El texto presenta tres motivos que fueron registrados y transmitidos por periodistas mexicanos en viajes a la China comunista. Enclavados en una época en donde el relato escrito jugaba un papel central en la trasmisión de experiencias, los periodistas-viajeros, es decir, aquellos que lograban ser testigos de un conjunto de acontecimientos singulares, solían dejar registro de lo que veían y oían. Los distintos periodistas-viajeros que atravesaron el mundo para conocer de cerca la experiencia de la revolución china, encontraron un proceso de modernización en marcha. El texto abordará las implicaciones de la forma en que relataron ese proceso de modernización considerando la concepción del tiempo a partir de la idea del “viento del este” y el papel del voluntarismo en el dominio de la naturaleza.
This research explores the use of History to enhance education in the field of ICT For Sustainability ICT4S in response to a challenge from the ICT4S 2023 conference. No previous studies were found in ICT4S but the literature on History and Education for Sustainable Development is reviewed. An ICT4S lecturer collaborated with History lecturers to add an historic parallel to each weeks teaching on a Sustainable Business and Computing unit for final year undergraduate BSc Business Computing students. A list of the topics and rationale is provided. Student perceptions were surveyed before and after the teaching and semi-structured interviews carried out. A majority of students saw relevance to their degree and career. There was an increase in the proportion of students with interest in History. The paper explores the lessons learned from the interdisciplinary collaboration, including topic choice, format and perceived value. The project has enhanced the way we approach our subjects as computing and history educators. We believe this is the first empirical, survey-based study of the use of history to enhance ICT4S education. The team will extend the research to a larger unit covering a wider range of computing degrees.
Este estudo procurou as mulheres nas suas relações contratuais com uma Câmara Municipal e uma Universidade durante a Época Moderna, propósito que, segundo creio, se intenta pela primeira vez. Depois de se terem clarificado os direitos e restrições legais das mulheres portuguesas da época, percorreram-se os contratos notariais celebrados por essas instituições sediadas em Coimbra. Comprovou-se que todas as tipologias das receitas camarárias e universitárias auferiam do trabalho das mulheres, que também atuaram no âmbito da ação governativa concelhia como arrematantes e administradoras de cobrança de rendas camarárias, licitadoras em hasta pública do fornecimento de bens e serviços à cidade (com e sem monopólio) e fiscalizadoras das vendagens. A administração da Universidade também usufruiu do seu trabalho na cobrança de rendas e na vigilância das vendas na sua feira privilegiada. Sendo impossível que Coimbra constituísse caso único, conclui-se que, embora poucas, as mulheres estiveram presentes na administração local de Antigo Regime, sobretudo na vertente do abastecimento público, que era, na verdade, a principal preocupação das autoridades concelhias. A abolição dos ofícios públicos de propriedade e, sobretudo, a extinção do recurso aos rendeiros/contratadores confinou as mulheres, nessas instituições, às funções humílimas de limpezas, carretos de água e outras do género.
Danielle de Brito Silva, Paula Jofré, Patricia B. Tissera
et al.
Phylogenetic methods have long been used in biology, and more recently have been extended to other fields - for example, linguistics and technology - to study evolutionary histories. Galaxies also have an evolutionary history, and fall within this broad phylogenetic framework. Under the hypothesis that chemical abundances can be used as a proxy for interstellar medium's DNA, phylogenetic methods allow us to reconstruct hierarchical similarities and differences among stars - essentially a tree of evolutionary relationships and thus history. In this work, we apply phylogenetic methods to a simulated disc galaxy obtained with a chemo-dynamical code to test the approach. We found that at least 100 stellar particles are required to reliably portray the evolutionary history of a selected stellar population in this simulation, and that the overall evolutionary history is reliably preserved when the typical uncertainties in the chemical abundances are smaller than 0.08 dex. The results show that the shape of the trees are strongly affected by the age-metallicity relation, as well as the star formation history of the galaxy. We found that regions with low star formation rates produce shorter trees than regions with high star formation rates. Our analysis demonstrates that phylogenetic methods can shed light on the process of galaxy evolution.
Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa sobre as investidas, por parte de movimentos de luta antirracista, na reeducação da sociedade portuguesa para as relações étnico-raciais, através da produção de disputas narrativas sobre história, cultura e identidade, em Portugal. Como fontes para a análise, utilizaremos principalmente artigos e manifestos produzidos por militantes negros e publicados na imprensa portuguesa entre 2016 e 2019, momento em que ganha força uma importante discussão a esse respeito, envolvendo a criação de dois equipamentos culturais: o Museu das Descobertas e um memorial em homenagem às pessoas escravizadas.
Vishal Sunder, Samuel Thomas, Hong-Kwang J. Kuo
et al.
Dialog history plays an important role in spoken language understanding (SLU) performance in a dialog system. For end-to-end (E2E) SLU, previous work has used dialog history in text form, which makes the model dependent on a cascaded automatic speech recognizer (ASR). This rescinds the benefits of an E2E system which is intended to be compact and robust to ASR errors. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical conversation model that is capable of directly using dialog history in speech form, making it fully E2E. We also distill semantic knowledge from the available gold conversation transcripts by jointly training a similar text-based conversation model with an explicit tying of acoustic and semantic embeddings. We also propose a novel technique that we call DropFrame to deal with the long training time incurred by adding dialog history in an E2E manner. On the HarperValleyBank dialog dataset, our E2E history integration outperforms a history independent baseline by 7.7% absolute F1 score on the task of dialog action recognition. Our model performs competitively with the state-of-the-art history based cascaded baseline, but uses 48% fewer parameters. In the absence of gold transcripts to fine-tune an ASR model, our model outperforms this baseline by a significant margin of 10% absolute F1 score.
