Hasil untuk "Organizational behaviour, change and effectiveness. Corporate culture"

Vynska Amalia Permadi, Xingwei Tan, Nafise Sadat Moosavi et al.

Understanding culture requires reasoning across context, tradition, and implicit social knowledge, far beyond recalling isolated facts. Yet most culturally focused question answering (QA) benchmarks rely on single-hop questions, which may allow models to exploit shallow cues rather than demonstrate genuine cultural reasoning. In this work, we introduce ID-MoCQA, the first large-scale multi-hop QA dataset for assessing the cultural understanding of large language models (LLMs), grounded in Indonesian traditions and available in both English and Indonesian. We present a new framework that systematically transforms single-hop cultural questions into multi-hop reasoning chains spanning six clue types (e.g., commonsense, temporal, geographical). Our multi-stage validation pipeline, combining expert review and LLM-as-a-judge filtering, ensures high-quality question-answer pairs. Our evaluation across state-of-the-art models reveals substantial gaps in cultural reasoning, particularly in tasks requiring nuanced inference. ID-MoCQA provides a challenging and essential benchmark for advancing the cultural competency of LLMs.

Alessandra Varisco, Martina Ponzoni, Dieter Suls

The paper describes the characteristics and potential of d_archive’s method in 3D modeling of high quality replicas of fashion artefacts. d_archive is an emerging project with the purpose to support the preservation of fashion heritage and make it accessible digitally, since 2022 the collective is collaborating with various institutions to develop a specific approach to the digitalisation of fashion objects – garments and accessories. Their method is defined by the collective as “digital craftsmanship,” because it involves several skills and knowledge that allow the translation from the physical to the digital. The method is explored in the article via three case studies, as representative models, developed in collaboration with the ModeMuseum Antwerpen. The case studies are contextualised by a theoretical framework in the field of material culture analysis for fashion research; digitalisation and interoperability; workshop and participatory pedagogies for fashion. By reading and analysing the case study, three main characteristics of d_archive methodology emerge: the involvement of analogue techniques such as pattern drafting and sewing, but also fashion design knowledges and skills fostered by participatory activity with the use of a study collection; the characteristics of “digital craftsmanship” a skillful method wherein digital objects are gradually crafted in all the details; the role of artefacts digitisation for fashion research, considering the potential of d_archive’s method that does not aim to overcome object based and material research, but rather to integrate it, opening up multiple possibilities for further interpretation of fashion sources–thanks to interoperability of the digital files.

Stephanie Swartz

This paper discusses the importance of integrating global virtual team projects into Information Technology (IT) and Computer Science curricula to enhance students’ cultural awareness and ability to collaborate across different time zones, as well as improve their skills in digital communication and virtual project management. In this study, students enrolled in an IT program at a university in Germany participated in a Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) project involving peers from 17 different countries and various disciplines. A mixed-methods study was carried out over two semesters, and the results highlight the benefits of such transdisciplinary initiatives, demonstrating the value of incorporating COIL projects into IT curricula, and illuminate the challenges of COIL projects for both students and instructors. With this study, the author aims to encourage educators and administrators in Higher Education to support and implement interdisciplinary COIL projects, better preparing graduates for the challenges of the 21st-century global workforce.

Nasim Afshar-kaveh, Alireza Koushkie Jahromi, Mir Ali Seyyed Naghavi et al.

Moonlighting is a widespread and increasingly prevalent phenomenon in today's society, forcing human resources managers to develop new strategies for managing their workforce by deeply understanding this pervasive issue and its causes. Thus, the typology of moonlighting and its causes as well as alignment checks were the goals of the current study. In terms of its primary goal, the method utilized to collect qualitative data, and the Meta-synthesis methodology, this study is qualitative. For this purpose, a new configuration of the moonlighting phenomena was provided using the seven step model of Sandlovsky and Barroso. In this study, reliability was evaluated using Holstein's method, while validity was checked using Glynn's checklist. After examining and analyzing the results of the systematic review, four types of moonlighting—compulsory moonlighting, targeted moonlighting, full moonlighting, and hybrid moonlighting—as well as three categories of environmental, occupational, and individual antecedents—were discovered. After placing each type of moonlighting according to the components of the three antecedents, the moonlighting model was established as the cornerstone of organizational studies.

