Hasil untuk "South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia"

Alexandre Haym, Dylan Motin

Why did Meiji Japan succeed in modernizing its state apparatus while Qing China failed? According to neorealists, states respond to threats by balancing. Successful balancing requires an efficient bureaucracy to extract enough resources from society to sustain a formidable military. Yet not all states are equal when it comes to modernizing. We argue that a state’s ability to adopt best practices depends on its past position in the international system. States suffering from a longstanding material weakness will tend to adopt new practices from abroad more quickly than states that have enjoyed a dominant position for a long time. Embeddedness decides whether or not the state perceives its model’s crisis. Therefore, we propose a theory of neorealist imitation success or failure that counts three variables: embeddedness as the independent variable, political leadership’s willingness to adopt best practices, and elite cohesion as intervening variables.

Yoshida Noriaki

The article is devoted to the study of the Japanese-language newspaper Urajio Nippo, published in Vladivostok from 1917 to 1930. The newspaper was founded by Izumi Renosuke and became the only periodical for the local diaspora during the revolutionary events and the Siberian expedition. The print run ranged from 180 to 442 copies and was funded by local entrepreneurs from the community. The newspaper covered the life of the Japanese diaspora, published news from Russia and Japan, as well as analytical materials on the political situation. Special attention was paid to the Siberian expedition, relations with the Far Eastern Republic, and the withdrawal of Japanese troops. The periodical served as a platform for shaping public opinion among local residents and organized large-scale community gatherings. The study examines the newspaper's connections with the Japanese military and intelligence services, and shows its role in the information confrontation and communication between the diaspora and the government during the complex period of revolutionary transformations in the Russian Far East.

D. Y. Ahn, D. L. Goldberg, F. Liu et al.

Abstract Cities play a crucial role in reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. While activity‐based (“bottom up”) emission estimates are widely used for global cities, they often lack independent verification. In this study, we use remotely‐sensed CO2 observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐3 (OCO‐3) to “top‐down” estimate CO2 emissions for 54 global cities. This global‐scale analysis is enabled by a computationally efficient cross‐sectional flux approach, which uses NO2 observations from TROPOMI and trajectory simulations from HYSPLIT to identify OCO‐3 pixels influenced by urban plumes. Our satellite‐based emission estimates for 54 global cities agree within 7% to two widely used bottom‐up data sets but reveal regional discrepancies. Bottom‐up estimates tend to overestimate emissions for cities in Central East Asia and South and West Asia, while underestimating emissions in Africa, East and Southeast Asia & Oceania, Europe, and North America. Additionally, our satellite‐based socioeconomic analysis shows that (a) high‐income cities tend to have less carbon‐intensive economies: North American cities emit 0.1 kg CO2 per USD of economic output, while African cities emit 0.5 kg CO2 per USD, and (b) per capita emissions decrease with increasing population size, from 7.7 tCO2/person for cities under 5 million residents to 1.8 tCO2/person for cities over 20 million residents. This study highlights the potential of satellite data to bridge gaps between top‐down and bottom‐up emission estimates, enhancing the robustness and transparency of emissions monitoring. Our findings emphasize the growing role of satellite data in verifying urban CO2 emissions and supporting efforts to mitigate emissions for global cities.

Portyakov V.Ya.

The foreign historiography of China's foreign policy is dominated by the works of American scholars. This situation did not develop immediately and can be explained by several reasons. First, the defeat of Chiang Kai-shek and the victory of the Chinese Communists were perceived by the US authorities as a “loss of China”. Responsibility for it was not least assigned to American sinologists, who often provided consulting services to the Kuomintang. In addition, Americans, including officials and scholars, had no direct contacts with Chinese citizens until the early 1970s.The first such contacts appeared in 1971–1972, including among some journalists (in the context of R. Nixon's visit to China in February 1972) and a small number of China’s scholars (for example, John Fairbank in 1972, received by Zhou Enlai). After the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China on January 1, 1979, American sinologists received full access to the country of study, and the quantity and quality of sinological works began to grow exponentially. The article examines the main works by the most famous experts on the foreign policy of the PRC. It can be stated that before the presidency of Donald Trump, the United States had a predominantly positive attitude towards China and its foreign policy, and only later did the point of view about the growing contradictions between Beijing and Washington prevail.

Belozerov V.V.

Japanese poster is an integral element of modern graphic culture, which has become famous due to the professional skills of its authors and recognisable visual appearance. This is also how it is perceived in Russia, where since the mid-1960s Japanese poster art and its creators have occupied a special place. The article reconstructs the historiographical trajectory of the description of Japanese posters in the USSR on the basis of reviews of international graphic biennales in the socialist republics. Based on archival materials and periodicals, the author reconstructs the event field of representation of Japanese contemporary posters in the USSR and Russia, including all the main exhibitions of local and international significance, as well as the key features of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods of perception of this phenomenon. The appendix to the article contains a list of exhibitions of Japanese poster art in the USSR and Russia from 1974 to 2021.

