Hasil untuk "Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law"

Boyukov Toncho Ivanov

This study presents the design, testing and optimization of a solar-powered HHO generator integrated into a gasoline-powered car (1.6L, 105 hp). The generator (model B1) is powered entirely by a 180 W photovoltaic (PV) panel via an MPPT controller, avoiding additional load on the alternator and improving net electrical efficiency. Exhaust emissions were measured using a TEXA Gasbox2 analyzer, with additional monitoring of the HHO system pressure using a PDS500G sensor. Comparative road tests (100 km) were carried out with and without the HHO generator. The reported results show a 28.6% reduction in NOx emissions (from 0.042 g/km to 0.030 g/km), as well as improvements in CO and HC values. A parametric model for NOx reduction was developed and an optimization scenario with increased photovoltaic power (300 W) and higher cell current was simulated. Theoretical electrolysis efficiency, hydrogen mass production and predicted energy balance were calculated.

Sara Sami Al-Nuimat, Zu’bi M. F. Al-Zu’bi, Ayman Bahjat Abdallah

<i>Background</i>: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the influence of big data analytics (BDA) on supply chain (SC) risk, SC ambidexterity, and SC resilience. It further examines the effects of SC risk and SC ambidexterity on SC resilience and explores their mediating roles in the BDA–SC resilience relationship. Despite growing interest in BDA and resilience, limited empirical research has addressed these linkages in pharmaceutical distribution, particularly in emerging economies such as Jordan. <i>Methods</i>: A quantitative research strategy was adopted, employing a survey-based methodology. Data were obtained from 204 managers in pharmaceutical distribution companies in Jordan. <i>Results</i>: The findings indicate that BDA reduces SC risk and positively influences SC ambidexterity and SC resilience. Furthermore, SC risk and SC ambidexterity positively affect SC resilience. Notably, both variables partially mediate the BDA–SC resilience relationship, with ambidexterity showing a stronger effect. <i>Conclusions</i>: Grounded in the resource-based view and the dynamic capability view, this study provides empirical evidence that BDA enhances SC resilience primarily by fostering ambidexterity and mitigating risks. By clarifying the distinct mediating roles of SC risk and SC ambidexterity, the research extends theory and offers practical insights for managers seeking to build more resilient pharmaceutical SCs.

Filip Prusik-Serbinowski

Rozwój i wykorzystanie technologii opartych na promieniowaniu elektromagnetycznym jest jednym z kluczowych czynników rozwoju gospodarczego i rewolucji cyfrowej. Prawna regulacja kwestii instalacji emitujących pole elektromagnetyczne w kontekście oddziaływania na środowisko w Polsce sięga wczesnych lat 80. XX w. i do początku bieżącej dekady nie była w większym stopniu liberalizowana. W artykule autor przedstawia uwarunkowania historyczne i ewolucję tej regulacji, a także analizuje wątpliwości interpretacyjne, jakie istniały w tym zakresie przez lata, oraz sposób ich rozwiązania w prawodawstwie i w orzecznictwie sądów administracyjnych. W konkluzji zwraca uwagę na mankamenty historycznej regulacji i aprobuje jej obecną liberalizację.

Sotiris Ntai, Maria Kontopanou, Foivos Anastasiadis

<i>Background:</i> This study explores how consumer behaviour influences household food waste and its ripple effects on the efficiency of the agri-food supply chain. <i>Methods</i>: Using survey data, we applied regression analysis to analyse the links between shopping habits, household demographics, waste reduction goals, and disposal practices. <i>Results</i>: Results show that purchasing driven by promotions significantly boosts household waste, while waste reduction goals strongly reduce disposal behaviours. These results illustrate how irregular consumer purchasing patterns create upstream demand fluctuations, making inventory management and production planning more complex. The findings highlight opportunities for logistics improvements, such as demand-based inventory systems, optimised purchasing routines, adjusted promotional strategies, and consumer-involved forecasting models to cut waste and promote resource sustainability. <i>Conclusions</i>: This research connects consumer behaviour with supply chain management, offering practical insights for building more sustainable and efficient food supply chains through targeted logistics actions.