Amr Keleg

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential of being useful tools that can automate tasks and assist humans. However, these models are more fluent in English and more aligned with Western cultures, norms, and values. Arabic-specific LLMs are being developed to better capture the nuances of the Arabic language, as well as the views of the Arabs. Yet, Arabs are sometimes assumed to share the same culture. In this position paper, I discuss the limitations of this assumption and provide preliminary thoughts for how to build systems that can better represent the cultural diversity within the Arab world. The invalidity of the cultural homogeneity assumption might seem obvious, yet, it is widely adopted in developing multilingual and Arabic-specific LLMs. I hope that this paper will encourage the NLP community to be considerate of the cultural diversity within various communities speaking the same language.

Truong Vo, Sanmi Koyejo

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in culturally diverse environments, yet existing evaluations of cultural competence remain limited. Existing methods focus on de-contextualized correctness or forced-choice judgments, overlooking the need for cultural understanding and reasoning required for appropriate responses. To address this gap, we introduce a set of benchmarks that, instead of directly probing abstract norms or isolated statements, present models with realistic situational contexts that require culturally grounded reasoning. In addition to the standard Exact Match metric, we introduce four complementary metrics (Coverage, Specificity, Connotation, and Coherence) to capture different dimensions of model's response quality. Empirical analysis across frontier models reveals that thin evaluation systematically overestimates cultural competence and produces unstable assessments with high variance. In contrast, thick evaluation exposes differences in reasoning depth, reduces variance, and provides more stable, interpretable signals of cultural understanding.

مهدی مرادی, حاجیه رجبی فرجاد

پژوهش حاضر، با هدف تحلیل رابطۀ هوش فرهنگی با کارآفرینی کارکنان وظیفۀ همدان با نقش میانجی­گری محیط سازمانی انجام شد. این پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش، توصیفی از نوع همبستگی است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل کلیۀ کارکنان وظیفۀ مشغول به خدمت در فرماندهی انتظامی همدان به‌­تعداد 460 نفر بود که براساس فرمول کوکران تعداد 210 نفر انتخاب شدند. روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه­‌ای در این پژوهش مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. ابزار اصلی جمع‌­آوری داده­‌ها سه پرسشنامه بود. در بخش آمار استنباطی، از آزمون مدل معادلات ساختاری و از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS  نسخۀ 23 و Smart PLS استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که هوش فرهنگی با کارآفرینی کارکنان وظیفۀ همدان و محیط سازمانی  با کارآفرینی کارکنان وظیفۀ همدان رابطۀ مثبت و معنادار دارد.

Donald Gault

Bridging is a furniture bank located in Minnesota’s Twin Cities.  Since 1987, Bridging has helped make the homes of close to 350,000 people places of dignity and hope. The work of Bridging is built around a remarkable series of partnerships that strongly aligns with Riane Eisler’s concept of caring economics, and Bryan Stevenson’s challenge to us all to take action to change the world. This paper will outline the origins of Bridging, how it operates, and how it represents an inspiring, tangible example of the power of partnership to transform individuals and communities.  

Siddhesh Pawar, Junyeong Park, Jiho Jin et al.

Large-scale deployment of large language models (LLMs) in various applications, such as chatbots and virtual assistants, requires LLMs to be culturally sensitive to the user to ensure inclusivity. Culture has been widely studied in psychology and anthropology, and there has been a recent surge in research on making LLMs more culturally inclusive in LLMs that goes beyond multilinguality and builds on findings from psychology and anthropology. In this paper, we survey efforts towards incorporating cultural awareness into text-based and multimodal LLMs. We start by defining cultural awareness in LLMs, taking the definitions of culture from anthropology and psychology as a point of departure. We then examine methodologies adopted for creating cross-cultural datasets, strategies for cultural inclusion in downstream tasks, and methodologies that have been used for benchmarking cultural awareness in LLMs. Further, we discuss the ethical implications of cultural alignment, the role of Human-Computer Interaction in driving cultural inclusion in LLMs, and the role of cultural alignment in driving social science research. We finally provide pointers to future research based on our findings about gaps in the literature.