Y. Liu, Y. Liu, J. Chen et al.

<p>Open biomass burning (OBB) significantly affects regional and global air quality, the climate, and human health. The burning of forests, shrublands, grasslands, peatlands, and croplands influences OBB. A global emissions inventory based on satellite fire detection enables an accurate estimation of OBB emissions. In this study, we developed a global high-resolution (<span class="inline-formula">1 km×1 km</span>) daily OBB emission inventory using the Chinese Fengyun-3D satellite's global fire spot monitoring data, satellite-derived biomass data, vegetation-index-derived spatiotemporally variable combustion efficiencies, and land-type-based emission factors. The average annual estimated OBB emissions for 2020–2022 were 2586.88 Tg C, 8841.45 Tg <span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span>, 382.96 Tg CO, 15.83 Tg <span class="inline-formula">CH₄</span>, 18.42 <span class="inline-formula">Tg</span> <span class="inline-formula">NO_<i>x</i></span>, 4.07 Tg <span class="inline-formula">SO₂</span>, 18.68 Tg particulate organic carbon (OC), 3.77 Tg particulate black carbon (BC), 5.24 Tg <span class="inline-formula">NH₃</span>, 15.85 Tg <span class="inline-formula">NO₂</span>, 42.46 Tg PM<span class="inline-formula">_2.5</span> and 56.03 Tg PM<span class="inline-formula">₁₀</span>. Specifically, taking carbon emissions as an example, the average annual estimated OBBs for 2020–2022 were 72.71 (Boreal North America, BONA), 165.73 (Temperate North America, TENA), 34.11 (Central America, CEAM), 42.93 (Northern Hemisphere South America, NHSA), 520.55 (Southern Hemisphere South America, SHSA), 13.02 (Europe, EURO), 8.37 (Middle East, MIDE), 394.25 (Northern Hemisphere Africa, NHAF), 847.03 (Southern Hemisphere Africa, SHAF), 167.35 (Boreal Asia, BOAS), 27.93 (Central Asia, CEAS), 197.29 (Southeast Asia, SEAS), 13.20 (Equatorial Asia; EQAS), and 82.38 (Australia and New Zealand; AUST) <span class="inline-formula">Tg C yr⁻¹</span>. Overall, savanna grassland burning contributed the largest proportion of the annual total carbon emissions (1209.12 <span class="inline-formula">Tg C yr⁻¹</span>; 46.74 %), followed by woody savanna/shrubs (33.04 %) and tropical forests (12.11 %). SHAF was found to produce the most carbon emissions globally (847.04 <span class="inline-formula">Tg C yr⁻¹</span>), followed by SHSA (525.56 <span class="inline-formula">Tg C yr⁻¹</span>), NHAF (394.26 <span class="inline-formula">Tg C yr⁻¹</span>), and SEAS (197.30 <span class="inline-formula">Tg C yr⁻¹</span>). More specifically, savanna grassland burning was predominant in SHAF (55.00 %, 465.86 <span class="inline-formula">Tg C yr⁻¹</span>), SHSA (43.39 %, 225.86 <span class="inline-formula">Tg C yr⁻¹</span>), and NHAF (76.14 %, 300.21 <span class="inline-formula">Tg C yr⁻¹</span>), while woody savanna/shrub fires were dominant in SEAS (51.48 %, 101.57 <span class="inline-formula">Tg C yr⁻¹</span>). Furthermore, carbon emissions exhibited significant seasonal variability, peaking in September 2020 and August of 2021 and 2022, with an average of 441.32 <span class="inline-formula">Tg C month⁻¹</span>, which is substantially higher than the monthly average of 215.57 <span class="inline-formula">Tg C month⁻¹</span>. Our comprehensive high-resolution inventory of OBB emissions provides valuable insights for enhancing the accuracy of air quality modeling, atmospheric transport, and<span id="page3496"/> biogeochemical cycle studies. The GEIOBB dataset can be downloaded at <span class="uri">http://figshare.com</span> (last access: 30 July 2024) with the following DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24793623.v2">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24793623.v2</a> (Liu et al., 2023).</p>

