This article examines how the processes of gentrification and touristification associated with the globalization of Madrid's economy have increased the existing socio-spatial inequalities in the city. Focusing on Lavapiés neighborhood, which is one of the most iconic historical neighborhoods of the Spanish capital, this article presents a mixed methods research based on both data extraction from official sources and conducting 22 semi-structured interviews. Findings show how the interplay between gentrification and touristification in Lavapiés has reinforced the process of expulsion of neighbors while local institutions promoted the neighborhood as the most cosmopolitan in Madrid. The final part of the article concludes that Madrid has moved in recent years towards a dual city model where the interplay between the gentrification and touristification of the historic center is the main driver of the suburbanization of poverty in contemporary Madrid.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Abstract Background The profound influence of orthodontic treatments on facial aesthetics has been a topic of increasing interest. This study delves into the intricate interplay between orthodontic treatments, facial feature alterations, and aesthetic perceptions. Methods A total of 73 patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment were included in this study. Facial photographs were taken before and after treatment. Ten orthodontists provided facial aesthetic ratings (FAR) for each patient's frontal, profile, and overall views. 48 facial landmarks were manually placed by the orthodontists and normalized using Generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA). Two types of phenotypes were derived from facial landmarks. Global facial phenotypes were then extracted using principal component analysis (PCA). Additionally, 37 clinical features related to aesthetics and orthodontics were extracted. The association between facial features and changes in FAR after orthodontic treatment was determined using these two types of phenotypes. Results The FAR exhibited a high correlation among orthodontic experts, particularly in the profile view. The FAR increased after orthodontic treatment, especially in profile views. Extraction of premolars and orthognathic surgery were found to result in higher FAR change. For global facial phenotypes, the most noticeable changes in the frontal and profile views associated with FAR occurred in the lip area, characterized by inward retraction of the lips and slight chin protrusion in the profile view, as well as a decrease in lip height in the frontal view. The changes observed in the profile view were statistically more significant than those in the frontal view. These facial changes were consistent with the changes from orthodontic treatment. For clinical features, two profile features, namely pg.sm.hori and pg.n.ls, were found to be associated with FAR following orthodontic treatment. The highest FAR scores were achieved when pg.sm.hori was at 80° and pg.n.ls was at 8°. On the other hand, frontal clinical features had a subtle effect on FAR during orthodontic treatment. Conclusions This study demonstrated that orthodontic treatment improves facial aesthetics, particularly at lip aera in the profile view. Profile clinical features, such as pg.sm.hori and pg.n.ls, are essential in orthodontic treatment which could increase facial aesthetics.
Alfredo E. Hoyos, MD, Matt Stefanelli, MD, Mauricio E. Perez, MD
et al.
Background:. The aesthetics for the male posterior torso remain a topic not fully studied in body contouring surgery, neither the lipoinjection of its muscles have been considered before. As a result, we carried out a retrospective cohort study including patients who underwent fat grafting of either the trapezius or the latissimus dorsi muscles as part of dynamic definition liposculpture (HD2).
Methods:. We performed cadaveric dissections to support the fat grafting technique for both the trapezius and the latissimus dorsi muscles. We also searched our records for patients who underwent fat grafting of these muscles in addition to HD2 from January 2016 to November 2021 at a single center in Bogotá, Colombia.
Results:. Thirty-five consecutive patients met the inclusion criteria. In total, 22 (63%) and 7 (20%) of 35 underwent fat grafting at the trapezius and the latissimus dorsi muscles alone, respectively, and 6 out of 35 (17%) of both. Mean age is 39 years (range = 22–63). All patients were men. No complications were recorded related to fat grafting. Almost all patients were satisfied with the procedure (97%). Follow-up period ranged from 2 to 48 months.
Conclusions:. Liposuction might not be enough to achieve the ideal V-shape of the men’s back in some cases; hence, fat grafting of the power muscles becomes the best option. Recognition of the main neurovascular pedicle, proper preoperative markings, and a correct surgical technique ensure both the safety and the reproducibility of the technique.
