Tudor-Dan Mihoc, Manuela-Andreea Petrescu, Emilia-Loredana Pop
An investigation, from a gender perspective, of how students view the ethical implications and societal effects of artificial intelligence is conducted, examining concepts that could have a big influence on how artificial intelligence may be taught in the future. For this, we conducted a survey on a cohort of 230 second year computer science students to reveal their opinions. The results revealed that AI, from the students' perspective, will significantly impact daily life, particularly in areas such as medicine, education, or media. Men are more aware of potential changes in Computer Science, autonomous driving, image and video processing, and chatbot usage, while women mention more the impact on social media. Both men and women perceive potential threats in the same manner, with men more aware of war, AI controlled drones, terrain recognition, and information war. Women seem to have a stronger tendency towards ethical considerations and helping others.
Menstrual health education (MHE) in Pakistan is constrained by cultural taboos and inadequate formal curricula, leaving women with few trusted resources to lean on. In response to these challenges, we introduce a WhatsApp-based chatbot powered by a large language model (LLM) and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), co-designed with Pakistani college women. Workshops (N=30) revealed key design requirements -- support for Roman Urdu, use of subsidized platforms, and an expert -- curated knowledge base. We then deployed the chatbot with 13 participants for two weeks (403 messages and interviews). Women used it to challenge cultural taboos, legitimize health concerns often dismissed as normal, and build reproductive health knowledge through iterative questioning. Yet, interactions also exposed tensions: reliance on cultural explanatory models, questions of trust and validation, and gendered persona of the chatbot itself. We contribute empirical insights, a stigma-aware design framework for culturally sensitive conversational AI, and a methodological lens foregrounding expert validation in intimate health domains.
A Room of Own’s Own (1929) de Virginia Woolf reivindica que las mujeres necesitamos independencia económica y un espacio personal propio si queremos convertirnos en escritoras. El ensayo cuenta con varias traducciones al español. A la primera de Jorge Luis Borges (1935-36) —que ha sido criticada por intervencionismo en varias ocasiones—, le sucedieron las de Laura Pujol (1967), Edmundo Moure y Marisol Moreno (1993), María Milagros Rivera Garretas (2003) y Catalina Martínez Muñoz (2003). En los últimos tres años, se han publicado al menos otras cinco. Entre ellas se encuentra Un cuarto propio (2022), la versión de Itziar Hernández Rodilla. En este artículo examinamos si esta nueva traducción respeta la intención feminista de la autora.
We estimate the effect of playing in one's home country in professional squash using a Bayesian hierarchical model applied to men's and women's Professional Squash Association matches from 2018-2024. The model incorporates players' world rankings and whether they are competing in their home country. Using margin of victory in games as our outcome, we estimate that home advantage adds 0.4 games for men and 0.3 games for women to the expected margin, with standard errors of 0.1. For evenly matched players, this effect corresponds to an increase in win probability from 50% to roughly 58% for men and 56% for women. We estimate particularly strong home effects in Egypt, where many major tournaments are held, though data limitations prevent precise estimation of country-specific effects in many other nations.
The issue of gender bias in scientific publications has been a topic of ongoing debate. One aspect of this debate concerns whether women receive equal credit for their contributions compared to men. Conventional wisdom suggests that women are more likely to be acknowledged than listed as co-authors. In this study, we analyze data from over 20,000 authors and 60,000 acknowledged individuals across nine disciplines in open-access journals. Our results confirm persistent gender disparities: women are more frequently acknowledged than credited as co-authors, especially in roles involving investigation and analysis. To account for status and disciplinary effects, we examined collaboration pair composed of highly cited and less-cited scholars. In collaborations, highly cited scholars are more likely to be listed as an author regardless of gender. Notably, highly cited women in such pairs are even more likely to be co-authors than their men counterparts. Our findings suggest that power dynamics and perceived success heavily influence the distribution of credit in scientific publishing. These results underscore the role of status dynamics in shaping authorship and call for a more nuanced understanding of how gender, power, and recognition interact in scientific publishing. Our findings offer valuable insights for scholars, editors, and funding committed to advancing equity in science.
