Hasil untuk "Personnel management. Employment management"

Nansy Kouroupi

Cultural festivals have long been anchored in co-located, resource-intensive events, which increasingly raises questions about who can participate, at what environmental cost and with what consequences for cultural integrity in destinations facing overtourism. This paper examines how metaverse-based, metaverse-adjacent and hybrid festival configurations may reconfigure festival tourism by reshaping accessibility, cultural engagement and environmental performance, and considers the implications for governance and policy. Drawing on a narrative literature review of academic and institutional sources published mainly between 2010 and 2025, it synthesises work on digital transformation, virtual and hybrid events, accessible tourism, digital inequality, overtourism and sustainable festival management. The paper offers a structured, critically informed synthesis and a set of propositions intended to guide future empirical and theoretical research on metaverse applications in tourism and hospitality. The review suggests that “metaverse-based” festivals can ease geographical, financial and some physical constraints for some groups, widen participation for underserved groups and support new forms of cultural preservation and co-creation, while also risking deeper digital inequalities and renewed concerns about cultural commodification, data governance and authenticity. Environmentally, virtual participation may reduce travel-related emissions and local crowding when it substitutes for physical attendance, while shifting impacts towards energy-intensive digital infrastructures and device lifecycles.

Jaume AGUSTÍ CULLELL, Jordi AGUSTÍ PANAREDA

Pour les auteurs, la fascination et la peur que suscite l’intelligence artificielle (IA) découlent d’une compréhension erronée de l’intelligence humaine (IH) qui, elle, peine à déployer son potentiel. L’enthousiasme qui entoure l’IA occulte souvent la déshumanisation concomitantede l’IH.  Considérant le travail comme un champ où se dessine le futur de l’intelligence, ils défendent une conception plus étendue de l’IH, rappelant ses différentes dimensions et capacités constitutives et les limites souvent oubliées de l’IA. Ils voient dans les multiples défis de notre époque charnière une chance inédite de cultiver au travail les dimensions intrinsèquement humaines de l’intelligence, indispensables à l’humanisation du travail, mais largement inexploitées.

Andrea Bonetti, Adrián Salcedo-Puche, Joan Vila-Francés et al.

The contemporary digital landscape overwhelms visitors with fragmented and dynamic information, complicating travel planning and often leading to decision paralysis. This paper presents a real-world case study on the design and deployment of an intelligent tourism assistant for Valencia, Spain, built upon a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture. To address the complexity of integrating static attraction data, live events, and geospatial context, we implemented a multi-agent system orchestrated via the ReAct (Reason + Act) paradigm, comprising specialized Retrieval, Events, and Geospatial Agents. Powered by a large language model, the system unifies heterogeneous data sources—including official tourism repositories and OpenStreetMap—within a single conversational interface. Our contribution centers on practical insights and engineering lessons from developing RAG in an operational urban tourism environment. We outline data preprocessing strategies, such as coreference resolution, to improve contextual consistency and reduce hallucinations. System performance is evaluated using Retrieval Augmented Generation Assessment (RAGAS) metrics, yielding quantitative results that assess both retrieval efficiency and generation quality, with the Mistral Small 3.1 model achieving an Answer Relevancy score of 0.897. Overall, this work highlights both the challenges and advantages of using agent-based RAG to manage urban-scale information complexity, providing guidance for developers aiming to build trustworthy, context-aware AI systems for smart destination management.

