Hasil untuk "Sports"

E. Lloyd

Introduction: Hardiness is a frequently studied psychological concept, but in the context of sports, there have been few studies, particularly on testing instruments that encapsulate this construct. Objective: To adapt the language and test the validity and reliability of the Revised Athletic Har-diness Scale (RAHS) in the context of Indonesian sports students. Methodology: A total of 189 sports students participated in this study: 135 (71.43%) were male and 54 (28.57%) were female. The sports students ranged in age from 18 to 22, with an average age of 19.48 (± 0.879). In addition to the RAHS, two other standardized instruments, MTI and SWLS, were used to test validity. Results: The CFA test results showed a good fit with the data, with a chi-square (χ2) value of 89.910 (p 0.05). RAHSid had high reliability, both in McDonald's omega (α) and Cronbach's alpha (α), with reliability values ranging from 0.723 to 0.840 for each dimension. Discussion: The Indonesian version of RAHSid consists of 11 items, differing from the original version, which had 12. However, psychometrically, RAHSid is a three-factor model consisting of commitment, control, and challenge, confirming the original version. Conclusions: RAHSid is a valid and reliable instrument in revealing hardiness, so that the instrument can be used to reveal hardiness in the Indonesian context, especially for sports students.

R. Malina, A. Rogol, S. Cumming et al.

Yuanhong Wu, Isaiah Smith, Tushar Marwah et al.

Machine learning models have demonstrated remarkable success in sports prediction in the past years, often treating sports prediction as a classification task within the field. This paper introduces new perspectives for analyzing sports data to predict outcomes more accurately. We leverage rankings to generate team rankings for the 2024 dataset using Combinatorial Fusion Analysis (CFA), a new paradigm for combining multiple scoring systems through the rank-score characteristic (RSC) function and cognitive diversity (CD). Our result based on rank combination with respect to team ranking has an accuracy rate of $74.60\%$, which is higher than the best of the ten popular public ranking systems ($73.02\%$). This exhibits the efficacy of CFA in enhancing the precision of sports prediction through different lens.

İbrahim Avcı, Öznur Ayık

Video Assistant Referee (VAR) technology has been introduced in the sports industry as a decision support system designed to assist referees in making the correct decisions when overseeing a sporting event. In Turkey, VAR technology has been deployed to lessen controversies in football matches, but it has not completely eliminated them. As a result, it is crucial to establish whether fans, a key stakeholder in the sports sector, are satisfied with VAR technology. In this context, the study aims to investigate the effects of football fans' perceived value and identification with VAR technology on their satisfaction with it. Furthermore, the mediating role of attitudes towards the technology and the moderating role of knowledge about VAR technology will also be examined. The study used the snowball sampling method, and data were obtained via an online survey, with 411 fans participating over the data collection period. Using the fan data, Structural Equation Modeling was performed using the AMOS tool, and the study hypotheses were tested. The research revealed that identification and perceived value of VAR technology have a positive effect on satisfaction with this technology, with attitude toward technology acting as a mediator. The level of knowledge about VAR technology has a moderating effect in the relationship between satisfaction and perceived value. These findings have practical and theoretical implications for both the sports sector and the academic discipline.

Ciara Finnegan, Michael Scriney, Anna Donnla O’Hagan et al.

ABSTRACT The primary aim of this study was to generate sport‐specific movement category velocity thresholds for elite rugby sevens male and female players. Match activity data were collected via Global Positioning Systems (GPS) (10 Hz) from 19 male and 11 female players during 88 competitive international fixtures during the 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 seasons. A two‐stage unsupervised clustering method was applied. The elbow method, a technique used to determine the optimal number of clusters in a dataset, was first applied to identify the number of movement categories. Spectral clustering was then used to define the velocity thresholds corresponding to each category. For both male and female rugby sevens, four movement categories were identified with varying velocity thresholds. The male movement category velocity thresholds were low (0.0–2.05 m.s−1), moderate (2.06–4.26 m.s−1), high (4.27–7.20 m.s−1) and very high (> 7.20 m.s−1). Although the female movement category velocity thresholds were low (0.0–1.87 m.s−1), moderate (1.88–3.74 m.s−1), high (3.75–5.97 m.s−1) and very high (> 5.97 m.s−1). A comparison of the total distance covered in the respective gender‐specific zones revealed that females covered a significantly less distance in the low‐velocity movement category (p = 0.02) and a significantly more distance in the very‐high‐velocity movement category (p < 0.001). This work informs customised movement categories that allow for better physical load assessments in male and female rugby sevens and the provision of sport‐specific and gender‐specific conditioning programmes.