This article offers a critical rethinking of trauma-informed care (TIC) within prison systems, particularly in relation to incarcerated women. From a feminist and intersectional perspective, it questions whether genuine care is possible in institutions designed to punish, where imprisonment itself often perpetuates and exacerbates trauma. The high prevalence of mental health disorders among incarcerated women is deeply linked to histories of structural violence, poverty, racism, and institutional neglect. Traditional frameworks such as the importation and deprivation models fall short without a holistic understanding of these intersecting factors. Although some TIC programs have shown promise, their impact remains limited without systemic transformation. The prison, as a masculinized institution, fails to meet the specific needs of women and often reproduces harm under the guise of order. This article argues that true care in prison may be ethically contradictory if the punitive structure remains intact. Instead, it advocates for alternatives grounded in restorative justice, community care, and social repair. A meaningful TIC approach must go beyond individual interventions to demand a structural shift: fewer prisons, more social justice, and a redefinition of care as liberation rather than damage control. Justice, it contends, should heal, not manage suffering.
Activists, governmentsm and academics regularly advocate for more open data. But how is data made open, and for whom is it made useful and usable? In this paper, we investigate and describe the work of making eviction data open to tenant organizers. We do this through an ethnographic description of ongoing work with a local housing activist organization. This work combines observation, direct participation in data work, and creating media artifacts, specifically digital maps. Our interpretation is grounded in D'Ignazio and Klein's Data Feminism, emphasizing standpoint theory. Through our analysis and discussion, we highlight how shifting positionalities from data intermediaries to data accomplices affects the design of data sets and maps. We provide HCI scholars with three design implications when situating data for grassroots organizers: becoming a domain beginner, striving for data actionability, and evaluating our design artifacts by the social relations they sustain rather than just their technical efficacy.
The proliferation of internet technology has catalyzed the rapid development of digital finance, significantly impacting the optimization of resource allocation in China and exerting a substantial and enduring influence on the structure of employment and income distribution. This research utilizes data sourced from the Chinese General Social Survey and the Digital Financial Inclusion Index to scrutinize the influence of digital finance on the gender wage disparity in China. The findings reveal that digital finance reduces the gender wage gap, and this conclusion remains robust after addressing endogeneity problem using instrumental variable methods. Further analysis of the underlying mechanisms indicates that digital finance facilitates female entrepreneurship by lowering financing barriers, thereby promoting employment opportunities for women and also empowering them to negotiate higher wages. Specially, digital finance enhances women's bargaining power within domestic settings, therefore exerts a positive influence on the wages of women. Sub-sample regressions demonstrate that women from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, with lower human capital, benefit more from digital finance, underscoring its inclusive nature. This study provides policy evidence for empowering vulnerable groups to increase their wages and addressing the persistent issue of gender income disparity in the labor market.
Nathálya Chaves Dos Santos, Adolfo Gustavo Serra Seca Neto
On October 3, 2024, the "Emílias Podcast -- Women in Computing" celebrates its 5th anniversary, standing out as a platform that promotes the participation of women in STEM (an acronym for "science, technology, engineering, and mathematics"). The podcast aims to provide a space for women in computing and related fields to share their experiences and highlight the various opportunities in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The methodology included a feedback survey with interviewees, conducted via Google Forms, to assess their experience and determine whether they would recommend the podcast. In addition, we analyzed audience data, which showed consistent growth over the five years. The results revealed that 100% of the interviewees would recommend "Emílias Podcast," reflecting a high level of satisfaction with the project. The average participation experience rating was 4.7 on a scale of 1 to 5, highlighting positive aspects such as the quality of the script, the interview conduction, and the networking opportunities. The audience data also underscore the podcast's impact: with over 10,000 accumulated downloads and plays, it is primarily listened to by people aged 23 to 44, with 50.9% of the audience being female, demonstrating its relevance and reach. In conclusion, the feedback from interviewees and the audience data reinforce the podcast's positive impact and its crucial role in the inclusion of women in technology. The results highlight the importance of promoting the field and its opportunities, contributing to a more inclusive and inspiring future. The data analysis demonstrates the podcast's effectiveness in engaging and expanding its audience, establishing it as a significant example of social impact in ICT.