Philips Adekemi

Corporate sustainability has become integral to modern business practices, reflecting a shift in how organizations understand their responsibilities to society and the environment. It allows corporations to meet current needs while ensuring future generations can do the same across environmental, social, and economic aspects. To this end, this paper explores the strategic importance of corporate sustainability, examining its connection to enhanced financial performance, operational efficiency, and stakeholder trust. It succinctly evaluates the critical role of legal frameworks in shaping sustainability practices, illustrating how regulations can drive companies to adopt sustainable behaviors while fostering accountability and transparency. Through a systematic literature review, this study investigates the implementation of sustainability regulations across various jurisdictions, the effectiveness of different legal instruments, and gaps within existing frameworks that hinder corporate sustainability efforts. The findings highlight the complexities of legal instruments that influence corporate behavior, emphasizing the need for further research into comparative analyses, the impact of emerging technologies, and longitudinal studies on CSR legislation. Based on these insights, the paper proposes recommendations for policymakers, including promoting comparative studies, integrating emerging technologies into regulations, and involving stakeholders in the policy-making process. Ultimately, this paper aims to inform future policies that strengthen sustainability initiatives in business, enhancing both legal frameworks and corporate practices.

Hao Cui, Taha Yasseri

As AI becomes more embedded in workplaces, it is shifting from a tool for efficiency to an active force in organizational decision-making. Whether due to anthropomorphism or intentional design choices, people often assign human-like qualities, including gender, to AI systems. However, how AI managers are perceived in comparison to human managers and how gender influences these perceptions remains uncertain. To investigate this, we conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where teams of three participants worked together under a randomly assigned manager. The manager was either a human or an AI and was presented as male, female, or gender-unspecified. The manager's role was to select the best-performing team member for an additional award. Our findings reveal that while participants initially showed no strong preference based on manager type or gender, their perceptions changed notably after experiencing the award process. As expected, those who received awards rated their managers as more trustworthy, competent, and fair, and they were more willing to work with similar managers in the future. In contrast, those who were not selected viewed them less favorably. However, male managers, whether human or AI, were more positively received by awarded participants, whereas female managers, especially female AI managers, faced greater skepticism and negative judgments when they did not give awards. These results suggest that gender bias in leadership extends beyond human managers to include AI-driven decision-makers as well. As AI assumes more managerial responsibilities, understanding and addressing these biases will be crucial for designing fair and effective AI management systems.

John Ogidan, Waleola Akinfiresoye, Olapeju Adenekan

The seeds of Delonix regia (Flame Tree), commonly known for their medicinal properties, have not been fully explored for their mechanical properties, thereby hindering their mechanization in production and handling processes. This study investigates some moisture-dependent mechanical properties of Delonix regia seeds, using standard ASABE (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers) protocols. Seeds were subjected to different moisture content levels, and mechanical properties such as compressive strength, rupture force, and deformation were evaluated. The results show a decrease in compressive strength from 2.919 to 2.398 MPa as moisture content increased from 7.78% to 21.67%. Similar reductions were observed in rupture force and crushing energy from 56.972N – 35.756N and 41.2mJ – 29.011m respectively. These findings provide critical data for designing equipment for seed handling and processing these seeds. Further research is necessary to explore other technological applications of the seeds.

Agnieszka Stanimir, Klaudia Przybysz

The increasing number of elderly tourists requires adapting tourism services to address their specific health and comfort needs, which presents a new challenge for the industry. The aim of this study is to check the readiness of the tourism sector for demographic changes, to identify the characteristics of seniors that should be taken into account when constructing tourist offers, and to learn about the reasons for non-participation in tourism by different age groups. The study used data from a survey conducted among Polish companies from the tourism sector and data from Statistics Poland regarding the travelling habits of Polish people. Correspondence analysis and Sequence, Association and Link Analysis (SAL) were used. The surveyed companies from the tourism sector have noticed demographic changes related to the ageing of the population and are actively responding to these changes. The most important factors influencing the construction of offers for seniors are health and mobility issues and problems with modern technology. Seniors give up tourism mainly because they prefer to stay at home followed by health or mobility issues.

