MANY who are interested in the progress of logical science have looked forward to the appearance of this long-expected work as one likely to give them a logical treat. They will not be disappointed. It may be impossible to accept Mr. Venn's opinions as decisive of some points which he discusses, and it would not be difficult to indicate deficiencies; but we have no book which approaches the one before us in the thoroughness with which it opens up the logical questions of the day. With equal industry and ability Mr. Venn has gone over almost the whole literature of logic so far as it contains any germs of the scientific system associated with the name of Boole. Mr. Venn writes professedly as an admirer of Boole, and his work consists to a great extent of the matter of lectures upon Boole's logic, delivered under the inter-collegiate scheme of lecturing, which has now been in operation for about twelve years at Cambridge. Thus the book is substantially an exposition of Boole's Logic, and practically the only one which we have. Boole's own great work, “The Laws of Thought,” appeared more than a quarter of a century ago (1854), and has never reached a second edition. It has been much more talked about than read.Symbolic Logic.By John Venn, Fellow and Lecturer in the Moral Sciences, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Pp. xxxix. 446. (London: Macmillan, 1881.)
Relations between human beings and non-human fauna have assumed increasing centrality in contemporary legal and political agendas, driven by the intensification of global ecological crises, the accelerated loss of biodiversity and the expansion of ethical debates concerning the protection of sentient beings. In this context, this article undertakes a comparative analysis of the normative models and public policies aimed at the protection of fauna and nature developed in South America and in the European Union, seeking to identify convergences, divergences and structural limits within these experiences. The study adopts a functional comparative law approach, combining normative, jurisprudential and institutional analysis. On the one hand, it examines the consolidation, within the European Union, of a highly institutionalised regulatory model centred on animal welfare and the legal recognition of animal sentience, structured through supranational legislation and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. On the other hand, it analyses the emergence, in South American countries, of constitutional and jurisprudential innovations incorporating ecocentric perspectives, particularly through the recognition of the rights of nature and the expansion of legal protection for fauna as an integral component of ecological systems. The findings indicate that, although the European model presents greater normative uniformity and institutional capacity for implementation, it remains constrained by a predominantly instrumental and anthropocentric logic. By contrast, South American experiences offer significant conceptual advances by extending legal protection beyond the human sphere yet face substantial challenges of practical effectiveness. It is concluded that these distinct normative trajectories may be understood as complementary in the construction of more coherent and effective public policies capable of addressing contemporary global socio-environmental challenges.
Soraia Marino, José Cabezas, Rui Alexandre Castanho
et al.
Abstract The internationalization of higher education has become a central theme in academic research, with business schools playing a pivotal role in shaping global management education. This study examines internationalization processes at the master’s level, emphasizing how sustainability reshapes these trajectories. A systematic bibliometric review of 178 SCOPUS-indexed articles published between 2013 and 2024 was conducted. Keywords were derived from international accreditation standards for business schools, and the final sample was constructed using Boolean logic. The analysis identifies key trends, determinants, and challenges in globalizing business schools. Results reveal that internationalization is strongly associated with student mobility—both physical and virtual—yet important gaps persist between sustainability objectives and lifelong learning within master’s curricula. Although internationalization efforts have expanded considerably, the explicit integration of sustainability into curricula and strategic practices remains limited. To address this gap, the study proposes a prospective framework for operationalizing and measuring the sustainable development goals (SDG) within business school practices, informed by good practices identified in the literature. Moreover, the findings highlight the importance of international accreditation standards explicitly incorporating the 2030 Agenda. By aligning global expansion strategies with sustainability imperatives, the study offers valuable insights for policymakers, accreditation bodies, and academic leaders seeking to advance sustainable internationalization.
This study investigates the feasibility of Daily Load-Follow Operation (DLFO) for the Autonomous Transportable On-demand Reactor Module (ATOM), a Soluble Boron-Free (SBF) small modular reactor (SMR). The ATOM core was selected as a reference model due to its adoption of key SBF-compatible design features, including Centrally-Shielded Burnable Absorbers (CSBAs)—burnable absorbers with controlled self-shielding—and a Truly-Optimized Pressurized Water Reactor (TOP) lattice, which employs enhanced moderation to ensure favorable neutron economy and temperature feedback. Together, these features provide stable excess reactivity and favorable Moderator Temperature Coefficient (MTC) characteristics across the reactor cycle. To enable effective reactivity and axial power distribution control in such an environment, the Mode-Y control logic was applied. Mode-Y is a newly developed control strategy that relies solely on Control Element Assembly (CEA) movements and allow independent insertion of gray banks by eliminating conventional overlap constraints. A challenging DLFO scenario was simulated at three representative burnup conditions—Beginning-of-Cycle (BOC), Middle-of-Cycle (MOC), and approximately 90% End-of-Cycle (EOC)—to evaluate the performance of Mode-Y control logic. The scenario involved rapid power ramps with 50%p changes within 3 h, followed by irregular hold periods, to test the control logic under highly dynamic conditions. The analysis employed a conventional two-step approach: multigroup cross-sections were generated using the SERPENT2 Monte Carlo code with ENDF/B-VII.1 library, and whole-core transient simulations were performed using KANT nodal diffusion code. Results confirm accurate power tracking, stable Axial Shape Index (ASI) control, acceptable coolant temperature management, and sufficient nodal and pin-wise power peaking margins throughout all burnup stages.
This paper critiques the artificial intelligence (AI) framework as a self-referential system that relates parts to wholes without genuine creativity. Emotions—understood as forms of politics—emerge when top-down commands override local processes, a phenomenon absent in AI. Building on Bateson’s notion of the “play bite,” we propose Natural Born Intelligence (NBI): a system that simultaneously accepts and negates binary oppositions through positive and negative antinomies, thus opening itself to the “outside” beyond logical dualities. Found in brains, societies, and even chemical systems, NBI can be formalized through quantum logic and coherence across Hilbert spaces, offering a novel model of intelligence grounded in openness and emergence.
