In his monumental work Ishinhō (984), translated here as “The True Method of Treatment,” court physician Tamba Yasuyori (912—995) reorganized the received corpus of Chinese medical knowledge and proposed a new classification of illnesses and therapies, thereby laying key foundations for Japanese medicine. This article examines the distinctive features of Heian-period (794—1185) medical practice, with particular attention to the diversity of diagnosed diseases, their etiology, and the principal actors involved in treatment. Methodologically, the study draws primarily on 11th — 12th-century court diaries — Midōkanpakuki (Fujiwara no Michinaga), Shōyūki (Fujiwara no Sanesuke), and Gyokuyō (Kujō no Kanezane). Unlike the Ishinhō, these sources document the day-to-day application of therapies in considerable detail and illuminate the inseparable integration of medicine and ritual: pharmacological prescriptions, incantations, and exorcistic rites routinely complemented one another in the management of illness. The diaries attest to an extensive nosology, but the most prevalent and feared condition was “wind disease,” a disorder marked by heterogeneous etiologies and a wide range of symptoms. Treatment typically involved three categories of specialists — court physicians, onmyōji (yin-yang diviners), and genja (Buddhist ritual adepts) — each performing distinct functions within a shared therapeutic enterprise. Although their domains at times overlapped and produced competition, and even open rivalry, such tensions generally did not undermine therapeutic efficacy; rather, their combined interventions made treatment notably adaptable. Explanations of causation ranged from pathogenic qi, intensified by noxious winds in accordance with Chinese medical theory, to the agency of kami and other supernatural beings capable of inflicting serious harm. Chief among the presumed culprits were vengeful spirits (mononoke). No universal cure existed: different categories of malevolent entities called for distinct therapeutic modalities — herbal decoctions, liturgical recitations, or elaborate exorcisms — deployed in combination as circumstances required.
Yoko Hasegawa, Kiyono Fujinaga-Gordon, Jun Kanazawa
et al.
This paper proposes integrating the activity of Wikipedia-article authoring into an advanced-level Japanese reading course. With its unprecedented wealth of information and unique feature of collaborative writing, Wikipedia has been recognized as a powerful pedagogical tool. Nevertheless, adapting it to a course requires a considerable amount of planning and preparation. Probably because of this high threshold, it is yet to be widely employed by L2 educators. In the fall of 2022, we experimentally taught a course, assigning short Japanese Wikipedia articles for translation into English. This paper provides information sufficient for those interested in experimenting with this potential resource to enhance their courses.
Language and Literature, Japanese language and literature
The article considers the stages of formation and development of economic relations between the USSR/Russia and Japan. Within the period of the 1960s – 2021, four main stages were distinguished, differing in the forms, scale, and institutional framework of interactions: 1960s – 1980s, late 1980s – first half of the 1990s, second half of the 1990s – first half of the 2000s, the second half of the 2000s – 2021. It is shown how the sanctions against the Russian Federation introduced in 2022 affected the scale and prospects of economic interactions. The change in the model of bilateral interactions is analyzed: from trade and credit relations at the first stage to Japan's trade and investment expansion, which is characteristic of the fourth stage, while the export specialization of Russia and its Far East, based on the natural advantages of raw materials, continues. The main forms of origin and further development of mutual trade are described, starting with “small or coastal” trade and compensatory agreements and ending with spatial maneuvering and energy projects. It is argued that the general content of bilateral interactions at all stages is the formation in the Far East, as the dominant development strategy, of the concentration of economic resources in natural resource sectors and the formation on this basis of an export base oriented towards Japan as the basis for economic development. This strategy was increasingly formed as one of the most important components of economic policy both in the USSR and in Russia. The article upholds the thesis about the deepening of the gap between the Russian and Japanese economies, which are increasingly functioning within the framework of different structural and technological systems, which determines the modern scale, nature, and dynamics of mutual trade and economic interactions.
The main structural and dynamic trends of exports and imports, stages and features of the organization of interactions in 1991–2021 are analyzed, as well as the features of investment cooperation. Modern problems of investment and trade relations are considered in connection with the introduction of packages of sanctions by Japan against the Russian economy and the Russian counter-sanctions.
Research that carries the theme of cultural identity is always associated with identities that are formed and seen from ethnicity, race, country, and the like. The purpose of this study is to reveal the cultural identity of fans in an internet-based fandom, especially on Twitter social media. The theories used are Hall and Barker's theory of cultural identity, Nagy-Koles' virtual identity theory, Jenkins' fan study, and McQuail's new media theory. The approach used to conduct this research is a qualitative approach, while the method used to conduct this research is participatory observation and interview that involved several fans that followed one of the Attacks on Titan’s fandom accounts, AOTFESS. In AOTFESS, the study later found out that their cultural identity is not always seen from literal symbols, but rather formed and then found through the interactivities of fans who follow the account.