Soo Kang, Rebecca Hill, Dawn Thilmany

This study uses an input–output model to assess the economic impact of the 2018 Mile High 420 Festival on the Colorado economy. A comprehensive assessment was conducted to determine the economic impact of the Mile High 420 Festival, which included analyzing the direct, indirect, and induced effects of festival spending. The study involved 233 respondents whose primary motive was to attend the 420 Festival. Using IMPLAN, the study’s data were analyzed to determine the economic activity generated by visitor activity. On average, each respondent spent USD 2013 during their trip to Colorado. The largest expense per person was on cannabis-related activities and shopping, followed by lodging and food and drink. When these expenses were multiplied by the number of visitors (25,650), the total spending amounted to USD 51.7 million. When indirect and induced spending was included, the 2018 Mile High 420 Festival generated a total economic impact of over USD 95 million for Colorado. It contributed to the creation of 787 jobs in the region. No study has been conducted on the economic impact of a cannabis-themed festival in the current tourism literature. Therefore, this study contributes to filling this gap by developing literature on the impact of cannabis tourism and its implications for host communities or states, especially for state policymakers and business professionals. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reliable benchmark for subsequent economic impact analyses and comparisons with other industries.

Petrov Viktorija, Drašković Zoran, Ćelić Đorđe et al.

Background: Research on the topic of determining success of online learning is on the rise. Defining the key success factors, i.e. determinants of online learning success, is extremely important, especially at present as all higher education institutions have been forced to try their hand at teaching with the help of technology. Purpose: Thus a research examining factors of learning outcomes of online learning was conducted. Learning outcomes were modelled as dependent variable, while the set of independent model variables included: course design, student motivation, student self-regulation and dialogue (instructor-student, student-student). Study design/methodology/approach: Five research hypotheses were tested by analysing data collected from the students of the University of Novi Sad. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect data on the attitudes of users (students) to online learning. Respondents expressed their views (perception) about statements and valued them on a 5 point Likert scale. The instrument was applied to a sample of 360 responses using PLS structural equation modelling. Findings/conclusions: All five hypothesis were supported with the analysis, confirming the importance of research from the aspect of contribution to the literature dedicated to identifying the key success factors of online learning. Additional contribution refers to the research conducted in Serbia, i.e. at the University of Novi Sad. Limitations/future research: A more detailed analysis of the model itself and the possibility of finding the interdependence of constructs that affect perceived learning outcomes and user satisfaction remains as an area for further research.

Mahlamakiti D. Kau, Jeremy Mitonga-Monga, Tebogo K. Molotsi

Orientation: Commitment, well-being and employer loyalty affect nurse retention. Literature shows that nurses are leaving the workforce at an alarming rate and that various factors are causing them to leave their employers. Research purpose: The main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the ethical work climate in the organisation on nurses’ commitment. Motivation for the study: The health sector is essential in promoting mental, physical and emotional health but faces a shortage of skilled workers. The work ethics climate (WEC) can play a crucial role in retaining skills. Research approach/design and method: A quantitative research approach was adopted in a non-probability convenience sample of 208 permanent nurses from a South African public hospital. Participants completed self-assessments on an ethical climate questionnaire and an organisational commitment scale (OCS), and regression analysis was used to analyse the data. Main findings: Work ethics climate correlated with nurses’ affective, continuance and normative commitment. In addition, the results indicated that WEC predicted nurses’ commitment. Practical/managerial implications: Public hospitals in South Africa should create policies, laws and procedures that encourage ethical behaviour characterised by honesty, justice and dignity to boost nurse commitment. Thus, the South African hospital should foster an ethical workplace and implement an ethical code. Contribution/value add: This study contributes to the theory of ethical work climate and ethical behaviour by suggesting that nurses who positively perceive policies, rules and hospitals that have clear regulations are more likely to engage.

Enkhzul Galsanjigmed, Tomoki Sekiguchi

A part of diversity management is working to achieve gender equality and create a comfortable working environment for women. However, in many organizations, gender biases and stereotypes frequently occur, consciously or unconsciously, regardless of whether women take on leadership roles. In addition, women must overcome a variety of challenges when taking on leadership roles or aspiring to become leaders. Based on the above background, we review and integrate the literature on management and career studies related to the challenges that women face in the process of advancing to leadership positions in organizations. Specifically, we examine the external and internal factors that create the various obstacles that women who aspire to leadership positions in structured organizations face from a gender perspective. Based on the integrative review, we discuss the implications for practices to increase the number of female leaders.

