Calum J. Pritchard, Nabeil K. G. Salama, Iain Berrill
et al.
Abstract Minimum landing sizes are a fisheries management tool conventionally used to exclude juveniles from fisheries. Harvest slot limits (HSL) are an alternative fisheries management tool used to exclude both juveniles and larger individuals from a fishery through the implementation of both minimum and maximum landing sizes. However, fishery‐dependent data from HSL‐managed fisheries are only representative of a small portion of the population. These data do not meet the requirements for conventional stock assessments nor harvest control rules, so these fisheries cannot be assessed without additional and expensive fishery‐independent data. The objective of this research was to develop a novel harvest control rule able to produce catch advice for fisheries managed by HSL using fishery‐dependent data. The SlotLim method, and corresponding R package, were developed and applied to the data‐limited Scottish live ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta fishery. Within SlotLim, the advised catch is a product of the previous catch and two multipliers: the targeted biomass adjustment (TBA) and size adherence multiplier (SAM). The TBA assesses the rate of change in an abundance or biomass index, adjusted for the proportion of the population targeted by HSL. The SAM assesses fishers' compliance with HSL. The methodology follows a simple premise: the advised catch increases with increasing abundance/biomass indices and adherence to HSL. The minimum data requirements are two consecutive years of catch, length frequency and an abundance or biomass index (all from fishery‐dependent sources), species‐specific growth rate coefficients and the natural mortality rate. The SlotLim method advised catch for a reduction in catch by 17% for the Scottish ballan wrasse fishery due to an observed reduction in abundances indices and non‐adherence to maximum landing sizes. Solution. The SlotLim method allows HSL‐managed fisheries to be assessed at limited expense, contributing to the continued sustainable use of these resources. HSL may also be considered a viable strategy for other data‐limited fisheries upon the availability of this harvest control rule.
L. J. E. Bouaziz, L. J. E. Bouaziz, F. Fenicia
et al.
<p>Streamflow is often the only variable used to evaluate hydrological models. In a previous international comparison study, eight research groups followed an identical protocol to calibrate 12 hydrological models using observed streamflow of catchments within the Meuse basin. In the current study, we quantify the differences in five states and fluxes of these 12 process-based models with similar streamflow performance, in a systematic and comprehensive way. Next, we assess model behavior plausibility by ranking the models for a set of criteria using streamflow and remote-sensing data of evaporation, snow cover, soil moisture and total storage anomalies. We found substantial dissimilarities between models for annual interception and seasonal evaporation rates, the annual number of days with water stored as snow, the mean annual maximum snow storage and the size of the root-zone storage capacity. These differences in internal process representation imply that these models cannot all simultaneously be close to reality. Modeled annual evaporation rates are consistent with Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) estimates. However, there is a large uncertainty in modeled and remote-sensing annual interception. Substantial differences are also found between Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and modeled number of days with snow storage. Models with relatively small root-zone storage capacities and without root water uptake reduction under dry conditions tend to have an empty root-zone storage for several days each summer, while this is not suggested by remote-sensing data of evaporation, soil moisture and vegetation indices. On the other hand, models with relatively large root-zone storage capacities tend to overestimate very dry total storage anomalies of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). None of the models is systematically consistent with the information available from all different (remote-sensing) data sources. Yet we did not reject models given the uncertainties<span id="page1070"/> in these data sources and their changing relevance for the system under investigation.</p>
Para contribuir com os debates sobre as implicações, os atores e os instrumentos geopolíticos do turismo, este artigo trata, em particular, do turismo religioso. Para tanto, baseia-se nos primeiros resultados de uma pesquisa em geografia urbana sobre o papel da indústria turístico-religiosa na formação do espaço israelense-palestino e como instrumento geopolítico do posicionamento de Israel e dos Territórios Palestinos no cenário internacional. A análise é direcionada aos lugares que contribuem para produzir este turismo e as circulações materiais e simbólicas transnacionais das quais esses lugares são objeto. São identificados três tipos de lugares - lugares de peregrinação, lugares de substituição e parques temáticos religiosos - neste campo onde a atração turística continua inabalável, apesar das ocorrências de violência. O artigo mostrará como esses lugares, que são agrupados sob o termo de “lugares de mobilidade”, se articulam e produzem o que se qualificará como “mobilidade dos lugares”.