Saeid Alirezazadeh, Saeid Alirezazadeh, Paulo A. V. Borges
et al.
Ecology, biogeography and conservation biology, among other disciplines, often rely on species identity, distribution and abundance to perceive and explain patterns in space and time. Yet, species are not independent units in the way they interact with their environment. Species often perform similar roles in networks and their ecosystems, and at least partial redundancy or difference of roles might explain co-existence, competitive exclusion or other patterns reflected at the community level. Therefore, considering species traits, that is, the organisms’ functional properties that interact with the environment, might be of utmost importance in the study of species relative abundances. Several descriptive measures of diversity, such as the species-area relationship (SAR) and the species abundance distribution (SAD), have been used extensively to characterize the communities and as a possible window to gain insight into underlying processes shaping and maintaining biodiversity. However, if the role of species in a community is better assessed by their functional attributes, then one should also study the SAR and the SAD by using trait-based approaches, and not only taxonomic species. Here we merged species according to their similarity in a number of traits, creating functional units, and used these new units to study the equivalent patterns of the SAR and of the SAD (functional units abundance distributions - FUADs), with emphasis on their spatial scaling characteristics. This idea was tested using data on arthropods collected in Terceira island, in the Azorean archipelago. Our results showed that diversity scales differently depending on whether we use species or functional units. If what determines species communities’ dynamics is their functional diversity, then our results suggest that we may need to revaluate the commonly assumed patterns of species diversity and, concomitantly, the role of the underlying processes.
No-go theorems have played an important role in the development and assessment of scientific theories. They have stopped whole research programs and have given rise to strong ontological commitments. Given the importance they obviously have had in physics and philosophy of physics and the huge amount of literature on the consequences of specific no-go theorems, there has been relatively little attention to the more abstract assessment of no-go theorems as a tool in theory development. We will here provide this abstract assessment of no-go theorems and conclude that the methodological implications one may draw from no-go theorems are in disagreement with the implications that have often been drawn from them in the history of science.
Partindo das páginas de culinária incluídas em O Jornal da Mulher, procura analisar-se a relevância dos conselhos de economia doméstica e das receitas de cozinha fornecidas às leitoras ao longo das três décadas em que a revista foi publicada. Tenta igualmente perceber-se constantes e diferenças na área dos saberes práticos imbuídos de considerações moralizadoras.
Visual Dialog involves "understanding" the dialog history (what has been discussed previously) and the current question (what is asked), in addition to grounding information in the image, to generate the correct response. In this paper, we show that co-attention models which explicitly encode dialog history outperform models that don't, achieving state-of-the-art performance (72 % NDCG on val set). However, we also expose shortcomings of the crowd-sourcing dataset collection procedure by showing that history is indeed only required for a small amount of the data and that the current evaluation metric encourages generic replies. To that end, we propose a challenging subset (VisDialConv) of the VisDial val set and provide a benchmark of 63% NDCG.
Context. NGC 2682 is a nearby open cluster that is approximately 3.5 Gyr old. Dynamically, most open clusters are expected to dissolve on shorter timescales of ≈1 Gyr. That it has survived until now means that NGC 2682 was likely much more massive in the past and is bound to have an interesting dynamical history. Aims. We investigate the spatial distribution of the stars in NGC 2682 to constrain dynamical evolution of the cluster. We particularly focus on the marginally bound stars in the cluster outskirts. Methods. We used Gaia DR2 data to identify NGC 2682 members up to a distance of ∼150 pc (10°). The two methods Clusterix and UPMASK were applied to this end. We estimated distances to obtain 3D stellar positions using a Bayesian approach to parallax inversion, with an appropriate prior for star clusters. We calculated the orbit of NGC 2682 using the GRAVPOT16 software. Results. The cluster extends up to 200′ (50 pc), which implies that its size is at least twice as large as previously believed. This exceeds the cluster Hill sphere based on the Galactic potential at the distance of NGC 2682. Conclusion. The extra-tidal stars in NGC 2682 may originate from external perturbations such as disc-shocking or dynamical evaporation from two-body relaxation. The former origin is plausible given the orbit of NGC 2682, which crossed the Galactic disc ≈40 Myr ago.
Ivar R. Hannikainen, Edouard Machery, David Rose
et al.
Philosophers have long debated whether, if determinism is true, we should hold people morally responsible for their actions since in a deterministic universe, people are arguably not the ultimate source of their actions nor could they have done otherwise if initial conditions and the laws of nature are held fixed. To reveal how non-philosophers ordinarily reason about the conditions for free will, we conducted a cross-cultural and cross-linguistic survey (N = 5,268) spanning twenty countries and sixteen languages. Overall, participants tended to ascribe moral responsibility whether the perpetrator lacked sourcehood or alternate possibilities. However, for American, European, and Middle Eastern participants, being the ultimate source of one’s actions promoted perceptions of free will and control as well as ascriptions of blame and punishment. By contrast, being the source of one’s actions was not particularly salient to Asian participants. Finally, across cultures, participants exhibiting greater cognitive reflection were more likely to view free will as incompatible with causal determinism. We discuss these findings in light of documented cultural differences in the tendency toward dispositional versus situational attributions.
In this historic Lomonosov conference on the occasion of 150 year anniversary of the Mendeleev's periodic table, I present the history of neutrino magnetic moment. It was first thought by Wolfgang Pauli and its magnitude was calculated during the gauge theory era.