The specifics of the functioning of the author’s mask in the novel by V.P. Aksenov “Burn”. The author’s mask is considered as a means of positioning the author in the text. The concepts of “author’, “narrator”, “author’s mask” were used for the analysis. For the first time, the phenomenon of the author's mask in the novel “The Burn” was subjected to a holistic study. As a result of the study, it was found that in the novel by V.P. Aksenov, thanks to the branched system of author’s masks, a complex and multidimensional narrative space is created. Through the mask as an image of a “possible other”, the prose writer comprehends the topics provocative for the aesthetics of late socialism: the relationship of the artist with the authorities, the homeland, the existence of a creative personality in a totalitarian state. The system of Apollinarievich’s author’s masks demonstrates not only the possible options for the personal fate of the “author of the real”, but also the behavioral strategy for the survival of a thinking and thinking intellectual within the framework of a totalitarian system. The author’s mask of Tolya von Steinbock is introduced by Aksenov into the novel in order to fully reflect his own “Magadan” childhood, to present a complex psychological self-portrait. The key means of creating author's masks are, firstly, numerous autobiographical parallels and correspondences generated by the total reflection of the prose writer about himself; secondly, steady transitions from the first person to the third and, on the contrary, confusing the reader and turning the text into an experimental space of a literary game. The research materials and general conclusions can be used in university courses in the history of Russian literature of the twentieth century, special courses and special seminars dedicated to the work of V. Aksenov. Since the author’s mask is becoming quite a common technique in postmodern literature, the methodology used is quite applicable to comprehend the prose of the 1990s–2000s, where there is a play with the author’s “voices” (V. Pelevin, V. Sorokin, A. Kabakov and others.).
Abstract. Darma Reservoir functions as a reservoir for irrigation, fisheries, and recreational and sports facilities. Currently, it only functions for irrigation and fish farming by floating net ponds. The development of floating net frameworks was so rapid that it conflicted with reservoir management. This study aims to determine the density of the floating net framework of the sedimentation conditions of the Darma Reservoir and to determine the development of the sedimentation rate of the Darma Reservoir in relation to the service life of the reservoir characterized by reduced dead storage. The first step was carried out by surveying the presence of the number of floating net cages, the distribution of the feed, the percentage of feed demand, the carrying capacity of the reservoir, then a topographic survey of the depth of the Darma reservoir to determine the capacity, rate and volume of sediment deposits. This study used quantitative approach, it began with distributing questionnaire forms and measuring the depth of the reservoir. The current condition of floating net cages is 4916 occupying 5.819% of the inundation area of 312.15 ha with an elevation of 712.50 m, while floating net cages are allowed according to the carrying capacity of Darma Reservoir waters amounting to 1,021. tons / harvest while the spawning pond is 3.483 tons/harvest. The volume of normal active storage for elevation 712.50 in 2020 is 28.086 million m3, while the volume of sediment deposits is 9.262 million m3 32.98%, the average sediment rate in the reservoir from 1988 to 2020 is 0.2894 million m3/year, while the sediment rate in catchment area Dam Dharma with an area of 23.5 km2 of 71.873 mm/year. Sedimentation in the Darma Reservoir has exceeded the limit of the base elevation of the reservoir, the elevation of the dead reservoir and the lowest elevation, but the reservoir is still functional. The planning life of the darma reservoir is up to 50 years, the suitability of the initial planning of operations in 1970 with operations until 2020.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Building construction
This article investigates the role of music in presidential election campaigns and political movements inspired by theoretical arguments in Henri Lefebvre’s Rhythmanalysis, John Dewey ́s pragmatist rethinking of aesthetics and existing scholarship on the politics of music. Specifically, it explores how musical rhythms and melodies enable new forms of political awareness, participation, and critique in an increasingly polarized Brazil through an ethnomusicological exploration of how left-wing and right-wing movements used music to disseminate politics during the 2018 election that culminated in the presidency of Jair Messias Bolsonaro. Three lessons can be learned. First, in Brazil, music breathes life, energy, and affective engagement into politics—sung arguments and joyful rhythms enrich public events and street demonstrations in complex and dynamic ways. Second, music is used by right-wing and left-wing movements in unique ways. For Bolsonaro supporters and right-wing movements, jingles, produced as part of larger election campaigns, were disseminated through massive sound cars in the heart of São Paulo while demonstrators sang the national anthem and waved Brazilian flags. In contrast, leftist musical politics appears to be more spontaneous and bohemian. Third, music has the ability to both humanize and popularize bolsonarismo movements that threaten human rights and the rights of ethnic minorities, among others, in contemporary Brazil. To contest bolsonarismo, Trumpism, and other forms of extreme right-wing populism, we cannot close our ears and listen only to grooves of resistance and songs of freedom performed by leftists. We must also listen to the music of the right.
