies the breakdown field. Herein, we use polarized optical transmission spectroscopy from 77-633 K to investigate the Urbach energy (Eu) for many orientations of Fe- and Sn-doped \b{eta}-Ga2O3 bulk crystals. We find Eu values ranging from 60-140 meV at 293 K and static (structural defects plus zero-point phonons) disorder contributes more to Eu than dynamic (finite temperature phonon-induced) disorder. This is evidenced by lack of systematic Eu anisotropy, and Eu correlating more with X-ray diffraction rocking-curve broadening than with Sn-doping. The lowest measured Eu are ~10x larger than for traditional semiconductors, pointing out that band tail effects need to be carefully considered in these materials for high field electronics. We demonstrate that, because optical transmission through thick samples is sensitive to sub-gap absorption, the commonly-used Tauc extraction of bandgap from transmission through Ga2O3 greater than 1-3 micro meter thick is subject to errors. Combining our Eu(T) from Fe-doped samples with Eg(T) from ellipsometry, we extract a measure of an effective electron-phonon coupling indicating increases in weighted 2nd order deformation potential with temperature and a larger value for E parallel b than E parallel c. The large electron-phonon coupling in beta-Ga2O3 suggests that theories of electrical breakdown for traditional semiconductors need expansion to account not just for lower scattering time but also for impact ionization thresholds fluctuating in both time and space.

Islam Eldifrawi, Shengrui Wang, Amine Trabelsi

Automated Fact-Checking (AFC) is the automated verification of claim accuracy. AFC is crucial in discerning truth from misinformation, especially given the huge amounts of content are generated online daily. Current research focuses on predicting claim veracity through metadata analysis and language scrutiny, with an emphasis on justifying verdicts. This paper surveys recent methodologies, proposing a comprehensive taxonomy and presenting the evolution of research in that landscape. A comparative analysis of methodologies and future directions for improving fact-checking explainability are also discussed.

Ahmad Afandi, Muhammad Fadhlan, Ahmad Fikri et al.

The study aimed to explain the application of the Direct Method in Nahwu learning at the State University of Malang. It analyzed the supporting and inhibiting factors of the Direct Method in Nahwu learning at the State University of Malang and described student applications in Nahwu learning at the State University of Malang. This study used a descriptive design with a quantitative and qualitative approach to describe the application, supporting, and inhibiting factors of the Direct Method in Nahwu learning. The population in this study was the entire 5th-semester academic community (lecturers and students) of the Arabic language education study program, Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang. The sample in this study was selected using Purposive Sampling, with specific criteria for sampling. The model in this study was a student of the class of 2021 Arabic language education study program, Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang, who was taking the application Nahwu Tsanawi course. This lecturer taught the application Nahwu Tsanawi course. The results of this study showed that: 1) Student interest in learning Nahwu in the Arabic study program at the State University of Malang increased with the learning steps applied by lecturers, such as the delivery of themes, objectives, and learning materials by linking the new material to the previous material; 2) the innovation of the Direct Method used by teachers in Nahwu learning had a positive impact on students' understanding of Nahwu; 3) the use of the Direct Method in Nahwu learning was categorized as good, evidenced by the percentage of success reaching an average score of 83.3%; 4) the use of learning media by lecturers in Nahwu learning at the Arabic Language Education study program, State University of Malang, increased student interest in learning Nahwu. Based on the findings above, it is concluded that the innovation of the direct Method has a positive impact on students in learning Nahwu in the Arabic Language Study Program State University of Malang.

Дэниэл Джакобиус Морган

В последние месяцы ученые-исламоведы в Северной Америке вели время от времени жаркие дебаты — в журналах и в соци- альных сетях — о параметрах и методологии этой дисциплины. В недавней статье в Journal of the Academy of Religion (88:4) Илиз Моргенштейн Фюрст (Ilyse Morgenstein Fuerst) указывает на глу- боко укоренившиеся противоречия по поводу того, как «норма- тивный ислам» концептуализируется в современной академиче- ской среде. Фюрст исследует недавние объявления о вакансиях в области исламоведения, чтобы показать, что комитеты по прие- му сотрудников, опираясь на то, что она считает устаревшими ориенталистскими стереотипами, в основном ищут ученых, чья работа сосредоточена на арабских текстах, созданных на Ближ- нем Востоке, и иногда в Северной Африке.