Abby Winterberg, Kelly Landsman, Nancy Downing et al.

Nurses make up the largest segment of the health-care workforce worldwide (World Health Organization, 2020). Nursing is fundamentally a process of innovation, where creativity and problem-solving are leveraged to co-create optimal outcomes for each patient and family. Throughout history, nurse innovators have contributed significantly to health-care research, quality, safety, and improved outcomes. Unfortunately, nursing innovation is often not well recognized, respected, or utilized, and most patient care devices and technologies currently in use were not developed by or even with direct consultation with nurses. Nurses seek transdisciplinary partners to develop devices and technologies to transform health care and achieve optimal patient outcomes. This article highlights the experience of five nurses partnering with other disciplines to bring nursing innovations into practice, introducing a vision for patient care devices and technologies developed by a committee formed through the American Nurses Association. Sharing these experiences and vision is a call to interdisciplinary colleagues to recognize nurses’ needs, skills, and efforts - a call to partner with them to install devices and technologies into health care that can achieve patient care excellence.

Christoph Auer, Ahmed Nassar, Maksym Lysak et al.

Transforming documents into machine-processable representations is a challenging task due to their complex structures and variability in formats. Recovering the layout structure and content from PDF files or scanned material has remained a key problem for decades. ICDAR has a long tradition in hosting competitions to benchmark the state-of-the-art and encourage the development of novel solutions to document layout understanding. In this report, we present the results of our \textit{ICDAR 2023 Competition on Robust Layout Segmentation in Corporate Documents}, which posed the challenge to accurately segment the page layout in a broad range of document styles and domains, including corporate reports, technical literature and patents. To raise the bar over previous competitions, we engineered a hard competition dataset and proposed the recent DocLayNet dataset for training. We recorded 45 team registrations and received official submissions from 21 teams. In the presented solutions, we recognize interesting combinations of recent computer vision models, data augmentation strategies and ensemble methods to achieve remarkable accuracy in the task we posed. A clear trend towards adoption of vision-transformer based methods is evident. The results demonstrate substantial progress towards achieving robust and highly generalizing methods for document layout understanding.

Yong Cao, Yova Kementchedjhieva, Ruixiang Cui et al.

Building upon the considerable advances in Large Language Models (LLMs), we are now equipped to address more sophisticated tasks demanding a nuanced understanding of cross-cultural contexts. A key example is recipe adaptation, which goes beyond simple translation to include a grasp of ingredients, culinary techniques, and dietary preferences specific to a given culture. We introduce a new task involving the translation and cultural adaptation of recipes between Chinese and English-speaking cuisines. To support this investigation, we present CulturalRecipes, a unique dataset comprised of automatically paired recipes written in Mandarin Chinese and English. This dataset is further enriched with a human-written and curated test set. In this intricate task of cross-cultural recipe adaptation, we evaluate the performance of various methods, including GPT-4 and other LLMs, traditional machine translation, and information retrieval techniques. Our comprehensive analysis includes both automatic and human evaluation metrics. While GPT-4 exhibits impressive abilities in adapting Chinese recipes into English, it still lags behind human expertise when translating English recipes into Chinese. This underscores the multifaceted nature of cultural adaptations. We anticipate that these insights will significantly contribute to future research on culturally-aware language models and their practical application in culturally diverse contexts.

Agrima Seth, Jiyin Cao, Xiaolin Shi et al.

Culture shapes people's behavior, both online and offline. Surprisingly, there is sparse research on how cultural context affects network formation and content consumption on social media. We analyzed the friendship networks and dyadic relations between content producers and consumers across 73 countries through a cultural lens in a closed-network setting. Closed networks allow for intimate bonds and self-expression, providing a natural setting to study cultural differences in behavior. We studied three theoretical frameworks of culture - individualism, relational mobility, and tightness. We found that friendship networks formed across different cultures differ in egocentricity, meaning the connectedness between a user's friends. Individualism, mobility, and looseness also significantly negatively impact how tie strength affects content consumption. Our findings show how culture affects social media behavior, and we outline how researchers can incorporate this in their work. Our work has implications for content recommendations and can improve content engagement.