A new dataset (N = 7,456) analyzes women's research authorship in the Association for Computing Machinery's founding 13 Special Interest Groups or SIGs, a proxy for computer science. ACM SIGs expanded during 1970-2000; each experienced increasing women's authorship. But diversity abounds. Several SIGs had fewer than 10% women authors while SIGUCCS (university computing centers) exceeded 40%. Three SIGs experienced accelerating growth in women's authorship; most, including a composite ACM, had decelerating growth. This research may encourage reform efforts, often focusing on general education or workforce factors (across the entity of "computer science"), to examine under-studied dynamics within computer science that shaped changes in women's participation.
Twitter, también conocido actualmente como X, es una red social que permite la publicación y difusión rápida de mensajes breves de 280 caracteres. Sin embargo, a pesar de que su idea principal es compartir ideas entre miembros de la comunidad, en ocasiones se dan agresiones verbales hacia otros miembros. Actualmente uno de los colectivos que está recibiendo ataques es el de las mujeres, especialmente las que representan cargos públicos, como son las políticas. A partir del marco de la descortesía verbal, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar los mecanismos descorteses que emplea la comunidad de Twitter para atacar a las políticas. En este caso, nos centramos en Irene Montero, ministra de Igualdad del Gobierno de la XIV Legislatura de España, quien ha recibido numerosas críticas en su mandato por sus políticas de igualdad y por sus discursos en defensa del feminismo. Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se ha diseñado un corpus con una muestra de 1356 comentarios procedentes de los tuits más destacados de Montero, escritos entre 2020 y 2023. A continuación, mediante Sketch Engine, se analiza cuantitativamente los términos descorteses más frecuentes en el corpus a la hora de descalificar a la ministra. Por otra parte, atendiendo a los tipos de descortesía, pretendemos averiguar cualitativamente qué estrategias de descortesía son más frecuentes para descalificarla. Los resultados mostraron que el sexismo y el uso del morfema inclusivo –e son componentes que están presentes en los términos y en las estrategias descorteses, con los que se ridiculiza su discurso o se hace referencias al hecho de ser, en su momento, la pareja del ex vicepresidente del Gobierno y ex dirigente de Unidas Podemos, Pablo Iglesias.
In this paper, we explore how members of the scientific community leave academic science and how attrition (defined as ceasing to publish) differs across genders, academic disciplines, and over time. Our approach is cohort-based and longitudinal: We track individual male and female scientists over time and quantify the phenomenon traditionally referred to as 'leaving science.' Using publication metadata from Scopus - a global bibliometric database of publications and citations - we follow the details of the publishing careers of scientists from 38 OECD countries who started publishing in 2000 (N = 142,776) and 2010 (N = 232,843). Our study is restricted to 16 STEMM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine), and we track the individual scholarly output of the two cohorts until 2022. We use survival analysis to compare attrition of men and women scientists. With more women in science and more women within cohorts, attrition is becoming ever less gendered. In addition to the combined aggregated changes at the level of all STEMM disciplines, widely nuanced changes were found to occur at the discipline level and over time. Attrition in science means different things for men versus women depending on the discipline; moreover, it means different things for scientists from different cohorts entering the scientific workforce. Finally, global bibliometric datasets were tested in the current study, opening new opportunities to explore gender and disciplinary differences in attrition.
CLAUDIA REGINA BONALUME, Marie Luce Tavares, Hélder Ferreira Isayama
et al.
O objetivo deste estudo é refletir sobre a relação entre mulheres, lazer e trabalho, considerando os dados coletados pela pesquisa Lazer no Brasil, a partir de análise quanti-qualitativa. Para tanto, optamos por descrever e tratar os resultados, buscando inter-relacionar e articular os dados com outras pesquisas e vinculações teóricas, com base no entendimento do lazer como direito social, e considerando as diferenças e desigualdades de gênero, atravessadas pelas questões de raça e classe. Os resultados nos permitiram observar a existência de disparidades entre o que as mulheres gostariam de vivenciar no tempo livre e o que de fato conseguem. Além disso, identificamos a presença de barreiras para a garantia do direito ao lazer, principalmente pela falta de tempo, vinculada às questões relacionadas às tarefas culturalmente entendidas como função das mulheres, seguida da falta de recursos financeiros.
