Hasil untuk "physics.soc-ph"

C. Orchard, J. Kentish

Md Samsur Rahaman, Supriyo Dutta

In a network, the vertices with similar characteristics construct communities. The vertices in a community are well-connected. Detecting the communities in a network is a challenging and important problem in the theory of complex networks. One approach to solving this problem uses the classical random walks on graphs. In quantum computing, quantum walks are the quantum mechanical counterparts of classical random walks. In this article, we employ a variant of Szegedy's quantum walk to develop a procedure for discovering the communities in networks. The limiting probability distribution of quantum walks assists us in determining the inclusion of a vertex in a community. We apply our community detection procedure to a variety of graphs and social networks, including the relaxed caveman graph, $l$-partition graph, Karate club graph, and the dolphin's social network, among others.

Hannah Wakeling, Kristin Lohwasser, Peter Millington

Comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a tool to account for the full range of environmental impacts of resource use in commodities or services is a first step in reducing these impacts. There is an increasing necessity to account for these aspects in the planning, running and end-of-life of scientific experiments and research infrastructure. In the following, the concept for an Open Research Life Cycle Assessment (ORLCA) repository is presented to support this endeavour. It is designed to comply fully with the principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR).

Aleix Bassolas, Jordi Grau-Escolano, Julian Vicens

Bike Sharing Systems (BSSs) play a crucial role in promoting sustainable urban mobility by facilitating short-range trips and connecting with other transport modes. Traditionally, most BSS fleets have consisted of mechanical bikes (m-bikes), but electric bikes (e-bikes) are being progressively introduced due to their ability to cover longer distances and appeal to a wider range of users. However, the charging requirements of e-bikes often hinder their deployment and optimal functioning. This study examines the spatiotemporal variations in battery levels of Barcelona's BSS, revealing that bikes stationed near the city centre tend to have shorter rest periods and lower average battery levels. Additionally, to improve the management of e-bike fleets, a Markov-chain approach is developed to predict both bike availability and battery levels. This research offers a unique perspective on the dynamics of e-bike battery levels and provides a practical tool to overcome the main operational challenges in their implementation.

Misao Fukuda

The purpose of this study is to explore whether the relationship between bias and nudges can be mathematically expressed in terms of quantum information theory, particularly by means of individually customized nudges. Based on the value function of customer satisfaction, which is subject to uncertainty due to the subjectivity of customer evaluations, a model of bias and nudges is proposed that takes into account the environment for intangible goods. Then, by defining an index of nudges from the mathematical properties of the value function obtained from this economic model, a model could be expressed in this study that has a mathematical structure of the same nature as nudges expressed in standard economics, where welfare is impaired by bias from the mathematical structure of the gross social surplus derived as a social welfare function. Moreover, the mathematical structure of the gross social surplus can be made larger than that in standard economics, adding knowledge about the mathematical design of nudges as individually customized customer experiences. This increases the feasibility of the economic model based on quantum information theory and the mathematical design of customized nudges.

Marina Martinez Montero, Nuria Brede, Victor Couplet et al.

We propose to explore the sustainability of climate policies based on a novel commitment metric. This metric allows to quantify how future generations' scope of action is affected by short-term climate policy. In an example application, we show that following a moderate emission scenario like SSP2-4.5 could commit future generations to heavily rely on carbon dioxide removal or/and solar radiation modification to avoid unmanageable sea level rise.

Yasuko Kawahata

This paper delves into the history and integration of quantum theory into areas such as opinion dynamics, decision theory, and game theory, offering a novel framework for social simulations. It introduces a quantum perspective for analyzing information transfer and decision-making complexity within social systems, employing a toric code-based method for error discrimination.Central to this research is the use of toric codes, originally for quantum error correction, to detect and correct errors in social simulations, representing uncertainty in opinion formation and decision-making processes. Operator and error syndrome measurement, vital in quantum computation, help identify and analyze errors and uncertainty in social simulations. The paper also discusses fault-tolerant computation employing transversal gates, which protect against errors during quantum computation. In social simulations, transversal gates model protection from external interference and misinformation, enhancing the fidelity of decision-making and strategy formation processes.

John C. Barentine, Jessica Heim

This report first describes the status quo regarding the emerging deployment of very large groups of low-Earth-orbit satellites in the late 2010s, the concerns raised by the international astronomy community, and steps the community took to address the issue. We then describe the results of a series of four conferences held in 2020-21 that considered the impacts of large satellite constellations as it impacted a number of stakeholders, and how those outcomes resulted in the establishment of both the IAU Centre for the Protection of the Dark and Quiet Sky from Satellite Constellation Interference (IAU CPS) and its Community Engagement (CE) Hub. We finish with a brief description of CE Hub's initial plans and activities, flowing from the recommendations of those conferences.

S. Crockett, F. J. Freibert

The hydrodynamic response of materials under extreme conditions of pressure, temperature and strain is dependent on the equation of state of the matter in all its states of existence. The Trinity plutonium implosion device development required the Los Alamos research community to advance the understanding of equations of state further and faster than ever before. The unpredicted high yield from the Trinity fission device explosion and the push to design the "Super" thermonuclear device initiated 75 years of unprecedented research and technological progress in equation of state development. This article describes the progress made on equation of state development during and since the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos.

D. Nordstrom, C. Alpers

K. Ulbrich, V. Šubr

S. Angelos, Yingwei Yang, K. Patel et al.

A. Degen, M. Kosec

K. Straub, M. Benz, B. Schink

Lucas Böttcher, Mason A. Porter

Multilayer network analysis is a useful approach for studying the structural properties of entities with diverse, multitudinous relations. Classifying the importance of nodes and node-layer tuples is an important aspect of the study of multilayer networks. To do this, it is common to calculate various centrality measures, which allow one to rank nodes and node-layers according to a variety of structural features. In this paper, we formulate occupation, PageRank, betweenness, and closeness centralities in terms of node-occupation properties of different types of continuous-time classical and quantum random walks on multilayer networks. We apply our framework to a variety of synthetic and real-world multilayer networks, and we identify marked differences between classical and quantum centrality measures. Our computations also give insights into the correlations between certain random-walk-based and geodesic-path-based centralities.

P. Snee, R. C. Somers, Gautham P Nair et al.

O. Pokrovsky, J. Schott

Hannah Lomas, I. Cantón, S. MacNeil et al.

Eun Seong Lee, Zhong-gao Gao, Dongin Kim et al.

Ehsan Zahedinejad, Daniel Crawford, Clemens Adolphs et al.

Signed graphs serve as a primary tool for modelling social networks. They can represent relationships between individuals (i.e., nodes) with the use of signed edges. Finding communities in a signed graph is of great importance in many areas, for example, targeted advertisement. We propose an algorithm to detect multiple communities in a signed graph. Our method reduces the multi-community detection problem to a quadratic binary unconstrained optimization problem and uses state-of-the-art quantum or classical optimizers to find an optimal assignment of each individual to a specific community.