Kelley A. McClinchey, Frederic Dimanche

This paper analyzes the role of Canadian online news media in framing travel during the pandemic. The article applies Altheide’s concept of the problem frame to reflect how news media contribute to the emergence of a highly rationalized problem that, in turn, generates a discourse of fear. While the impacts of COVID-19 on tourism have been extensively examined within tourism scholarship, less attention has been devoted to the impact of news media. Because travel and the pandemic are heavily intertwined, discourse analysis can help process media narratives, furthering our understanding of their role in influencing perceived risk of travel. A critical discourse analysis of over 100 online news articles was conducted using thematic analysis to uncover themes in Canadian media sources and to explore how the media have framed travel during the pandemic. The role of online news media in promoting fear was communicated through the themes of anxiety, antitrust, avoidance, and animosity. The role of the media in producing the problem frame in the context of travel was examined as well as its implications for perceived travel risk and tourism demand. The power dynamics between media, government, and the citizens it serves are also discussed.

Muhammad Kazim, Michael Muldoon, Kwang-Ki K. Kim

This paper considers the problem of managing single or multiple robots and proposes a cloud-based robot fleet manager, Adaptive Goal Management (AGM) System, for teams of unmanned mobile robots. The AGM system uses an adaptive goal execution approach and provides a restful API for communication between single or multiple robots, enabling real-time monitoring and control. The overarching goal of AGM is to coordinate single or multiple robots to productively complete tasks in an environment. There are some existing works that provide various solutions for managing single or multiple robots, but the proposed AGM system is designed to be adaptable and scalable, making it suitable for managing multiple heterogeneous robots in diverse environments with dynamic changes. The proposed AGM system presents a versatile and efficient solution for managing single or multiple robots across multiple industries, such as healthcare, agriculture, airports, manufacturing, and logistics. By enhancing the capabilities of these robots and enabling seamless task execution, the AGM system offers a powerful tool for facilitating complex operations. The effectiveness of the proposed AGM system is demonstrated through simulation experiments in diverse environments using ROS1 with Gazebo. The results show that the AGM system efficiently manages the allocated tasks and missions. Tests conducted in the manufacturing industry have shown promising results in task and mission management for both a single Mobile Industrial Robot and multiple Turtlebot3 robots. To provide further insights, a supplementary video showcasing the experiments can be found at https://github.com/mukmalone/ AdaptiveGoalManagement.

Afonso Oliveira, João P. Matos-Carvalho, Filipe Moutinho et al.

The increasing frequency and severity of wildfires requires advanced methods for effective surveillance and management. Traditional ground-based observation techniques often struggle to adapt to rapidly changing fire behavior and environmental conditions. This paper examines the application of multispectral aerial and satellite imagery in wildfire management, emphasizing the identification and analysis of key factors influencing wildfire behavior, such as combustible vegetation and water features. Through a comprehensive review of current literature and the presentation of two practical case studies, we assess various multispectral indices and evaluate their effectiveness in extracting critical environmental attributes essential for wildfire prevention and management. Our case studies highlight several indices as particularly effective for segmentation and extraction: NVDI for vegetation, MNDWI for water features, and MSR for artificial structures. These indices significantly enhance wildfire data processing, thereby supporting improved monitoring and response strategies.

Nick Stender, Tobias Pfandzelter, David Bermbach

Current fog systems rely on centralized and strongly consistent services for configuration management originally designed for cloud systems. In the geo-distributed fog, such systems can exhibit high communication latency or become unavailable in case of network partition. In this paper, we examine the drawbacks of strong consistency for fog configuration management and propose an alternative based on CRDTs. We prototypically implement our approach for the FReD fog data management platform. Early results show reductions of server response times of up to 50\%.