The paper used the KMV model to manufacturing industry of Guangxi in China to concretely abstract the credit risk and enterprise innovation into a measurable quantitative index, and compare the changes in credit risk before and after COVID-19. This paper selects 17 Listed Companies in Guangxi manufacturing industry as empirical samples, and calculates the expected default rate of different companies by using the traditional and modified KMV models. The larger the index value is, the higher the credit risk is, And then affect the enterprise innovation activities. The results show that the overall credit risk management ability of Guangxi’s manufacturing industry is relatively high, but by the impact of COVID-19, credit risk has increased. If left unguarded, it will have an impact on enterprise innovation.
Riley O. Mummah, Nicole A. Hoff, Anne W. Rimoin
et al.
Abstract Background For many emerging or re-emerging pathogens, cases in humans arise from a mixture of introductions (via zoonotic spillover from animal reservoirs or geographic spillover from endemic regions) and secondary human-to-human transmission. Interventions aiming to reduce incidence of these infections can be focused on preventing spillover or reducing human-to-human transmission, or sometimes both at once, and typically are governed by resource constraints that require policymakers to make choices. Despite increasing emphasis on using mathematical models to inform disease control policies, little attention has been paid to guiding rational disease control at the animal-human interface. Methods We introduce a modeling framework to analyze the impacts of different disease control policies, focusing on pathogens exhibiting subcritical transmission among humans (i.e. pathogens that cannot establish sustained human-to-human transmission). We quantify the relative effectiveness of measures to reduce spillover (e.g. reducing contact with animal hosts), human-to-human transmission (e.g. case isolation), or both at once (e.g. vaccination), across a range of epidemiological contexts. Results We provide guidelines for choosing which mode of control to prioritize in different epidemiological scenarios and considering different levels of resource and relative costs. We contextualize our analysis with current zoonotic pathogens and other subcritical pathogens, such as post-elimination measles, and control policies that have been applied. Conclusions Our work provides a model-based, theoretical foundation to understand and guide policy for subcritical zoonoses, integrating across disciplinary and species boundaries in a manner consistent with One Health principles.
Environmental sciences, Public aspects of medicine
<p>Population data represent an essential component in
studies focusing on human–nature interrelationships, disaster risk
assessment and environmental health. Several recent efforts have produced
global- and continental-extent gridded population data which are becoming
increasingly popular among various research communities. However, these data
products, which are of very different characteristics and based on different
modeling assumptions, have never been systematically reviewed and compared,
which may impede their appropriate use. This article fills this gap and
presents, compares and discusses a set of large-scale (global and
continental) gridded datasets representing population counts or densities.
It focuses on data properties, methodological approaches and relative
quality aspects that are important to fully understand the characteristics
of the data with regard to the intended uses. Written by the data producers
and members of the user community, through the lens of the “fitness for
use” concept, the aim of this paper is to provide potential data users with
the knowledge base needed to make informed decisions about the
appropriateness of the data products available in relation to the target
application and for critical analysis.</p>
Utia Suarma, Dyah Rahmawati Hizbaron, Sudibyakto Sudibyakto
et al.
Geographically, Indonesia has been subjected towards various climate change related phenomena. This research aim at evaluation of participatory implementation towards climate change related policy which has been set in Indonesia. The research method derived from qualitative framework developed by UNESCO. The research took RAN-API or National Action Plan upon Climate Change Adaptation which has been established since 2013. The document has been integrated within National Medium Term Plan launched at 2015 up to 2019. The research revealed that participation has been inclusive to many stakeholder involved within climate change adaptation program. Furthermore, encouragement needs to be carried out at all level especially in urbanized area. Local to national government has pivotal role to introduce many activities engaged to climate change adaptation. At different array, the research also revealed that many participation has been initiated independently by non-government organization as well as local stakeholder which need to be documented in order to ensure its merits.
Fabiana Calçada de Lamare LEITE, Thays Domareski Ruiz
La estacionalidad es una característica inherente al turismo. El objetivo era describir y analizar los planes turísticos españoles como una herramienta para el estudio de la estacionalidad. Para ello se adoptó como referencia el modelo de planificación turística española, con los Planes de Excelencia Turística y posteriormente el Plan Nacional Horizonte 2020. Se desarrollaron estudios descriptivos y analíticos con una base teórico-conceptual, en un enfoque cualitativo. Como técnicas, se utilizaron investigaciones bibliográficas y documentales, donde el estudio se desarrolló a través de la investigación en los ámbitos del turismo, la planificación y la estacionalidad más allá del Plan. Se señaló que la estacionalidad es un tema importante a trabajar en la planificación turística de los destinos, donde la falta de instrumentos de planificación crea la posibilidad de desordenar la actividad turística y las dinámicas turísticas produciendo una desregulación de la actividad.