Many Japanese university students' English writing skills are insufficient despite completing at least six years of English language instruction before entering university. Several researchers have explored this topic. A corpus-based approach to this field, for example, has improved the understanding of the writing skills of learners of English. In Japan, the recent developments in corpus linguistics have enabled instructors and researchers to analyze English linguistic features written by Japanese EFL learners. For example, Mizusawa (2015) referred to the Japanese EFL learner Corpus, a collection of junior high and high school students' English essays, to investigate the linguistic features, such as lexical density, grammatical intricacy, and semantic variations framed by systemic functional linguistics (SFL). This paper aimed to examine English academic writings written by 38 Japanese university students. Their writings were analyzed in terms of lexical density and semantic features within the SFL frameworks. The results highlighted that the critical limitation in Japanese university students' writing skills suggested teaching students the lexicogrammatical differences between written and spoken modes of the English language.
(Title: The Uniqueness of The Early Childhood Education System in Japan) This study is entitled the uniqueness of the early childhood education system in Japan. The main objective of this research is to find out about some of the uniqueness of the early childhood education system in Japan that is different from other countries. This research is a type of literature study that only relies on data from written sources such as books, journals, articles, and others. Data collection methods used in this study include classification, analysis, interpretation of synthesis and description. From the results of the study, in general, it can be described that the early childhood education system in Japan has much uniqueness. From the results of the study, in general, it can be described that the early childhood education system in Japan has much uniqueness. This uniqueness can be seen in the activities of the beginning of the new school year and how to enter kindergarten, at the entrance ceremony for new students, when doing daily activities in class, when additional activities outside the classroom and when organizing traditional Japanese cultural activities.
Books and education are, we believe, the elements of an equation that permanently provokes the world, the attempt of which gives birth to the winning bet of a nation. And research, in this equation, enhances the sensitive human being, expanding its register of senses and thinking to unexpected shades.
Issue 3 of 2010 of the journal Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai. Philology marked the establishment of the Department of Asian Languages and Literatures, with the three specializations: Chinese Language and Literature, Korean Language and Literature, Japanese Language and Literature. We expressed then the hope that diversification, enrichment of the educational offer within the Faculty of Letters, Babeş-Bolyai University, would mean a good future for our department. A fact evidenced by the ten years that have passed and by the increasing number of students enrolled in the department's specializations, the proposed bachelor's degree curriculum trying to transform the fascination of young people for the Far East into knowledge and expertise. Also, in collaboration with the Confucius Institute, the Korean Cultural Center and the Sembazuru Japanese Studies Center, the Department of Asian Languages and Literatures completes the analytical program of specializations organizing both cultural and scientific events, but also initiating actions to expand and strengthen relations with universities or various organizations in China, South Korea and Japan.
This paper is based on studying the differences and similarities in the form, structure, and usage of past sentences futsuugo-ngoko lugu in Japanese and Javanese. The study combines a qualitative and sociolinguistically informed comparative method. The data were taken from different sources, namely Shin Suikodenand Jin (a Japanese novel and play respectively), Ketoprak Wiswakarman (a traditional Javanese play), and Panjebar Semangat (a Javanese magazine), and were then analyzed from a contrastive linguistic perspective. Theories on Japanese and Javanese descriptive sentences, namely those of Ishii,[1] Masuoka,[2] Poedjosoedarmo,[3] Sasangka,[4] and Wedhawati,[5] were used. Besides, Djadjasudarma and Citraresmana [6] descriptive-qualitative method, Sanada’s,[7] concept of Sociolinguistics, as well as Tarigan’s,[8] Ishiwata and Takahashi’s,[9] theories of contrastive linguistics were also consulted. The study aimed to describe the differences and similarities in the forms, structures, and usage of past sentences futsuugo-ngoko lugu in Japanese and Javanese based on the dialogues' data. The study concludes that the addressers and addressees' speech levels in the Japanese conversations are those of futsuugo and ngoko lugu, which are comparable in the Javanese.
This paper focuses on the study and teaching strategy of Japanese conversation. The goal of the paper is to analyze the motivation of the students learning experience through CM as a media source of the study, which can lead students to enhance their level of proficiency. The study used a qualitative method of the case study Japanese conversation lecture. Conversation lectures are usually done by memorizing text or role-play using existing text. The idea of this study is similar to role-play but, through CM students can learn pronunciation, articulation, and intonation from the native (actor) directly. This study represents the first stage of a research project aimed at raising student confidence and enhancing Japanese fluencies. The major finding was that a clear majority of students reported a considerably high motivation according to the use of terms ‘tanoshikatta’ and ‘omoshiroi’ on their feedback. It says that students were interested to do the assessment.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to explore university students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of recognizing Japanese Kanji characters by using mnemonic strategies and of understanding Kanji’s meanings. Fifty Indonesian university students majoring in Japanese Language Education participated in this study. Data were collected through an online questionnaire survey and an in-depth interview with Japanese as a foreign language (JFL) students. Drawing on the analysis of questionnaire and interview data, students reported that the use of mnemonic strategies successfully enhanced their comprehension of Japanese Kanji characters lexically and semantically. The findings also showed that the mnemonic strategy was so applicable that students could recognize Japanese Kanji characters. The use of technology also mediated the adoption of the mnemonic strategy. Thus, the implication of the study is that by using different mnemonic strategies along with the use of technology, Japanese teachers could teach Japanese Kanji characters to students whose writing systems background is other than Latin/Roman alphabet systems.