Anika Stockert, Michael Schwartze, David Poeppel
et al.
The flexible and efficient adaptation to dynamic, rapid changes in the auditory environment likely involves generating and updating of internal models. Such models arguably exploit connections between the neocortex and the cerebellum, supporting proactive adaptation. Here, we tested whether temporo-cerebellar disconnection is associated with the processing of sound at short timescales. First, we identify lesion-specific deficits for the encoding of short timescale spectro-temporal non-speech and speech properties in patients with left posterior temporal cortex stroke. Second, using lesion-guided probabilistic tractography in healthy participants, we revealed bidirectional temporo-cerebellar connectivity with cerebellar dentate nuclei and crura I/II. These findings support the view that the encoding and modeling of rapidly modulated auditory spectro-temporal properties can rely on a temporo-cerebellar interface. We discuss these findings in view of the conjecture that proactive adaptation to a dynamic environment via internal models is a generalizable principle.
Clothing is one of the symbols of human civilisation. Clothing design is an art form that combines practicality and artistry. The Dunhuang clothes culture has a long history which represents ancient Chinese aesthetics. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been recently applied to multiple areas, which is also drawing increasing attention in fashion. However, little research has been done on the usage of AI for the creation of clothing, especially in traditional culture. It is challenging that the exploration of computer science and Dunhuang clothing design, which is a cross-history interaction between AI and Chinese classical culture. In this paper, we propose ClothGAN, which is an innovative framework for “designing” new patterns and styles of clothes based on generative adversarial network (GAN) and style transfer algorithm. Besides, we built the Dunhuang clothes dataset and conducted experiments to generate new patterns and styles of clothes with Dunhuang elements. We evaluated these clothing works generated from different models by computing inception score (IS), human prefer score (HPS) and generated score (IS and HPS). The results show that our framework outperformed others in these designing works.
Abstract The study examines omissions in the English version of Little Red Riding Hood in contrast to the Chinese one. The research is aimed at studying the linguistic effects of inculturation and the choice of translation strategies to convey a truthful intercultural component. The study examines the Little Red Riding Hood story by Leray (2011) translated into Englishand Chinese languages. The Chinese version of the story was edited and published by Green and Green (1953). The analysis of the translation in a cultural context is based on the omission strategy. The analysis of semantically redundant words and sentences in the English version of Little Red Riding Hood has been carried out in contrast to the Chinese one, where no omissions were found. The purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship between the versions of Little Red Riding Hood and the evolution of European and Chinese moral ideology. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that two translations are considered in the context of the Tehrani’s (2013) method using a phylogenetic approach and the strategy of omission to determine moral codes. As a result of a comparative analysis of the target translation, ten omissions were found: four brief descriptions and six complete omissions. The omission strategy reflected the cross-cultural and informative ideological features of the two cultures. Adhering to the phylogenetic concept by Tehrani, the target language of Little Red Riding Hood was identified as English because the Chinese version of the story was translated from English (Zhengzhong Bookstore, 1967). There are also some distinguishing characteristics of the initial collision: the characteristics of the protagonist, the characteristics of the villain, the methods of deceiving the future victim by the villain and the ending options. The folk European collision of the fairy tale originates from the story The Wolf and the Children. It is also found in Chinese culture—The Girl and the Tiger; however, it is described at the level of other concepts, which confirms the genetic relationship of intercultural conflict. The nature of the extended Chinese translation testifies to the flexible structure and aesthetics of the style, in which traditions and family values play an important role, while in the English version some elements of culture are omitted due to a different mentality and structure of the language. Chinese culture is characterized by respect for elders, a tribute to traditions, and respect for people who are higher in social status. Undoubtedly, greetings in the English language carry a similar semantic load, but due to the peculiarity of its grammatical structure, omitting or transferring a greeting during translation does not harm the context of communication. Thus, it has been revealed that folk tales are a joint imprint of different cultures. The linguistic progression makes them change and adopt new information in accordance with the mentality of the people. There are three clusters of autonomous versions of the fairy tale: far Eastern, African and European; all of them are based on one common ancestor that has not been yet identified.