Attila Czont, Zsolt Bodor, Tamás Koncsag et al.

Monitoring adolescent team-sport athletes may benefit from combining performance and molecular markers, but empirical evidence supporting this approach in youth team sports remains limited. Objective: Our study investigated molecular and physiological adaptations to seasonal training in elite U18 ice hockey players, focusing on aerobic capacity, salivary cortisol, serum irisin, and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) dynamics. Methods: National-level U18 players were enrolled in our study (<i>n</i> = 23 for cross-sectional analysis, <i>n</i> = 12 longitudinal) during the pre- and early-competition season. Aerobic performance was assessed via graded treadmill VO₂max testing, and the biochemical markers quantified using ELISA-based assays. Results: From pre- to early-season (paired <i>n</i> = 12), VO₂max increased by 10.6% (g = +1.00, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and irisin by 14.7% (g = +0.83, <i>p</i> = 0.010). cfDNA decreased by 60.8% (g = −0.54, <i>p</i> = 0.070; moderate effect, not statistically clear), while cortisol remained stable (+11.3%; <i>p</i> = 0.667). Inter-individual variability increased for VO₂max and irisin and decreased by 82% for cfDNA. Exploratory cross-sectional positional analysis indicated higher irisin levels in forwards and elevated cfDNA in defensemen, although differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: These preliminary findings provide cohort-size limited longitudinal evidence of chronic irisin elevation in ice hockey players and highlight the possibility of combining VO₂max + irisin + cfDNA to assist individualized load/recovery in elite youth ice hockey.

Yu Cheng, Harun Šiljak

Recent advancements in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology have opened new avenues for dynamic data collection in challenging environments, such as sports fields during fast-paced sports action. For the purposes of monitoring sport events for dangerous injuries, we envision a coordinated UAV fleet designed to capture high-quality, multi-view video footage of collision events in real-time. The extracted video data is crucial for analyzing athletes' motions and investigating the probability of sports-related traumatic brain injuries (TBI) during impacts. This research implemented a UAV fleet system on the NetLogo platform, utilizing custom collision detection algorithms to compare against traditional TV-coverage strategies. Our system supports decentralized data capture and autonomous processing, providing resilience in the rapidly evolving dynamics of sports collisions. The collaboration algorithm integrates both shared and local data to generate multi-step analyses aimed at determining the efficacy of custom methods in enhancing the accuracy of TBI prediction models. Missions are simulated in real-time within a two-dimensional model, focusing on the strategic capture of collision events that could lead to TBI, while considering operational constraints such as rapid UAV maneuvering and optimal positioning. Preliminary results from the NetLogo simulations suggest that custom collision detection methods offer superior performance over standard TV-coverage strategies by enabling more precise and timely data capture. This comparative analysis highlights the advantages of tailored algorithmic approaches in critical sports safety applications.

Luca Martini, Daniele Zolezzi, Saverio Iacono et al.

The reconstruction of low-resolution football broadcast images presents a significant challenge in sports broadcasting, where detailed visuals are essential for analysis and audience engagement. This study introduces a multi-stage generative upscaling framework leveraging Diffusion Models to enhance degraded images, transforming inputs as small as $64 \times 64$ pixels into high-fidelity $1024 \times 1024$ outputs. By integrating an image-to-image pipeline, ControlNet conditioning, and LoRA fine-tuning, our approach surpasses traditional upscaling methods in restoring intricate textures and domain-specific elements such as player details and jersey logos. The custom LoRA is trained on a custom football dataset, ensuring adaptability to sports broadcast needs. Experimental results demonstrate substantial improvements over conventional models, with ControlNet refining fine details and LoRA enhancing task-specific elements. These findings highlight the potential of diffusion-based image reconstruction in sports media, paving the way for future applications in automated video enhancement and real-time sports analytics.