William Yik, Maike Sonnewald, Mariana C. A. Clare et al.

Complex ocean systems such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current play key roles in the climate, and current models predict shifts in their strength and area under climate change. However, the physical processes underlying these changes are not well understood, in part due to the difficulty of characterizing and tracking changes in ocean physics in complex models. Using the Antarctic Circumpolar Current as a case study, we extend the method Tracking global Heating with Ocean Regimes (THOR) to a mesoscale eddy permitting climate model and identify regions of the ocean characterized by similar physics, called dynamical regimes, using readily accessible fields from climate models. To this end, we cluster grid cells into dynamical regimes and train an ensemble of neural networks, allowing uncertainty quantification, to predict these regimes and track them under climate change. Finally, we leverage this new knowledge to elucidate the dynamical drivers of the identified regime shifts as noted by the neural network using the 'explainability' methods SHAP and Layer-wise Relevance Propagation. A region undergoing a profound shift is where the Antarctic Circumpolar Current intersects the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, an area important for carbon draw-down and fisheries. In this region, THOR specifically reveals a shift in dynamical regime under climate change driven by changes in wind stress and interactions with bathymetry. Using this knowledge to guide further exploration, we find that as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current shifts north under intensifying wind stress, the dominant dynamical role of bathymetry weakens and the flow intensifies.

Khaled Alanezi, Nuha Albadi, Omar Hammad et al.

Online reviews have become essential for users to make informed decisions in everyday tasks ranging from planning summer vacations to purchasing groceries and making financial investments. A key problem in using online reviews is the overabundance of online that overwhelms the users. As a result, recommendation systems for providing helpfulness of reviews are being developed. This paper argues that cultural background is an important feature that impacts the nature of a review written by the user, and must be considered as a feature in assessing the helpfulness of online reviews. The paper provides an in-depth study of differences in online reviews written by users from different cultural backgrounds and how incorporating culture as a feature can lead to better review helpfulness recommendations. In particular, we analyze online reviews originating from two distinct cultural spheres, namely Arabic and Western cultures, for two different products, hotels and books. Our analysis demonstrates that the nature of reviews written by users differs based on their cultural backgrounds and that this difference varies based on the specific product being reviewed. Finally, we have developed six different review helpfulness recommendation models that demonstrate that taking culture into account leads to better recommendations.

Michael Seigne, Joerg Osterrieder

We delve into the intricate world of share buy-backs, a strategic corporate capital allocation tool that has gained significant prominence over the past few decades. Despite being the subject of extensive research and debate, the execution phase of these transactions remains an underexplored area. This lack of research into the execution phase is surprising, especially when compared to the extensive literature on other capital allocation decisions, such as acquisition pricing. We aim to shed light on the execution practices of share buy-backs, highlighting challenges and opportunities that arise and presenting a comparative analysis with other aspects of capital allocation. From an outsider's perspective, this paper analyses the seemingly disparate practices and aims to uncover the "dark arts" of execution. The intention is to assist corporations, investors, and regulators in better understanding the intricacies of executing share buy-backs, emphasizing the need for a cost-efficient and regulatory compliant service for corporations trading their own listed securities. We question the seemingly disproportionate fees charged to corporations for similar or even inferior outcomes, compared to retail and institutional investors. We illustrate potential inefficiencies and frictional costs in the current execution phase. The examples highlight the need for greater transparency and fairness in share buy-back executions, advocating for more equitable processes that benefit all stakeholders in the capital markets ecosystem. With the surge in regulatory attention and political pressure fueled by the rising prominence of buy-backs and evolving ESG considerations, it is crucial that we enhance understanding of this key area. This paper seeks to foster dialogue and encourage transparency, thus promoting the efficient use of resources in capital markets, and ultimately, benefiting shareholders.