Eglaísa Micheline Pontes Cunha, Rui Pedro Julião, Francisco Henrique Oliveira
O presente artigo resume o processo de evolução histórica da política urbana no Brasil e em Portugal, a partir dos principais aspectos do seu contexto político e respectivos marcos regulatórios. Pela análise empreendida foi possível constatar que ambos os países sofreram com o acelerado processo de urbanização ocorrido na segunda metade do século XX, com as transições e alternâncias entre os regimes conservadores e democráticos, mas possuem uma legislação urbanística nacional avançada e que prima pela eficácia na implementação de seus instrumentos urbanísticos. O desafio está na sua implementação e articulação com as demais políticas setoriais que, em sua maioria, seguem de forma independente e limitadas na sua vertente territorial, bem como no fomento de uma cultura coletiva político-administrativa territorial, envolvendo técnicos, gestores, comunidade profissional e cidadãos em geral para que conheçam e apliquem de forma adequada os instrumentos regulados.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Tooth agenesis is a common tooth number deficiency that occurs in the tooth-forming process or earlier period of tooth germ development and has a serious impact on the maxillofacial development, aesthetics and masticatory function of patients. According to the presence or absence of systemic symptoms, tooth agenesis can be divided into syndromic tooth agenesis and nonsyndromic tooth agenesis. In recent years, the discovery of new related genes, new mutation sites and related molecular mechanisms has become a major direction of gene research. This article will review the current research progress of the signaling pathways related to nonsyndromic tooth agenesis, such as the WNT/beta-catenin pathway, TGF-β/BMP pathway, PAX9, MSX1, and the EDA/EDAR/NF-κb pathway, and their molecular mechanisms. The interaction between Pax9 activating the Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/BMP pathways, MSX1 activating the TGF-β/BMP pathway, and Wnt activating the EDA/EDAR/NF-κb pathway was also found, which provides a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of tooth agenesis. The molecular mechanism of nonsyndromic tooth agenesis is rarely studied; thus, the exploration of its mechanism will become one of the main research directions in the future.
Like many of Wenders’ films, the book Una volta (Einmal. Bilder und Geschichten, 1994; Once: Pictures and Stories) is the result of a fruitful encounter between different arts. Wenders now takes on the role of photographer and narrator, while never completely abandoning the more usual role of director. The beginning of every short composition in Einmal, associated with one or more images, is the usual one of fairy tales. However, the word “once” that precedes as a title most of the compositions is not just an intertextual reference to the genre of children’s literature. It is more a sort of declaration of poetics, the choice of a specific stylistic register, as well as an attempt to adhere to a certain way of knowing and experiencing existence. It is the same way of knowing characteristic of children, says Wenders, connected—like the photographer’s shot—to the moment, without any care or regard for the past or the future. The stories that follow one another do not, at least not always, serve as captions for the images, nor do they necessarily offer the reader clarifications regarding the photographs placed next to them or the circumstances in which the they were shot. In this book Wenders works “spontaneously,” choosing for each shot the first story that “comes to his mind.” The point of connection between writing and image, as well as the fulcrum of the aesthetics of Wenders’ phototext, is undoubtedly the concept of Disposition (Einstellung), which is a privileged place of observation from which the photographer’s eye chooses to look, but also the narrative engine of the whole story, as well as, again, the centre from which the different threads of the story radiate and then return to converge. The object of my contribution will be precisely this idea of Einstellung, with the aim of highlighting its implications and potential.