Dias Ratna Putri, Deny Andesta

PT. XYZ adalah cabang perusahaan dibidang retail fashion seperti kosmetik, sepatu, tas aksesoris, koleksi pakaian pria maupun wanita serta koleksi pakaian anak. Permasalahan yang ada di perusahanan tersebut adalah kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan karyawan terhadap pelanggan yang belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan pelanggan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode servqual, dan IPA atribut-atribut mana yang perlu dan penting untuk dilakukan perbaikan. Selain itu Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kualitas pelayanan di mana untuk mengetahui kesenjangan dan faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen terhadap kualitas pelayanan yang diperoleh sesuai dengan harapan konsumen. Untuk mendapatkan data maka dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuisioner kepada 95 responden. Yang kemudian dianalisis dengan software Microsoft excel. Berdasarkan hasil analisis metode servqual menggunakan software Microsoft excel maka didapatkan GAP masing-masing dimensi, tangible memiliki nilai (Q) -0.23, Reliability memiliki nilai (Q) -1.16, kemudian responsiveness nilai nilai (Q) -1.23, dimensi assurance nilai (Q) -0.68, dimensi emphaty nilai (Q)- 0.99. Sedangkan hasil dari analisis IPA didapatkan bahwa atribut 6,8,10,11,17 tergolong kuadran I yang artinya menjadi prioritas utama yang perlu diperbaiki karena kinerja tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapakan. Atribut 1 dan 2 masuk dalam kuadran 2 (pertahankan prioritas) yang artinya kinerja sudah sesuai/stabil dan harus dipertahankan, atribut 5,9,13,14,15,16 masuk dalam kuadran III (Prioritas Rendah) yang artinya atribut yang memiliki prioritas rendah dan tidak terlalu penting tetapi kinerja tidak sesuai, atribut 4 dan 7 masuk dalam kuadran IV (Berlebihan). Kata Kunci:  Kualitas Pelayanan, Servqual, GAP, IPA

Mazharul Islam, Sunpreet S. Arora, Rahul Chatterjee et al.

Secure multi-party computation (MPC) techniques can be used to provide data privacy when users query deep neural network (DNN) models hosted on a public cloud. State-of-the-art MPC techniques can be directly leveraged for DNN models that use simple activation functions such as ReLU. However, these techniques are ineffective and/or inefficient for the complex and highly non-linear activation functions used in cutting-edge DNN models. We present Compact, which produces piece-wise polynomial approximations of complex AFs to enable their efficient use with state-of-the-art MPC techniques. Compact neither requires nor imposes any restriction on model training and results in near-identical model accuracy. To achieve this, we design Compact with input density awareness and use an application-specific simulated annealing type optimization to generate computationally more efficient approximations of complex AFs. We extensively evaluate Compact on four different machine-learning tasks with DNN architectures that use popular complex AFs silu, gelu, and mish. Our experimental results show that Compact incurs negligible accuracy loss while being 2x-5x computationally more efficient than state-of-the-art approaches for DNN models with large number of hidden layers. Our work accelerates easy adoption of MPC techniques to provide user data privacy even when the queried DNN models consist of a number of hidden layers and trained over complex AFs.

Saiful Islam, Pitambar Khanra, Johan Nakuci et al.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) microstate analysis entails finding dynamics of quasi-stable and generally recurrent discrete states in multichannel EEG time series data and relating properties of the estimated state-transition dynamics to observables such as cognition and behavior. While microstate analysis has been widely employed to analyze EEG data, its use remains less prevalent in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, largely due to the slower timescale of such data. In the present study, we extend various data clustering methods used in EEG microstate analysis to resting-state fMRI data from healthy humans to extract their state-transition dynamics. We show that the quality of clustering is on par with that for various microstate analyses of EEG data. We then develop a method for examining test-retest reliability of the discrete-state transition dynamics between fMRI sessions and show that the within-participant test-retest reliability is higher than between-participant test-retest reliability for different indices of state-transition dynamics, different networks, and different data sets. This result suggests that state-transition dynamics analysis of fMRI data could discriminate between different individuals and is a promising tool for performing fingerprinting analysis of individuals.

Syed Hasan Khuld, Babar Jamal Naqvi, Naeem Samoon et al.

This era is all about energy, humans cannot survive without energy. Conventional energy resources are not enough to fulfill the needs of energy that’s why it is necessary to find alternate energy resources that will be efficient and environment friendly. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is one of the reasonably low costs and is considered as environment friendly It degrades the harmful substance during production of electricity. This technology helps out for the producing of electricity by using the microbes. The generation of electricity is the new form of non-renewable energy by treating of the waste water from different types of effluent. The purpose of this technology is to produce the electricity that is environment friendly and sustainable. This review is also the part of research which is also to make a comparison of different MFC feeds which have unique chemical composition and are rich of various biological species and designing. This report also contains the discussion of MFC principle, necessary components, bacteria that are responsible for electricity production. This MFC contain the different batch type of reactor and in each reactor anode and cathode are dipped for time to check the response of flow of electron. Electrodes are used for drawing the comparison data of the MFC and giving new direction for the researchers. Salt bridge or membrane is connected between the reactor for the flow of proton to the cathode side and oxygen is supplied in the cathode compartment.