Ahmed Wassal Elroukh

Purpose – This study investigates how the Russian invasion of Ukraine affected the stock markets of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in comparison to Europe and explores the varying responses of GCC markets. Design/methodology/approach – Using an event study framework, the impact of the Russian invasion on equity markets in Europe and the GCC countries was analyzed by calculating abnormal returns around the event day, February 24, 2022. The study’s null hypothesis posits that abnormal returns on and around the event day are zero. Findings – The analysis of abnormal returns revealed a negative impact of the event on both Europe and the GCC countries on the event day. While European markets continued to show negative abnormal returns, GCC markets rebounded with positive abnormal returns. The study also found diverse responses among GCC markets. Originality/value – This paper is the first to examine the effects of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the GCC countries and compares the market reactions to a political event in an energy-exporting region versus an energy-importing region. It also highlights the differences in responses among GCC stock markets, which may be influenced by market size and energy exports to Europe.

Sara Kaboudvand, Benoit Montreuil

<i>Background:</i> The concept of Hyperconnected Megacity Parcel Logistics (HMPL) was introduced in 2018 and aims to enhance the efficiency, responsiveness, resilience, and sustainability of parcel movements in megacities. However, evaluating such fundamental solutions presents challenges and requires a comprehensive understanding of all stakeholders and decisions involved. <i>Methods:</i> This study introduces a discrete-event agent-based simulation platform that encompasses critical stakeholders and addresses various levels of decision-making. This platform provides an opportunity to evaluate key decisions within an HMPL structure. <i>Results:</i> To demonstrate the capability of the simulator, we assess the impact of package routing and consolidation strategies facilitated by HMPL compared to traditional practices. Preliminary findings suggest that increased interconnection among nodes in HMPL reduces transit times, thereby enabling tighter customer delivery services. However, examining different consolidation heuristics reveals potential trade-offs between handling and shipping costs under fixed shipment schedules, prompting further investigation into dynamic shipment services. <i>Conclusions:</i> The findings of this study suggest that the benefits of innovative approaches in a complex environment, such as parcel logistics, cannot be evaluated in isolation from other decisions. Accurate assessment of the ultimate outcomes and underlying trade-offs requires multi-faceted models that incorporate all key variables.

Anna Urmston, Dongping Song, Andrew Lyons

<b><i>Background</i>:</b> Supply chain risk and resilience in non-profit-seeking industries involving governmental agencies and quasi-governmental agencies have been under-studied. This paper focuses on the military industrial supply chain to demonstrate the development of risk assessment and supplier resilience models considering one-off disruption events such as the COVID-19 disruption. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We establish relevant resilience-based categories through a literature review, supported by the experiences of supply chain experts within the military industry. We quantify the severity of the identified resilience categories, their detectability, and their occurrence probabilities. The failure modes and effects analysis technique is used to evaluate the risk priorities for the resilience categories to develop a risk assessment model. The risk assessment model is then extended to a supplier resilience model by incorporating specific rare disruption factors, which can act as a scenario planning tool. <b><i>Results:</i></b> It is found that (i) the top four resilience sub-categories are financial, topical data, business continuity planning, and supply chain mapping, while cost reduction strategies and green material usage are the least important; (ii) the main areas requiring focus are topical data, supply chain depth awareness, business continuity management, and internal risk management; and (iii) suppliers have least resilience in the areas of ‘topical information’ and ‘business continuity strategy’. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The tool developed can help military industrial supply chains identify the main areas to enhance resilience from multiple perspectives of severity, occurrence probability, detectability, and suppliers.

Sara Romagnoli, Claudia Tarabu', Behzad Maleki Vishkaei et al.