This paper investigates some of the main problems concerning the normativity of aesthetic judgments in Kant’s Critique of Judgment. Kant’s attempt to provide a transcendental foundation to aesthetic judgments clashes with the impossibility to find a determined conceptual rule under which they could be subsumed. This paper aims to discuss and clarify the set of problems derived from this attempt, focusing especially on the artistic perspective. In order to do that, it will be necessary to deal with the following notions: eautonomy, sensus communis aestheticus and genius. From this analysis it will emerge the importance of exemplarity as concept that allow us to highlight some implicit and usually neglected aspects of Kant’s aesthetic theory.
The experience of having a name on the tip of one’s tongue is often considered as evidence either in favor of pure cognitive phenomenology or against it. Yet the question of what kind of experience it is, is barely addressed. My task is to address this preliminary question. After discussing some answers to this question, I argue in favor of a pluralist account of TOTs, according to which they are second order beliefs about our knowledge of words, perceptions or bodily feelings.
Abstract The claim defended in this chapter is that aesthetics is about experiences, so philosophy of perception is the natural place to turn if we want to engage with debates in aesthetics. This approach does not entail that all aesthetic phenomena are perceptual phenomena because philosophy of perception is about much more than just perception. Aesthetics is distinguished from philosophy of art, which has little to do with perception and experiences. This way of thinking about aesthetics can also avoid the complaints of the anti-aesthetics movements according to which aesthetics is either a narrow and somewhat irrelevant concept or so broad that everything would count as aesthetic. If we understand aesthetics in the light of philosophy of perception, we can avoid both of these potential problems.
Ganjali khan caravansary is the most invaluable structure in Safavid era.This complex can be considered as an art museum of Safavid era in Kerman. Façade of Ganjali khan caravansary shines as a pearl in this invaluablecomplex because of the tiling applied in the façade, including different decorations such as geometric, vegetative, human and symbolic motifs which has brought about a beautiful coordination visually and semantically. Due to analytic-descriptive results obtained from this study, it is followed that artists of façade structure could create a new and attractive composition by putting together different beautiful pictorial shapes and inscriptions all of which suggests a certain meaning. In addition to aesthetics, they attract souland thought of the spectator and they lead spectator’s mind beyond apparentmeaning. This meaning shows movement i.e. moving from material world toeternal one. The present article has been adjusted analytically anddescriptively with focus on field studies and it has done inferentially.
Management. Industrial management, Management of special enterprises
Background In 2012, a new anatomic breast implant of form-stable silicone gel was introduced onto the Korean market. The intended use of this implant is in the area of aesthetic breast surgery, and many reports are promising. Thus far, however, there have been no reports on the use of this implant for breast reconstruction in Korea. We used this breast implant in breast reconstruction surgery and report our early experience.
Methods From November 2012 to April 2013, the Natrelle Style 410 form-stable anatomically shaped cohesive silicone gel-filled breast implant was used in 31 breasts of 30 patients for implant breast reconstruction with an acellular dermal matrix. Patients were treated with skin-sparing mastectomies followed by immediate breast reconstruction.
Results The mean breast resection volume was 240 mL (range, 83-540 mL). The mean size of the breast implants was 217 mL (range, 125-395 mL). Breast shape outcomes were considered acceptable. Infection and skin thinning occurred in one patient each, and hematoma and seroma did not occur. Three cases of wound dehiscence occurred, one requiring surgical intervention, while the others healed with conservative treatment in one month. Rippling did not occur. So far, complications such as capsular contracture and malrotation of breast implant have not yet arisen.
Conclusions By using anatomic breast implants in breast reconstruction, we achieved satisfactory results with aesthetics better than those obtained with round breast implants. Therefore, we concluded that the anatomical implant is suitable for breast reconstruction.