W. A. Rojas C., A. Zamora V., L. F. Quijano W. et al.

This paper presents an application of geometrothermodynamics (GTD) to the economic analysis of Bogotá's sports sector through the Satellite Account of Sport (CSDB). By establishing an analogy between thermodynamic systems and economic structures, we develop a mathematical framework where monetary flows behave analogously to energy, while economic entropy, temperature, and heat capacity acquire well-defined economic interpretations. The study focuses on two contrasting sectors: gambling and betting $\mathbb{S}_{15}$, and recreational and sports activities $\mathbb{S}_{16}$, analyzing data from 2018-2023. Our results demonstrate that $\mathbb{S}_{15}$ exhibits lower economic entropy than $\mathbb{S}_{16}$ , indicating a higher degree of organization and regulatory structure in the gambling sector compared to the more heterogeneous recreational sports sector. The heat capacity function reveals critical points that may signal phase transitions in economic dynamics, while Ricci and Kretschmann curvature scalars identify potential crisis points in the sectoral organization. Furthermore, the cross-income elasticity analysis shows distinct resource flow patterns between sectors, suggesting that gambling activities may serve as an economic driver for recreational sports. This thermodynamic approach provides a quantitative tool for analyzing resource redistribution policies and anticipating critical transitions in sectoral economics. The findings suggest that econophysics and statistical thermodynamics constitute powerful frameworks for understanding the sectoral dynamics of Bogotá's sports economy, with significant potential for developing prospective analysis tools in public policy design.

Wang Wen, Ziqi Chen, Guanyu Hu

Graphical models are powerful tools for capturing conditional dependence structures in complex systems but remain underexplored in analyzing ordinal data, especially in sports analytics. Ordinal variables, such as team rankings, player performance ratings, and survey responses, are pervasive in sports data but present unique challenges, particularly when accounting for heterogeneous subgroups, such as teams with varying styles or players with distinct roles. Existing methods, including probit graphical models, struggle with modeling heterogeneity and selecting the number of subgroups effectively. We propose a novel nonparametric Bayesian framework using the Mixture of Finite Mixtures (MFM) approach to address these challenges. Our method allows for flexible subgroup discovery and models each subgroup with a probit graphical model, simultaneously estimating the number of clusters and their configurations. We develop an efficient Gibbs sampling algorithm for inference, enabling robust estimation of cluster-specific structures and parameters. This framework is particularly suited to sports analytics, uncovering latent patterns in player performance metrics. Our work bridges critical gaps in modeling ordinal data and provides a foundation for advanced decision-making in sports performance and strategy.

Sauptik Dhar, Naveen Ramakrishnan, Michelle Munson

Large Vision Language models have seen huge application in several sports use-cases recently. Most of these works have been targeted towards a limited subset of popular sports like soccer, cricket, basketball etc; focusing on generative tasks like visual question answering, highlight generation. This work analyzes the applicability of the modern video foundation models (both encoder and decoder) for a very niche but hugely popular dance sports - breakdance. Our results show that Video Encoder models continue to outperform state-of-the-art Video Language Models for prediction tasks. We provide insights on how to choose the encoder model and provide a thorough analysis into the workings of a finetuned decoder model for breakdance video classification.

Yinglong Yu, Zhaopu Yao, Fang Yuan

This study analyzes Chinese and English media reports on the Paris Olympics using topic modeling, Large Language Model (LLM) prompt engineering, and corpus phraseology methods to explore similarities and differences in discourse construction and attitudinal meanings. Common topics include the opening ceremony, athlete performance, and sponsorship brands. Chinese media focus on specific sports, sports spirit, doping controversies, and new technologies, while English media focus on female athletes, medal wins, and eligibility controversies. Chinese reports show more frequent prepositional co-occurrences and positive semantic prosody in describing the opening ceremony and sports spirit. English reports exhibit positive semantic prosody when covering female athletes but negative prosody in predicting opening ceremony reactions and discussing women's boxing controversies.

Anna Krysińska, Antonina Drzewiecka, Artur Drzewiecki et al.

Introduction: Pregnancy is a transformative stage in a woman’s life, often accompanied by questions and concerns about the safety of both the mother and the developing child. Key aspects of daily life, including physical activity, diet, and work, are frequently scrutinized, with many misconceptions persisting about what constitutes a healthy pregnancy. However, scientific evidence consistently demonstrates that an active and healthy pregnancy benefits both maternal and neonatal outcomes.  Aim of the study: This study aims to synthesize current knowledge on the role of physical activity during pregnancy and its impact on labor outcomes. By reviewing recent research, we seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the benefits of physical activity, address barriers to exercise during pregnancy, and highlight evidence-based recommendations. The goal is to raise awareness among healthcare providers and pregnant women about the importance of incorporating physical activity into prenatal care. Materials and methods: This study incorporated evidence from peer-reviewed articles, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials. Over 55 studies, available on PubMed and Google Scholar were analysed and critically reviewed to create a comprehensive overview of the topic.   Conclusion: Physical activity during pregnancy is a vital component of prenatal care that promotes maternal and neonatal well-being. Regular exercise reduces the likelihood of pregnancy complications and improves delivery outcomes. Additionally, it offers long-term benefits for neonatal development. While current guidelines provide a general framework for exercise during pregnancy, personalized recommendations tailored to individual needs are essential to maximize safety and efficacy. This research emphasizes the importance of raising awareness among healthcare providers and pregnant women about the critical role of physical activity in improving health outcomes during pregnancy and beyond.