<i>Background</i>: This study investigates how firms can enhance the functionality of their circular supply chains (CSCs) by adopting a portfolio of sustainable practices as well as digital technologies to increase performance. It analyzes the benefits that firms can obtain when investing in specific technologies to boost the impact of technologies and sustainable practices on CSCs, and further increase performance. <i>Methods:</i> We test several hypotheses by using structural equation modeling as well as multi-group analysis to verify whether CSCs can be achieved through sustainable practices and technologies and improve the firms’ performance. <i>Results:</i> The empirical results partially support the research hypotheses. While the main research hypotheses are fully supported, the analysis of single digital technologies reveals that only a few solutions can contribute to both the management and the improvement of the CSC. <i>Conclusions:</i> Our findings demonstrate that the identification of green suppliers and ad hoc environmental regulations, combined with attention to the origin and provenance of raw materials, can promote a CSC. Moreover, transportation management systems (TMS) and the internet of things (IoT) are efficient technologies for managing transportation and product flow in the CSC. Furthermore, machine learning (ML) is effective in making positive green decisions, and 3D printing can extend product life.

Juliana Castaneda, Elnaz Ghorbani, Majsa Ammouriova et al.

<i>Background:</i> Uncertainty conditions have been increasingly considered in optimization problems arising in real-life transportation and logistics activities. Generally, the analysis of complex systems in these non-deterministic environments is approached with simulation techniques. However, simulation is not an optimization tool. Hence, it must be combined with optimization methods when our goal is to: (i) minimize operating costs while guaranteeing a given quality of service; or (ii) maximize system performance using limited resources. When solving NP-hard optimization problems, the use of metaheuristics allows us to deal with large-scale instances in reasonable computation times. By adding a simulation layer to the metaheuristics, the methodology becomes a simheuristic, which allows the optimization element to solve scenarios under uncertainty. <i>Methods:</i> This paper reviews the indexed documents in Elsevier Scopus database of both initial as well as recent applications of simheuristics in the logistics and transportation field. The paper also discusses open research lines in this knowledge area. <i>Results:</i> The simheuristics approaches to solving NP-hard and large-scale combinatorial optimization problems under uncertainty scenarios are discussed, as they frequently appear in real-life applications in logistics and transportation activities. <i>Conclusions:</i> The way in which the different simheuristic components interact puts a special emphasis in the different stages that can contribute to make the approach more efficient from a computational perspective. There are several lines of research that are still open in the field of simheuristics.

Victor Tsapi, Marie-Noël Assene, Hans-Dietrich Haasis

<i>Background</i>: Beef, because of its high protein content, occupies a privileged place in household consumption in Cameroon. However, the quality of the meat available on the market and the prices charged are far from satisfactory for consumers. There is therefore clearly a problem of physical and financial accessibility to quality beef for the Cameroonian consumer (in a country where 37.5% of the population lives below the poverty line). <i>Methods</i>: To analyze this problem, a qualitative exploratory study based on interviews and on-site observations was conducted. <i>Results</i>: In the article, we are interested in the Supply Chain (SC) of beef in Cameroon, with the aim of understanding its dynamics and highlighting the main obstacles that prevent the actors involved from ensuring consumers, the availability of quality meat at a reasonable price. Through the qualitative exploratory study conducted with the main actors involved (breeders, livestock traders, modern and traditional slaughterhouses, butchers, etc.), we show that the SC of beef in Cameroon is plagued by technical, financial, managerial and cultural constraints that prevent them from satisfying their customers and to take full advantage of their activities. <i>Conclusions</i>: Despite the methodological limits related to sampling and an essentially qualitative approach, the quality and richness of the information collected through in-depth interviews edify the main difficulties and challenges encountered by the actors and lead to managerial implications and prospects of research.

Redakcja PPGiOŚ

Varga Balázs, Tettamanti Tamás, Szalay Zsolt

The paper describes a mixed reality environment for testing highly automated vehicle functions. The proposed Scenario-inthe-Loop test system connects real-time computer simulation with real elements being applicable at automotive proving ground. The paper outlines necessary hardware and software requirements and proposes basic system architecture. The limitation and bottleneck of the system are also identified: latency of the wireless communication constraints the accuracy of the test system. However, the presented framework can contribute to efficient development, testing and validation of automated cars. The Scenario-In-The-Loop architecture has also been justified by real-world demonstration using an experimental 5G New Radio network technology.