Special aspects of education, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
There is a large body of literature on the subject of note-taking in the field of consecutive interpreting (CI). However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the validity of note-taking during short CI. For one thing, note-taking can divert an interpreter’s attention from listening, often to the detriment of analysis. This research empirically studied the effects of intensive interpreting treatment administered to Japanese university students. It then investigated the validity of note-taking for new learners by examining their CI with or without note status, according to language direction from L2 (English) to L1 (Japanese), and vice versa. The results showed a salient link between the treatment’s efficacy and the frequency of its administration but did not validate note-taking’s usefulness in CI for student interpreters. To further ascertain the validity of notation, CI was also analyzed according to sequentially presented paragraphs.
Advertising is a form of communication that discloses information or messages and promotes the speaker's intent to his or her opponent. The language used in advertising is a language that is easy to understand and persuasive so that the opponent can speak as the speaker means. From advertisements in magazines, used for student learning in Dokkai 5. Dokkai or reading is a very important course for students to welcome the office work normally done by Japanese language graduates. In the office when working related Japanese often read documents and translate documents. In this research, using advertising media because it is usually written in large and striking letters.
To make the reading japanese learning more interesting Therefore, they needs to be approach that has never been done before with reading japanese advertisement from japanese magazine. Reading Japanese language is usually difficult because it consists of three figures namely Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji. So that become easier for students to reading through the selected advertising media.
This research is qualitative descriptive, and object of our study are students learning Japanese Language Education and Japanese Literature Brawijaya University who have passed JLPT N3 and already received materials about Dokkai 3 and Dokkai 4. Techniques data by purposive sampling and random sampling by using random numbers as much as 10% of the total population. In addition the results of this study will also describe motivation for students to improve their ability of reading. Therefore 指導 ポ イ ン ト (teaching points) as an effort to help the lecture to explain and possibility to use teach for higher education.
The endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) method was first developed by Japan's Dr. Souji Konno in 1962. Since then, this technique has been used worldwide in clinical cardiology for the recognition and diagnosis of cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, and other heart conditions. Many studies relating to the EMB have been published at the global level, including a large review by Cooper, et al.,1) wherein a limited selection of Japanese papers were cited despite considerable pioneering work on the EMB having been done in Japan. Following this, the Cardiac Biopsy Conference (CABIC) organization, which was founded in Japan in 1979, conducted a nationwide survey of the English language literature on the EMB. Among the collection of 500 studies compiled, approximately 40 abstracts have been selected by the co-editors in CABIC for further discussion. This report aims to supplement Cooper's work and bring to light other prominent contributions of Japanese researchers on the EMB.
Ri Kaisei, who was the first Akutagawa Prize winner as a writer of foreign citizenship, started his career with the novel named “Mata Hutatabt no Michi” in 1969. This novel also won the Gunzo Prize for New Writers, however, scholars have not paid much attention to this novel compared with the Akutagawa Prize novel, “Kinuta Wo Utsu Onnna.” Interestingly, if we consider this novel in the process of his adaptation to the Japanese major readership from his literature activity in the Korean minority group in the mid 1960's, we can shed a new light to the novel. In fact, he began his career as a novelist with the short novel "Sono Zenya,” and wrote two other short novels at least before “Mata Hutatabt no Michi. In this novel, he newly described the exotic scenes of Sakhalin where he was born and brought in his youth, taking the Japanese readers' interest to abroad at that time. Additionally, he mentioned the Korean refugees in Sakhalin through his novel, which arose the Japanese readers retrospective emotion and collective memory of return from Asian Countries after World Warn. In this way, his strategy led his success and brilliant debut in the Japanese literature society.
The purpose of this study is to explore various ways and benefits of using the manga humor in Japanese language learning and research. The manga used in this study is comic strip manga humor. The study was conducted by giving the task to the students to read and observe one manga story. The students were asked to explain the characters of manga and to explain the language phenomena contained in the manga story. The results of the observations on the manga were then discussed in the classroom to determine what language phenomena can be learned from the manga and how to learn them. The results of this study found that in the manga humor there are many interesting things that can be learned. Manga can also be used as effective learning media and to generate interest and motivation of learners, both in Japanese learning and Japanese language research. In terms of language learning, manga humor can be an interactive medium that can improve the four language skills and in learning Japanese language research, manga humor play an important role in bringing the idea and provide an overview of how research on Japanese language is done by looking at the linguistic phenomena that exist in the manga.