Bo Peng, Weisong Chen, Hongshen Wang et al.

<h4>Objective</h4>This study examines the mechanisms linking physical self-esteem to adolescents' sports participation, emphasizing the mediating roles of exercise motivation and social support. It aims to establish a comprehensive framework that integrates psychological and social factors to understand sports behavior among adolescents.<h4>Method</h4>A total of 2,588 adolescents from various regions in China were surveyed using validated scales for physical self-esteem, exercise motivation, social support, and sports participation. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess direct, mediated, and sequential mediation effects.<h4>Results</h4>The analysis confirmed that physical self-esteem significantly predicts sports participation directly (β = 0.094, p < 0.001). Exercise motivation and social support act as mediators, explaining 33.26% and 16.74% of the total effect, respectively. Sequential mediation analysis showed that physical self-esteem influences sports participation through the combined effects of exercise motivation and social support, contributing 29.61% to the total effect. Demographic analyses revealed that males, rural adolescents, and middle school students exhibit higher levels of self-esteem, motivation, and sports participation. Group differences were analyzed based on demographic variables, including gender, grade level, and family location.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study underscores the critical roles of psychological traits and social contexts in shaping adolescents' sports participation. By revealing the mediating and sequential mediation effects of exercise motivation and social support, the research highlights pathways for targeted interventions. Schools and communities should focus on enhancing physical self-esteem and fostering supportive social networks to encourage sports participation. Future studies should incorporate longitudinal designs and explore cultural and regional variations to extend these findings.

W. A. Rojas C., A. Zamora

We present an analysis of Bogot'{a}'s sports sector through thermostatistical models applied to economic systems. The study investigates the cross-price elasticity of income ($λ$) to determine whether sports services in Bogot'{a} are normal or inferior goods. Analyzing data from the Sports Satellite Account of Bogot'{a} (CSDB) from 2018 to 2022, we find that demand for sports services is highly elastic, particularly during economic upturns, indicating they are seen as normal or luxury goods. We also calculate the partition function, entropy, and heat capacity, showing consistency with the Boltzmann Principle, which indicates a strong correlation between microstates and the macroeconomic state, supporting the statistical thermodynamic framework. Furthermore, the study employs geometrothermodynamics to assess system stability using Kretschmann and Ricci scalars to identify economic singularities, especially during the pandemic, highlighting its disruptive impact. This approach provides a nuanced understanding of system stability and the effects of external shocks like COVID-19 on the economic structure. Our analysis demonstrates that Bogot'{a}'s sports sector responds elastically to GDP changes, with stability influenced by various macroeconomic factors. However, a decline in heat capacity as economic temperature rises suggests potential growth limitations, necessitating further research to fully grasp the sector's long-term outlook.

Koichi Fujii, Tomomi Matsui

Constructing a suitable schedule for sports competitions is a crucial issue in sports scheduling. The round-robin tournament is a competition adopted in many professional sports. For most round-robin tournaments, it is considered undesirable that a team plays consecutive away or home matches; such an occurrence is called a break. Accordingly, it is preferable to reduce the number of breaks in a tournament. A common approach is first to construct a schedule and then determine a home-away assignment based on the given schedule to minimize the number of breaks (first-schedule-then-break). In this study, we concentrate on the problem that arises in the second stage of the first-schedule-then-break approach, namely, the break minimization problem(BMP). We prove that this problem can be reduced to an odd cycle transversal problem, the well-studied graph problem. These results lead to a new approximation algorithm for the BMP.

Carrington Ream, Hoyoon Jung, Bomin Paek

Although expletive use is considered taboo in most societies, expletives are commonly used in sports. However, the impact of expletives on coaching effectiveness has not received significant attention because of the unique nature of sports in which fierce competition is condoned and even encouraged.Inthe current study, the researchers aim to examine whether expletives alter the effectiveness of speeches given by coaches across genders. Collecting data from a total of 133 respondents, ANOVA demonstrated that expletive word use during halftime speeches by coaches did not play a role in diminishing the coaching effectiveness, regardless of the coach's gender and the players' gender. Additionally, male and female participants perceived expletive speech differently, and student-athletes rated the speeches as significantly more effective than the nonstudent-athletes. This study suggests practical implications for female coaches, who may consider stepping out of traditional expected roles (e.g., supportive and caring) and adopting language in coaching traditionally reserved for male coaches, given that their choice of language will not negatively impact their coaching effectiveness. However, further examination is needed for the robustness of our findings as the current study does not necessarily demonstrate an increase in effectiveness or a positive shift in perceptions from the use of expletives.