How far can we go to establish a parallel between Brouwer’s intuitionism and Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology, especially when the latter deals with logic and mathematics? Positions on this question are diverse and sometimes quite divergent. For example, Mark van Atten considers that both advocate a reform of mathematics based on the inversion of the priority of logic over mathematics while Cavaillès considers that Husserl’s philosophy of mathematics is close to Hilbert and not to Brouwer. Where does the truth lie? We attempt to clarify the question by contrasting the notion of giving intuition as understood by Brouwer (in a Kantian framework referring to human finitude) and by Husserl (in a non-Copernican framework, freed from any reference to finitude and to the requirement of psychic effectuability of acts); by showing that, for Brouwer, intuition is tied to the conditions of the temporality of consciousness and to constructivist requirements, but not for Husserl, who admits a mutability of the forms of categorial fulfillment; then by showing that the Husserlian critique of the excluded middle and of decidability does not tend towards a reform of mathematics in the same way as Brouwer. It is instead viewed as a conservative critique aiming to reveal and understand the idealizing presuppositions that are necessary for mathematical practice. At stake in this clarification is the idea of the mutability, extensibility and historicity of intuition.
Bart Bogaerts, Angelos Charalambidis, Giannos Chatziagapis
et al.
We propose a stable model semantics for higher-order logic programs. Our semantics is developed using Approximation Fixpoint Theory (AFT), a powerful formalism that has successfully been used to give meaning to diverse non-monotonic formalisms. The proposed semantics generalizes the classical two-valued stable model semantics of (Gelfond and Lifschitz 1988) as-well-as the three-valued one of (Przymusinski 1990), retaining their desirable properties. Due to the use of AFT, we also get for free alternative semantics for higher-order logic programs, namely supported model, Kripke-Kleene, and well-founded. Additionally, we define a broad class of stratified higher-order logic programs and demonstrate that they have a unique two-valued higher-order stable model which coincides with the well-founded semantics of such programs. We provide a number of examples in different application domains, which demonstrate that higher-order logic programming under the stable model semantics is a powerful and versatile formalism, which can potentially form the basis of novel ASP systems.
Anton Romanov, Nadezhda Yarushkina, Alexey Filippov
et al.
Repositories of source code and their hosting platforms are important data sources for software project development and management processes. These sources allow for the extraction of historical data points for the product development process evaluation. Extracted data points reflect the previous development experience and allow future planning and active development tracking. The aim of this research is to create a predictive approach to control software development based on a time series extracted from repositories and hosting platforms. This article describes the method of extracting parameters from repositories, the approach to creating time series models and forecasting their behavior. Also, the article represents the proposed approach for software project analyses based on fuzzy logic principles. The novelty of this approach is the ability to perform an expert evaluation of different stages of software product development based on the forecasted values of interested parameters and a fuzzy rule base.
We experimentally demonstrate the intensity and angle control of interference image during all-optical logic (AOL) gate carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) in a hot atomic ensemble. The variation of output signal intensity has been discovered by changing the detuning of input field. By changing the angle of reference light, we can also get obvious output signal modulation effects. Moreover, the transition of the interference pattern from parallel shape to spiral shape by changing the small angle is observed. This novel method of controlling AOL gate carrying OAM will further promoting the construction of all-optical networks with atomic ensembles.
Neoliberal reason is often defended for its supposed radical individualism. While critics of neoliberalism are right to problematise the atomising effects of this sort of individualism, an immanent critique of neoliberalism helps us to see that this atomisation does not necessarily lead to the development of individuality. That is, I will suggest that neoliberal individualism does not make room for individuality at all. I will focus on the neoliberal tendency to constrain human activity to the ends of the firm and argue that because of this, neoliberal reason cannot create the conditions for subjects to act on their potentiality. Rather than allowing for individuality, I will suggest that the neoliberal proliferation of the logic of the firm has an effect that is instead massifying. Horkheimer and Adorno’s critique of capitalism in their chapter on the culture industry helps us to understand and critique capitalist massification by offering the notion of pseudoindividuation. I will argue that the massification of people occurs when they are subjected to some end outside themselves, such as participation in the maximisation of capital. When we turn to a discussion on neoliberal reason, drawing on Foucault and Brown, we are interested in how a kind of capitalist logic comes to dominate every aspect of our lives. While the concepts seem to be at odds with one another, I will read Foucault and Brown to suggest that neoliberalism is both atomising and massifying. That is, the neoliberal goal of maximising capital puts subjects in competition with one another while simultaneously subjecting them all to the same end outside of themselves. Yet, capital maximisation is not a substantive end in itself, since capital is, by definition, only a means to some other end. Neoliberal reason thus leaves subjects in a state of discontent that is brought about by the constant striving toward a goal which can never be met – more capital can always be had. Capital, by definition, cannot be understood as an end, but can only be understood as a means. That is, the neoliberal subject is not only socially alienated (atomised) but is also constrained in the potentiality for participating its own ends, and thus has no real opportunities for individuality.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Political science
We develop a classical propositional logic for reasoning about combinatory logic. We define its syntax, axiomatic system and semantics. The syntax and axiomatic system are presented based on classical propositional logic, with typed combinatory terms as basic propositions, along with the semantics based on applicative structures extended with special elements corresponding to primitive combinators. Both the equational theory of untyped combinatory logic and the proposed axiomatic system are proved to be sound and complete w.r.t. the given semantics. In addition, we prove that combinatory logic is sound and complete w.r.t. the given semantics.