Suat Erdoğan

Kanunilik, ceza hukukunun esaslarından ve hukukun evrensel ilkelerinden birisi olarak kabul edilmektedir. “Kanunsuz suç ve ceza olmaz” şeklinde formüle edilen ve kişilerin suç işlemeden önce karşılaşacakları ceza hakkında bilgi sahibi olmaları anlamına gelen ilke, adalet ve tabii hukuk anlayışının bir sonucudur. Tarihi derinliği konusunda görüş ayrılıkları bulunmakla birlikte, kanunilik ilkesi Orta Çağ ceza uygulamalarındaki keyfiliğe bir tepki olarak gündeme gelmiş ve uluslararası birçok sözleşme ile ülkelerin anayasa ve kanunlarında yer almıştır. Başlangıçta daha katı bir biçimde uygulama bulan ilke, zamanla daha esnek bir yapıya dönüşmüş ve kanunlarda yer almasa da bazı suçların cezalandırılabileceği anlayışı ortaya çıkmıştır. İslâm hukuk düşüncesinde suç ve cezalar üç ana başlıkta ele alınmaktadır. Kur’an ve sünnette açıklanan suç ve cezalar kısas ve had kapsamında değerlendirilirken, açıklanmayanlar ta‘zîr olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Ta‘zîr kapsamındaki suçların cezasını belirleme yetkisi devlet başkanı ve hâkimlere bırakılmıştır. Kur’an ve sünnette açıklanan suç ve cezaların belli sayı ile sınırlı olması, ta‘zîr konusuna geniş bir alanın bırakılması anlamına gelmektedir. Ayrıca suçun unsur ve şartlarındaki eksiklikler sebebiyle uygulanmayan kısas ve had suçları için de ta‘zîr cezasının söz konusu olması ve tarihi süreç içerisinde ortaya çıkan yeni suç türleri hesaba katıldığında, ta‘zîrin kapsam alanının oldukça geniş olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Ta‘zîr suç ve cezaları bu derece geniş bir alana sahip olmasına rağmen, klasik fıkıh kitaplarında konuya sınırlı oranda yer verilmektedir. En kapsamlı kaynaklarda dahi kısas ve had konuları oldukça detaylı olarak ele alınırken, ta‘zîre ayrılan yer birkaç sayfayı geçmemektedir. Kanaatimize göre ta‘zîr suç ve cezalarını belirleme yetkisinin siyasi otoriteye bırakılması, klasik fıkıh kaynakları açısından içtihada dayalı hukuki birikimin oluşmasını engellemiştir. Ancak Osmanlı döneminde ta‘zîr suç ve cezaları kapsamında fıkhi bir zenginlik ortaya çıkmıştır. Genel olarak kısas ve had cezaları hakkında kanunilik ilkesi açısından herhangi bir tartışma söz konusu edilmezken, ta‘zîr cezalarında kanunilik ilkesinin gözetilmediği konusunda genel bir kanaat bulunmaktadır. Bu konudaki eleştiriler ta‘zîr ile sınırlı olsa da ta‘zîr suç ve cezalarının kapsam alanının genişliği hesaba katıldığında, söz konusu eleştiriler önem kazanmakta ve bir anlamda İslâm ceza hukukunun bütününe yönelik hâle gelmektedir. Klasik kaynaklarda doğrudan kanunilik ilkesi hakkında bilgiye rastlanmaması doğaldır. Ancak İslâm hukukunun temel kaynaklarından Kur’an ve sünnette söz konusu ilke ile paralellik gösteren ifadeler bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Kur’an’da peygamber göndermeden cezalandırmanın söz konusu olamayacağını ilkesel olarak ortaya koyan ayetlerin yanında bazı suçlar için ceza öngörüsünde bulunulmaktadır. Ayrıca kanunilik ilkesinin doğal bir sonucu olan kanunların geçmişe yürümemesi ilkesini doğrulayan birden çok örnek de Kur’an’da yer almaktadır. Peygamber’in (s.a.s.) uygulamaları da Kur’an’ın bu konudaki prensipleri ile paralellik göstermektedir. Klasik İslâm hukuku kaynaklarındaki öğretiden farklı olarak Osmanlı uygulamasında ta‘zîr kapsamındaki bir kısım suç ve cezaların kanunnameler yoluyla belirlenmesi, kanunilik ilkesi açısından olumlu bir gelişme olarak kabul edilmektedir. Osmanlı ceza hukuku uygulamalarındaki söz konusu tecrübeden hareketle, ta‘zîr kapsamındaki suçların cezalarının önceden belirlenmesi, İslâm ceza hukukuna kanunilik ilkesi açısından yöneltilen eleştirileri ortadan kaldıracaktır. Kur’an ve sünnetin prensipleri ile de paralellik gösteren bu anlayış, günümüz hukuk düşüncesi açısından tercih olmanın ötesinde zorunluluk hâlini almıştır. Tüm suçların belirlenmesinin imkânsızlığı sebebiyle kanunda belirlenmeyen, ancak suç kapsamında değerlendirilmesi gereken fiillerin klasik ta‘zîr anlayışı içerisinde cezalandırılması, ta‘zîr düşüncesinin kanunda yer almayan fiillerin cezasız kalmaması konusunda önemli bir görev üstlenebileceği anlamına gelecektir.