Veronica Vinciotti, Luca De Benedictis, Ernst C. Wit

Cultural values vary significantly around the world. Despite a large heterogeneity, similarities across national cultures are present. This paper studies cross-country culture heterogeneity via the joint inference of country-specific copula graphical models from world-wide survey data. To this end, a random graph generative model of the cultural networks is introduced, with a latent space and proximity measures that embed cultural relatedness across countries. Within-country heterogeneity is also accounted for, via parametric modelling of the marginal distributions of each cultural trait. All together, the different components of the model are able to identify several dimensions of culture.

Pintu Das

Large corporations have taken benefit of social media marketing's potential as a forum for marketing and have used it to drive their ad campaigns. Marketers are more conscious than ever of the different social media options that are available to them and are moving much faster than ever to start new sustainability campaigns. Social marketing is the method of promoting a company and its products and services through social media and other networks. While propagating their culture, mission, or desirable tone, organizations can utilize social media marketing to communicate with their existing customers and entice new ones. With help of data analytics tools specifically designed for social media marketing, marketers may monitor the effectiveness of their campaigns. The way we interact with one another and how our society functions as a whole have both changed as a consequence of social networking. Entrepreneurs started to notice how popular social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook and Instagram are becoming more and more. They started utilizing these platforms for social media marketing purposes to advance their objectives. That's because these websites have the power to alter user behaviour. On the social media platforms, marketing professionals can employ a variety of strategies and techniques to catch users' attention and enhance the engagement of their content. Marketers can employ the particular geographic, demographic, and personal information that users can submit on a variety of social media networks to customize their messaging to what is most likely to be popular with consumers. Social media is one of the "biggest chances" a company has currently now just to reach out to prospective customers. The means of socialization are social media. By establishing a closer connection with the public, these new media gain the trust of the public. Social networking marketing has transformed into the new norm for many organizations since the beginnings of last year. Social networking marketing has advanced, as have the companies that use it. It is impossible to pay to be completely silent on social media if a rival is generating controversy with its services and products. It is equally astounding how quickly the social media phenomenon is expanding and growing. With publication came social media marketing first. In an attempt to boost visitors to their sites and preferably, revenue, businesses published their information on social media. Social networking, however, has expanded to be a lot more than simply a method for disseminating information. Companies increasingly utilize social networking sites in a wide range of ways. For instance, an organization that is curious in what customers have to say about its brand may monitoring social media conversations and respond to significant references. In order to determine how effectively a company is operating on social media, it would employ an analytics tool to examine at its visibility, engagement, and sales. Highly targeted social media advertisements would be used by a company looking to reach a certain population on a large scale. The term "social media management" is frequently used to refer to all of them. Numerous ways in which social media has altered business. It is a reality that because of the digital era in which we live, social media and internet marketing have a big influence on how people behave. The technology is evolving quickly, which has increased both supply and demand over time. Automation of all processes is the only way to deal with the significant changes. Despite the emergence of the new communications era, experts advise companies to keep employing conventional methods while also making the most of social media to promote their goals. This study analyzes social media and social media marketing principles as well as related topics like social media's development and advantages, its function and importance in marketing, and its social media marketing tactics. It also offers a broad perspective of marketing through social media in India.

D. Etzion

Jestine Philip

Purpose – Emerging technologies are capable of enhancing organizational- and individual-level outcomes. The organizational behavior (OB) field is beginning to pursue opportunities for researching emerging technologies. This study aims to describe a framework consisting of white, black and grey boxes to demonstrate the tight coupling of phenomena and paradigms in the field and discusses deconstructing OB’s white box to encourage data-driven phenomena to coexist in the spatial framework. Design/methodology/approach – A scoping literature review was conducted to offer a preliminary assessment of technology-oriented research currently occurring in OB. Findings – The literature search revealed two findings. First, the number of published papers on emerging technologies in top management journals has been increasing at a steady pace. Second, various theoretical perspectives at the micro- and macro- organizational level have been used so far for conducting technology-oriented research. Originality/value – By conducting a scoping review of emerging technologies research in OB literature, this paper reveals a conceptual black box relating to technology-oriented research. The essay advocates for loosening OB’s tightly coupled white box to incorporate emerging technologies both as a phenomenon and as data analytical techniques.