The present study verifies the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the Self-Compassion Scale through item response theory, factor-analysis, validity analyses and norm development. The surveyed sample consisted of 1,181 participants (34% men and 66% women) with a mean age of 30.30 years (SD = 12.40). Two general factors (Self-compassionate responding and Self-uncompassionate responding) were identified, whereas there was no support for a single general factor of the scale and six subscales. The results of the factor analysis were supported by an independent sample of 676 participants. Therefore, the use of total score for the whole scale would be inappropriate. In Slovak language the Self-Compassion Scale should be used in the form of two general subscales (Self-compassionate responding and Self-uncompassionate responding). In line with our theoretical assumptions, we obtained relatively high Spearman’s correlation coefficients between the Self-Compassion Scale and related external variables, demonstrating construct validity for the scale. To sum up, the Slovak translation of The Self-Compassion Scale is a reliable and valid instrument that measures Self-compassionate responding and Self-uncompassionate responding.
Since the late 1990’s, the jardin partagé (literally shared garden) have emerged in France. It is described as the new trendy green space manifesting the promotion of environmentally friendly behaviors, a desire of leisure, social bonding and citizen commitment. Managed by inhabitants, the jardins partagés have been multiplied in Île-de-France, supported by City councils. As a response to global and local issues related to environment, societies and food production, the jardins partagés are territorial markers of social and political processes of « producing » and « living » the contemporary city. This paper aims to question the jardins partagés as environmental transition territories because they would participate in the improvement of the environment and its ecological components. Based on 48 case-studies located in the Parisian metropolitan area, the analysis of discourses and practices of users and politicians highlight the role of jardins partagés as living environment enhancement and awareness to environmentally friendly practices that promote urban biodiversity.
Sediment load materials is one of the key factors that determine the surface water quality, both of oceanic and
river water, and it specifies water optical properties. Thus it provides a background for a plenty of applications
and projects in the water and oceanography community. Landsat detects and classifies reflected solar energy
from bodies on the earth's surface. Suspended sediments existing in water column have an optical influences. So
that, Landsat images could detect suspended sediments concentration in such a water surface. In this study we
have three main objectives to be achieved as; TSS Concentration maps generation in the Gaza Strip coastal zone,
achieving analysis processes on TSS trend itself and TSS related coastal phenomenon, and investigation of the
ability of Landsat images to detect TSS comprehensively in a wavy coastal zone. For this purpose two landsat
TM5 images acquired in 1999 and 2010, one Landsat TM7 images acquired in 2003, and 2 Landsat Oli 8 images
acquired in 2014 and 2015 were used for TSS mapping. In addition, 64 TSS in-situ tested samples were also to
calculate a correlation equation between Digital Numbers - DN in each image pixels and TSS values in the
ground data. All image analysis and remote sensing steps have been done in this study using Integrated Land and
Water Information System - ILWIS software version ILWIS academic 3.3. Green and Red bands in all used
Landsat images contained the highest linear correlation factors -R- for the images acquired in 1999, 2003, 2010,
2014, and 2015. Resulted correlation factors were higher by reducing time difference between acquisition time
and sampling time. Generated maps showed that circulation in Gaza coastal area are counterclockwise, and it
brings the sediments from Nile River Delta toward Gaza Strip.
Chinh C. Tran, Russell S. Yost, John F. Yanagida
et al.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 poses severe threats to both animals and humans. Investigating where, when and why the disease occurs is important to help animal health authorities develop effective control policies. This study takes into account spatial and temporal occurrence of HPAI H5N1 in the Red River Delta of Vietnam. A two-stage procedure was used: (1) logistic regression modeling to identify and quantify factors influencing the occurrence of HPAI H5N1; and (2) a geostatistical approach to develop monthly predictive maps. The results demonstrated that higher average monthly temperatures and poultry density in combination with lower average monthly precipitation, humidity in low elevation areas, roughly from November to January and April to June, contribute to the higher occurrence of HPAI H5N1. Provinces near the Gulf of Tonkin, including Hai Phong, Hai Duong, Thai Binh, Nam Dinh and Ninh Binh are areas with higher probability of occurrence of HPAI H5N1.