Saurabh Sharma, Vijay Kumar Gahlawat, Kumar Rahul et al.

The agri-food sector is an endless source of expansion for nourishing a vast population, but there is a considerable need to develop high-standard procedures through intelligent and innovative technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and big data. This paper addresses the research concerning AI and big data analytics in the food industry, including machine learning, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and various algorithms. Logistics, supply chain, marketing, and production patterns are covered along with food sub-sector applications for artificial intelligence techniques. It is found that utilization of AI techniques and the intelligent optimization algorithm also leads to significant process and production management. Thus, digital technologies are a boon for the food industry, where AI and big data have enabled us to achieve optimum results in realtime.

Mohammad Shokri

E-judicial services are one dimension of e-government implementation. Despite the many benefits and the need to use, this phenomenon has legal and social consequences if not done correctly; the approach to this is inefficiency and the consequent squandering of plaintiffs' rights and client dissatisfaction in resorting to the judicial system. An insufficient number of e-judicial service offices is one problem that makes it impossible to file lawsuits or requests in time. Failure to cover some of the options defined in the system for filing a lawsuit or legal claims is one of these shortcomings that limit the adjustment of the lawsuit following reality, a situation that sometimes affects judicial decision-making and system outages of problems. Which sometimes hinders litigation. The importance of achieving justice in the judicial needs of the community indicates the need to address these problems.

Seyed Mohsen Mahmoudi, Morteza Bagheri, Navid Khademi et al.

In railway stations, an appropriate facility planning and layout design leads to enhance efficiency and passenger satisfaction. The present study provided a methodology to design facility layout by integrating simulation and optimization for passengers in public location, as well as proposing an innovative model to allocate candidate location to the facility. The proposed model results in the selection of the location for the facility with any dimension and without space limitation. Furthermore, it is usable for passenger’s terminal and all public locations. The advantages of the proposed model are reducing some parameters such as the movement duration of passengers, experienced passenger density, and flow rate, and increasing the quality of passenger terminals.

Gulivindala Pallavi, Mehar Arpan

The influence of the side friction activities on the speed has been analyzed in the present study by conducting series of traffic field surveys. Pedestrian movements, parked vehicles and entry-exit of vehicles from surroundings, and wrong way movements are observed from videos and analyzed to estimate weighing factors. To examine the combined effects of all the activities the weighing factors are used to determine total value of side friction on the road. The study suggests model to estimate average speed of vehicular stream with the effect of side friction and volume on the roads section. It was found that the vehicular speed decreases as side friction increases at all the levels of traffic volume. However, no change in the speed was observed at lower level side friction. Capacity value obtained for combined data based on Greenshield’s theory that showed 9% reduction in the value considering with and without side friction.

Sergeyev Victor

The article discovers the methodical approaches to the study of logistic activities controlling at the Russian enterprises. There are defined the phases of the controlling research management and described the initial sample of the enterprises surveyed. The methodology of the logistics controlling research is based on the system analysis, the methods of economic cybernetics, operations research, mathematical statistics, the theory of optimal decision-making, and the management theory.

Bazaras Darius, Čižiūnienė Kristina, Palšaitis Ramūnas et al.

The article analyses theoretical aspects of the qualitative assessment of logistics and transport specialists’ potential, as well as provides research results on competence and capacity-building process in preparation of logistics and transport specialists. The results enabled to identify problematic areas of graduate integration in the labour market and foresee the possible requirements for professional development. In some cases, internal motivation is related to problematic points or negative view from the environment, as well as poor understanding of knowledge benefits in the person’s practical life. Training and education is objectively at the meeting point between research, technological and organisational systems. In such conditions the objective of the education on logistics is to offer the customers the best possible service in the field of the transfer of knowledge in harmony with the trend in logistics programme development. The main problems and perspectives of logistics education and training process are discussed in this article.