Xu Bo, Wu Hao

Current international relations are facing “profound changes unseen in a century” . The evolution of the international order is the most important characteri stic of this process. As a representative thought of China's understanding of the evolution of the international order, “Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy” is considered the main guiding principle of contemporary Chinese diplomacy. It prominently reflects China’s fundamental views on international relations, major-country politics, and international institutions, and will also have a significant impact on the development of China-Russia relations. The main characteristics of the current evolution of the international order are the formation of a complex bipolarity in the power structure, changes in dominant ideas, and diversification of multilateral cooperation systems. Faced with major changes in the international order, China believes that the world is enter ing a period of turbulence in which the process of power transition will continue, during which China needs to further participate in global governance. The Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy advocates the leadership role of the party in China’s foreign policy decision-making and points out three core concepts: a community with shared future for mankind, major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, and a new type of international relations. In the future development of China-Russia relations, both countries will continue to uphold a comprehensive strategic partnership and coordination for the new era. At the same time, when faced with changes in dominant ideas, China and Russia can engage in closer cooperation on how to build “a community of shared future” in the new era. In response to the changes in multilateral systems, China and Russia can promote further alliance, thereby developing “new types of international relations” at the multilateral level. As major countries in the international system, the effective expansion of China-Russia cooperation will bring great geopolitical and geo-economic benefits to the Eurasian region. In addition, the interaction and cooperation between the two countries will inevitably shape the new pattern of the international politics in the 21st century.

Chade Li, Wenyan Nong, Delbert Almerick T. Boncan et al.

Abstract Food security is important for the ever-growing global population. Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., is cultivated worldwide providing a key source of food, protein and oil. Hence, it is imperative to maintain or to increase its yield under different conditions including challenges caused by abiotic and biotic stresses. In recent years, the soybean pod-sucking stinkbug Riptortus pedestris has emerged as an important agricultural insect pest in East, South and Southeast Asia. Here, we present a genomics resource for R. pedestris including its genome assembly, messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) transcriptomes at different developmental stages and from different organs. As insect hormone biosynthesis genes (genes involved in metamorphosis) and their regulators such as miRNAs are potential targets for pest control, we analyzed the sesquiterpenoid (juvenile) and ecdysteroid (molting) hormone biosynthesis pathway genes including their miRNAs and relevant neuropeptides. Temporal gene expression changes of these insect hormone biosynthesis pathways were observed at different developmental stages. Similarly, a diet-specific response in gene expression was also observed in both head and salivary glands. Furthermore, we observed that microRNAs (bantam, miR-14, miR-316, and miR-263) of R. pedestris fed with different types of soybeans were differentially expressed in the salivary glands indicating a diet-specific response. Interestingly, the opposite arms of miR-281 (-5p and -3p), a miRNA involved in regulating development, were predicted to target Hmgs genes of R. pedestris and soybean, respectively. These observations among others highlight stinkbug’s responses as a function of its interaction with soybean. In brief, the results of this study not only present salient findings that could be of potential use in pest management and mitigation but also provide an invaluable resource for R. pedestris as an insect model to facilitate studies on plant-pest interactions.

Aslam Abd Jalil, Gerhard Hoffstaedter

This paper focuses on the largest group of refugees in Malaysia, the Rohingya. Many Rohingya have made Malaysia their home over recent years, even though they have no official legal status in the country. Refugees more broadly are often tolerated as workers but treated as undocumented migrants by the law. When Covid-19 was detected in Malaysia, the government followed a strategy of suppression with targeted lockdowns in areas of Covid-19 outbreaks. As most refugees are forced to work to survive, they hold important front-line jobs. As a result, they were exposed to Covid-19 at higher rates of infection than Malaysians. In this paper we trace the way the Malaysian government, Malaysian people and refugees encountered Covid-19 and how refugees especially became the subject of enhanced securitization and surveillance based on prejudice. We show how the state enacted securitization first on the borders, before it inverted this process and focused on domestic border work, wherein neighborhoods, mosques and markets became central places of immigration control and exclusion for refugees. Based on data collected during ethnographic fieldwork in peninsular Malaysia between 2020 and 2021, we argue that the securitization of refugees and migrant workers, their surveillance and even expulsion and eviction demonstrates continued and heightened scapegoating of refugees and migrants for all Malaysia’s ills. These actions reinforced the stigma and stereotype of refugees being legally undocumented and therefore outside of and too often unwelcome in the Malaysian body politic.

Yi Sheng Goh, Pek Yen Teh

Festivals play a vital role in catalyzing inclusive development through their ability to in-crease social capital. They can enhance social ties through creating shared knowledge, building trust, and forming networks. In the Malaysian context, few studies have been done on how festivals promote inclusive development. Hence, this paper seeks to present a case study on Pangkor Island Festival (PIF), which is a Malaysian arts and culture festival, concerning the process, opportunities, and challenges of inclusive development from the perspectives of the festival organizer. In-depth interviews with the festival organizer and curator and field observations were conducted. Findings show that festivals promote inclusive development through a five-phase process, from establishing relationships with residents and exploring local assets to the sustainability of PIF and inclusive development. This study also suggests three-fold opportunities that include community cohesiveness, revitalization, and cultural value restoration as well as challenges of securing suitable stakeholders.