zahra amaliyah

S-LM terdiri dari LM-IS adalah invesment saving yang berarti pasar barang sedangkan LM adalah Liquidity money yang berarti pasar uang.

Islam Ali, Hong Zhang

Reliability of SLAM systems is considered one of the critical requirements in modern autonomous systems. This directed the efforts to developing many state-of-the-art systems, creating challenging datasets, and introducing rigorous metrics to measure SLAM performance. However, the link between datasets and performance in the robustness/resilience context has rarely been explored. In order to fill this void, characterization of the operating conditions of SLAM systems is essential in order to provide an environment for quantitative measurement of robustness and resilience. In this paper, we argue that for proper evaluation of SLAM performance, the characterization of SLAM datasets serves as a critical first step. The study starts by reviewing previous efforts for quantitative characterization of SLAM datasets. Then, the problem of perturbation characterization is discussed and the linkage to SLAM robustness/resilience is established. After that, we propose a novel, generic and extendable framework for quantitative analysis and comparison of SLAM datasets. Additionally, a description of different characterization parameters is provided. Finally, we demonstrate the application of our framework by presenting the characterization results of three SLAM datasets: KITTI, EuroC-MAV, and TUM-VI highlighting the level of insights achieved by the proposed framework.

Syful Islam, Raula Gaikovina Kula, Christoph Treude et al.

The package manager (PM) is crucial to most technology stacks, acting as a broker to ensure that a verified dependency package is correctly installed, configured, or removed from an application. Diversity in technology stacks has led to dozens of PMs with various features. While our recent study indicates that package management features of PM are related to end-user experiences, it is unclear what those issues are and what information is required to resolve them. In this paper, we have investigated PM issues faced by end-users through an empirical study of content on Stack Overflow (SO). We carried out a qualitative analysis of 1,131 questions and their accepted answer posts for three popular PMs (i.e., Maven, npm, and NuGet) to identify issue types, underlying causes, and their resolutions. Our results confirm that end-users struggle with PM tool usage (approximately 64-72%). We observe that most issues are raised by end-users due to lack of instructions and errors messages from PM tools. In terms of issue resolution, we find that external link sharing is the most common practice to resolve PM issues. Additionally, we observe that links pointing to useful resources (i.e., official documentation websites, tutorials, etc.) are most frequently shared, indicating the potential for tool support and the ability to provide relevant information for PM end-users.

Saad Islam, Koksal Mus, Richa Singh et al.

Motivated by the rise of quantum computers, existing public-key cryptosystems are expected to be replaced by post-quantum schemes in the next decade in billions of devices. To facilitate the transition, NIST is running a standardization process which is currently in its final Round. Only three digital signature schemes are left in the competition, among which Dilithium and Falcon are the ones based on lattices. Classical fault attacks on signature schemes make use of pairs of faulty and correct signatures to recover the secret key which only works on deterministic schemes. To counter such attacks, Dilithium offers a randomized version which makes each signature unique, even when signing identical messages. In this work, we introduce a novel Signature Correction Attack which not only applies to the deterministic version but also to the randomized version of Dilithium and is effective even on constant-time implementations using AVX2 instructions. The Signature Correction Attack exploits the mathematical structure of Dilithium to recover the secret key bits by using faulty signatures and the public-key. It can work for any fault mechanism which can induce single bit-flips. For demonstration, we are using Rowhammer induced faults. Thus, our attack does not require any physical access or special privileges, and hence could be also implemented on shared cloud servers. We perform a thorough classical and quantum security analysis of Dilithium and successfully recover 1,851 bits out of 3,072 bits of secret key $s_1$ for security level 2. The lattice strength against quantum attackers is reduced from $2^{128}$ to $2^{81}$ while the strength against classical attackers is reduced from $2^{141}$ to $2^{89}$. Hence, the Signature Correction Attack may be employed to achieve a practical attack on Dilithium (security level 2) as proposed in Round 3 of the NIST post-quantum standardization process.