Fizah Rajani, Karla A. Boluk

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework provides a set of 17 goals aiming to enhance global well-being by reducing poverty, enhancing health outcomes, responding to gender equality, and mobilizing social justice and peace efforts. Tourism has been centered as playing a key role in marshaling the SDGs, mainly due to its economic impact as a leading global sector. With the onset of the pandemic, it is incumbent upon scholars to take the pulse and consider the broader backdrop inhibiting SDG progress, with the intention of considering how tourism may be a vehicle for progressing the goals. As such, our analysis may serve to be useful for national and local governments, policy advisors, tourism establishments, and enterprises, as well as visitors and host communities. Specifically, we need to attend to some of the challenges inhibiting progress, scrutinize the use of language, which may lead to misinterpretation, and attend to the lack of clarity for building policies supporting decision making. Thus, the aim of this commentary is to examine some of the critiques and challenges inhibiting the realization of the goals, including a lack of awareness, and understanding of the SDGs, including what each goal entails, the division of power, the role of governance, stakeholders, and financial support required for policy and decision making, along with addressing the misconceptions surrounding the implementation of sustainable approaches. Understanding some of the critiques and challenges of the SDGs may improve our understanding of the potential role the tourism sector may play in progressing the goals.

Jonas Schuett

The proposed EU AI Act is the first comprehensive attempt to regulate AI in a major jurisdiction. This article analyses Article 9, the key risk management provision in the AI Act. It gives an overview of the regulatory concept behind Article 9, determines its purpose and scope of application, offers a comprehensive interpretation of the specific risk management requirements, and outlines ways in which the requirements can be enforced. This article is written with the aim of helping providers of high-risk systems comply with the requirements set out in Article 9. In addition, it can inform revisions of the current draft of the AI Act and efforts to develop harmonised standards on AI risk management.

Shantanu Pal, Ambrose Hill, Tahiry Rabehaja et al.

There has been considerable advancement in the use of blockchain for trust management in large-scale dynamic systems. In such systems, blockchain is mainly used to store the trust score or trust-related information of interactions among the various entities. However, present trust management architectures using blockchain lack verifiable interactions among the entities on which the trust score is calculated. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based trust management framework that allows independent trust providers to implement different trust metrics on a common set of trust evidence and provide individual trust value. We employ geo-location as proof of interaction. Some of the existing proposals rely upon geo-location data, but they do not support trust calculation by multiple trust providers. Instead, they can only support a centralised system. Our proposed architecture does not depend upon a single centralised third-party entity to ensure trusted interactions. Our architecture is supported by provable interactions that can easily be verified using blockchain. Therefore, it allows a high degree of confidence in trust management by ensuring the actual interactions between the entities. We provide a detailed design and development of the architecture using real-world use case examples. The proof of prototype was implemented on the Ethereum blockchain platform. Experimental results demonstrate that the employment of independent trust providers adequately provides a high degree of trust scores and that the proposed architecture can be used in a real-world environment.

Tasneem Darwish, Gunes Kurt, Halim Yanikomeroglu et al.

Future integrated terrestrial, aerial, and space networks will involve thousands of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites forming a network of mega-constellations, which will play a significant role in providing communication and Internet services everywhere, at any time, and for everything. Due to its very large scale and highly dynamic nature, future LEO satellite networks (SatNets) management is a very complicated and crucial process, especially the mobility management aspect and its two components location management and handover management. In this article, we present a comprehensive and critical review of the state-of-the-art research in LEO SatNets location management. First, we give an overview of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) mobility management standards (e.g., Mobile IPv6 and Proxy Mobile IPv6) and discuss their location management techniques limitations in the environment of future LEO SatNets. We highlight future LEO SatNets mobility characteristics and their challenging features and describe two unprecedented future location management scenarios. A taxonomy of the available location management solutions for LEO SatNets is presented, where the solutions are classified into three approaches. The "Issues to consider" section draws attention to critical points related to each of the reviewed approaches that should be considered in future LEO SatNets location management. To identify the gaps, the current state of LEO SatNets location management is summarized. Noteworthy future research directions are recommended. This article is providing a road map for researchers and industry to shape the future of LEO SatNets location management.