Introduction: A care crisis is taking place, reinforced by various aspects, including neoliberal policies. The reduction in working hours is a right to promote conciliation. However, this phenomenon has not yet been explored from Social Occupational Therapy. Objective: To delve into the phenomenon of the reduction of working hours in women, through the analysis of the media from a decolonial feminist perspective and Social Occupational Therapy. Method: Critical Discourse Analysis was used from a decolonial feminist perspective, as a methodological approach to analyze the discourses, language and meanings told in the media. The Factiva database has been used to locate the news. The search was carried out on May 2, 2020 jointly by the authors. 50 newspaper news have been included. Results: This work makes visible situations of institutional violence, denial of women's rights, deprivation of liberty, injustices, and inequalities. Reflections from Social Occupational Therapy and decolonial feminism are interwoven. Conclusions: Social Occupational Therapy calls for a constant questioning of spaces (local and situated, in this case, Galicia) and practice actions, which implies questioning the oppressive structures of domination (State’s articulation of the law of reduction of working hours and the social discourses constructed). The reduction in working hours is one more example of how our daily activities are mediated by patriarchal and colonial power relations.
Women's social health is a crucial factor in shaping the foundations and opportunities for the growth and development of any society. Indeed, the progress and excellence of a society depend on various aspects of its health, particularly in the physical, mental, and social dimensions. The purpose of this research is to elucidate the sociological determinants influencing the social health of women in Borujerd city. The quantitative research method, utilizing the survey technique and a questionnaire tool, was employed to collect data. A statistical sample of 385 individuals was selected from the studied population.The research findings indicate a significant relationship between the feelings of cultural security, social security, political security, economic security, intellectual security, and identity security with the social health of women. The results of multivariate regression further reveal that the sense of security influences women's social health by 0.56; in other words, 56% of the variable representing women's social health can be explained as a dependent variable through the independent variables of the research.Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the sense of security, as a crucial sociological structure, exerts a determining effect on the social health of women. The feeling of security serves as the essence and primary foundation of social health, and the realization of social health is contingent upon establishing a sense of security across social, cultural, intellectual, identity, economic, and political dimensions. Keywords Women's Health, Sense of Security, Social Health IntroductionAfter the weaknesses of the biomedical approaches were revealed, attention turned towards the overall health approach. The overall approach considers various factors involved in determining a person's health, recognizing health as a state beyond the complete balance of the body. It considers the role of social, economic, psychological, and other factors in realizing health. The World Health Organization's definition aligns with this approach, defining health as physical, mental, and social well-being, extending beyond the absence of illness or disability. This definition introduced the role of social factors for the first time, laying the foundation for the social health model.Social health, as a dimension of health, is the ability to perform social roles effectively and efficiently without harming others; it evaluates a person's condition and performance in society (Raymond et al., 2004: 14). While social health is a relatively new category in sociological literature, there have been limited experimental works in Iran. This research aims to explain the sociological determinants of women's social health, with a focus on the feeling of security as a significant and determining construct. MethodologyThis research adopts a comparative strategy, utilizing a quantitative method, survey technique, and a questionnaire tool. Deductive designs are applied through a deductive-hypothetical approach, employing a predetermined theoretical framework. Data were collected using survey techniques and questionnaires, processed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study population comprises women in Borujerd city, with a sample size of 385 people determined by Cochran's formula. FindingsRegression analysis of the sense of security on social health reveals that, with a significance level of less than 5 percent, dimensions of the sense of security significantly affect social health. The beta effect order is as follows: sense of cultural security (0.23), sense of identity security (0.19), sense of social security (0.18), sense of intellectual security (0.11), and sense of political security (0.08). The regression model is accepted according to the statistical results, rejecting the research hypothesis (H0) regarding the lack of effect of the feeling of security on social health and supporting hypothesis (H1) regarding the effect of the feeling of security on health. ResultThe results indicate that the feeling of security, as a crucial sociological structure, determines women's social health. The feeling of security is the essence and main platform of social health. Social health cannot be realized without providing platforms for the feeling of security across social, cultural, intellectual, identity, economic, and political dimensions. Women play a fundamental role in the social health of society, and all-round development depends on women's social health. It is suggested to conduct more research, both quantitative and qualitative, in the field of the feeling of security and women's social health. Appropriate social and cultural policies should be implemented based on the research results to establish women's social health infrastructure as a crucial indicator of social development. Considering the determination of the sense of security on women's social health, with the greatest effect on the dimensions of social security and identity security, it is recommended to provide necessary infrastructures to enhance the sense of security, especially in the cultural, social, and identity dimensions.