Aglaja Busch, Lorena R. R. Gianotti, Frank Mayer et al.

# Background Changes in cortical activation patterns after rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) have been described. However, evidence of these consequences in the early stages following the incident and through longitudinal monitoring is scarce. Further insights could prove valuable in informing evidence-based rehabilitation practices. # Purpose To analyze the angular accuracy, neuromuscular, and cortical activity during a knee joint position sense (JPS) test over the initial six months following ACL reconstruction. Study design: Cohort Study # Methods Twenty participants with ACL reconstruction performed a JPS test with both limbs. The measurement time points were approximately 1.5, 3-4 and 6 months after surgery, while 20 healthy controls were examined on a single occasion. The active JPS test was performed seated with a target angle of 50° for two blocks of continuous angular reproduction (three minutes per block). The reproduced angles were recorded simultaneously by an electrogoniometer. Neuromuscular activity of the quadriceps muscles during extension to the target angle was measured with surface electromyography. Spectral power for theta, alpha-2, beta-1 and beta-2 frequency bands were determined from electroencephalographic recordings. Linear mixed models were performed with group (ACL or controls), the measurement time point, and respective limb as fixed effect and each grouping per subject combination as random effect with random intercept. # Results Significantly higher beta-2 power over the frontal region of interest was observed at the first measurement time point in the non-involved limb of the ACL group in comparison to the control group (p = 0.03). Despite individual variation, no other statistically significant differences were identified for JPS error, neuromuscular, or other cortical activity. # Conclusion Variation in cortical activity between the ACL and control group were present, which is consistent with published results in later stages of rehabilitation. Both indicate the importance of a neuromuscular and neurocognitive focus in the rehabilitation. # Level of Evidence 3

.Qasim Mohammed Sayah

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze time of elapsed phase-by-phase, center-mass, changes in angles joints and, angular velocities at each phase of Front handspring front tuck performed by four gymnasts from the Iraqi National Gymnastics Team. In addition to provide quantitative data highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of gymnasts to enable a more stable landing technique.The results show that, for the performance of front handspring front tuck, a lot of time; it was enough to turn the player's movement in the air,shortening the time required until the hands are released.A short horizontal displacement was shown by folding the body to obtain a sufficient amount of turn to the maximum height vertical displacement continuously increased to the front air flight to increase the sufficient amount of rotation.The hips are flexed until the hand stitches, while the handspring are extended to the maximum extent until the jump. In order to obtain a sufficient amount of rotation after taking off from the ground.the shoulder angular velocity was fast during the hops step, and the slow angular velocity of the shoulder until the take-off after the hand spring

Ismail Dergaa, Amine Ghram, Mohamed Romdhani et al.

Wet-cupping therapy (WCT) is one of the oldest known medical techniques, used as a traditional and complementary therapy with a wide application all around the world for general health. Research on the effects of WCT on sports performance are sparse and inconsistent. Thus, we aimed to explore the effects of WCT on repeated sprint ability, wellness, and exertion in young active males. Forty-nine active adult males (age: [28 ​± ​5] years; body height [177 ​± ​8] cm; body mass: [79 ​± ​7] kg; body mass index: [25.4 ​± ​1.8] kg/m2) were selected for the study. The participants performed a running-based sprint test on two separate occasions (Control and Post-WCT). WCT was performed 24 ​h before the testing session. They completed the Hooper questionnaire to assess their well-being (i.e., sleep, stress, fatigue, and soreness) before each session. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was collected after each testing session. A higher maximum power (p ​< ​0.05, effect size [ES] ​= ​0.6), mean power (p ​< ​0.01, ES ​= ​0.5) and minimum power (p ​< ​0.01, ES ​= ​0.6) were recorded post-WCT as compared to Control session along with a better perceived sleep (p ​< ​0.01, ES ​= ​0.85). Perceived stress (p ​< ​0.01, ES ​= ​0.6) and RPE (p ​< ​0.001; ES ​= ​1.1) were lower during the post-WCT compared to the Control session. The present findings demonstrated that WCT moderately enhanced repeated sprint ability and had positive effects on perceived sleep, stress, and exertion. WCT may be an effective ergogenic aid to improve repeated sprint ability and general well-being in young adult males. Future large-scale multicentric clinical studies are paramount to confirm the results of our study.