Kara Kedrick, Ekaterina Levitskaya, Russell J. Funk
A growing stream of research finds that scientific contributions are evaluated differently depending on the gender of the author. In this article, we consider whether gender differences in writing styles - how men and women communicate their work - may contribute to these observed gender gaps. We ground our investigation in a framework for characterizing the linguistic style of written text, with two sets of features - informational (i.e., features that emphasize facts) and involved (i.e., features that emphasize relationships). Using a large sample of academic papers and patents, we find significant differences in writing style by gender, with women using more involved features in their writing. Papers and patents with more involved features also tend to be cited more by women. Our findings suggest that scientific text is not devoid of personal character, which could contribute to bias in evaluation, thereby compromising the norm of universalism as a foundational principle of science.
Gender bias in grant allocation is a deviation from the principle that scientific merit should guide grant decisions. However, most studies on gender bias in grant allocation focus on gender differences in success rates, without including variables that measure merit. This study has two main contributions. Firstly, it includes several merit variables in the analysis. Secondly, it includes an analysis at the panel level where the selection process takes place, and this enables to study bias more in-depth at the process level. The findings are: (i) After controlling for merit, a consistent pattern of gender bias was found in the scores: women receive significant lower grades than men do. (ii) The scores are an input into the two-step decision-making process, and this study shows bias against women in the first selection decision where 75% of the applications are rejected, and bias in favor of women in the second (final) selection decision. (iii) At the level of individual panels, the analysis shows a mixed pattern of bias: in some panels the odds for women to receive a grant are lower than for men, whereas in other panels we find the opposite, next to panels with gender-neutral decision making. (iv) In the case under study, at an aggregated level the allocation of grants seems balanced. (v) The mixed pattern at panel level seems to relate characteristics such as the panel composition, and the level of gender stereotyping.
This article presents the results of ethnographic research conducted in the southern border of Mexico from 2017 to 2019, specifically at the Estación Migratoria Siglo XXI [XXI Century Immigration Station], which is one of the biggest and most important detention centres in the country. It analyses the functioning of an immigration detention centre as a ‘total institution’ where street-level bureaucrats enforce practices of biopolitics through daily deprivation of access to vital resources and the protection of the law. The article depicts how women are treated within a detention centre and provides an explanation focusing on observing gendered power relations and practices of disgust and contempt by the Instituto Nacional de Migración, a State-organised institution in the hands of street-level local bureaucrats who work in precarious conditions. Finally, the article demonstrates the dehumanisation practices in immigration detention that are deployed as a deterrence policy through operational strategies in Estación Migratoria Siglo XXI, located in Tapachula, Chiapas.
Athary Janiso, Prakash Kumar Shukla, Bheemeshwar Reddy A
Due to the unavailability of nationally representative data on time use, a systematic analysis of the gender gap in unpaid household and care work has not been undertaken in the context of India. The present paper, using the recent Time Use Survey (2019) data, examines the socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with variation in time spent on unpaid household and care work among men and women. It analyses how much of the gender gap in the time allocated to unpaid work can be explained by differences in these factors. The findings show that women spend much higher time compared to men in unpaid household and care work. The decomposition results reveal that differences in socioeconomic and demographic factors between men and women do not explain most of the gender gap in unpaid household work. Our results indicate that unobserved gender norms and practices most crucially govern the allocation of unpaid work within Indian households.
Although evidence suggests men are more generous to women than to men, it may stem from paternalism and could reverse when women excel in important skills for one's career success, such as cognitive skills. Using a dictator game, this paper studies whether male dictators allocate less to female receivers than to male receivers when these receivers have higher IQs than dictators. By exogenously varying the receivers' IQ relative to the dictators', I do not find evidence consistent with this hypothesis; if anything, male dictators allocate slightly more to female receivers with higher IQs than to male receivers with equivalent IQs. The results hold both in mean and distribution and are robust to the so-called ``beauty premium.'' Also, female dictators' allocations are qualitatively similar to male dictators. These findings suggest that women who excel in cognitive skills may not receive less favorable treatment than equally intelligent men in the labor market.