Rui Xiong, Jin Li, Yuanzheng Zhang et al.

Light-absorbing organic carbon (OC), sometimes known as Brown Carbon (BrC), has been recognized as an important fraction of carbonaceous aerosols substantially affecting radiative forcing. This study firstly developed a bottom-up estimate of global primary BrC, and discussed its spatiotemporal distribution and source contributions from 1960 to 2010. The global total primary BrC emission from both natural and anthropogenic sources in 2010 was 7.26 (5.98–8.93 as an interquartile range) Tg, with 43.5% from anthropogenic sources. High primary BrC emissions were in regions such as Africa, South America, South and East Asia with natural sources (wild fires and deforestation) contributing over 70% in the former two regions, while in East Asia, anthropogenic sources, especially residential solid fuel combustion, accounted for over 80% of the regional total BrC emissions. Globally, the historical trend was mainly driven by anthropogenic sources, which increased from 1960 to 1990 and then started to decline. Residential emissions significantly impacted on emissions and temporal trends that varied by region. In South and Southeast Asia, the emissions increased obviously due to population growth and a slow transition from solid fuels to clean modern energies in the residential sector. It is estimated that in primary OC, the global average was about 20% BrC, but this ratio varied from 13% to 47%, depending on sector and region. In areas with high residential solid fuel combustion emissions, the ratio was generally twice the value in other areas. Uncertainties in the work are associated with the concept of BrC and measurement technologies, pointing to the need for more studies on BrC analysis and quantification in both emissions and the air.

Bin Chen, Bin Chen

Microplastics have been widely detected in the environment, while mangrove wetlands are considered barriers to land-based plastic transport to the ocean, requiring special attention. However, the current literature is distributed and broad besides limited information on the fate characteristics and pollution levels. This study uses a systematic literature review method to analyze the current research status and future trends. In this study, the literature is summarized and concluded that Characteristics including color, shape, size, polymer chemistry and surface microstructure are the basic information for microplastic research in mangrove wetlands. Size is the key to studying distribution and convergence without international standards. The shape is vital to study its sources and environmental processes. Color affects biological predation and is important information for studying ecological risk. The chemical composition of plastics is the key to studying microplastics’ fingerprint information, source, and sink. The surface microstructure is an important basis for studying adsorption behavior and aging processes. Mangrove microplastic studies in China are mainly on the southern and southeastern coasts, and microplastic pollution is more severe in Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi than in Hainan. In contrast, studies on mangrove microplastics abroad are mainly concentrated in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Overall, microplastic contamination was detected in the major distribution areas of mangroves worldwide and was correlated with mangrove density and human activities.

Sergey A. Mikhailov

This article attempts to analyze the situation in North-East India (NER) and the entire region in the light of existing and potential interaction between countries of South, South East and East Asia for solving the serious problem of the local separatism and terrorism. The author states that even a superficial glance at the situation demonstrates a very contradictory approaches and actions of the different countries in this field. The relevance of the research implies the possibilities of practical application of the potential of cooperation between countries of this region (using examples of the positive interaction between India and some of its neighbors) to choose the best ways to solve the problem of separatism and terrorism.

Karuppusamy Arunachalam, Karuppusamy Arunachalam, Karuppusamy Arunachalam et al.

Wenbin Liu, Fubao Sun, Yao Feng et al.

Projecting future changes in concurrent dry and hot extremes (CDHEs) and the subsequent socio-economic risks (e.g. population exposure) is critical for climate adaptation and water management under different warming targets. However, to date, this aspect remains poorly understood on both global and regional scales. In this study, the changes in future CDHEs and their population exposures under 1.5 °C, 2 °C, and 3 °C warming were quantified using a Standardized Dry and Hot Index calculated based on the newly released Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 climate model outputs and global population datasets. It was found that relative to the baseline period (1986–2005), the severity of CDHEs would increase on the global scale and in most regions, such as in Southern Europe, the Mediterranean, Sahara, West Africa, Central America, Mexico, the Amazon, and the west coast of South America under 1.5 °C, 2 °C, and 3 °C of warming. Stabilizing the warming at 1.5 °C would constrain the adverse influence of CDHEs on the population suffering from severe CDHEs in most regions (especially in Central Europe, Southern Europe, the Mediterranean, Eastern North America, West Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia). Globally, the population impacted by severe CDHEs (with a constant 2000 population) would increase by 108 and 266 million (149 and 367 million when constant 2080 population is applied) for 2 °C and 3 °C increase compared to a 1.5 °C increase. These findings provide scientific evidence of the benefit of limiting anthropogenic warming to 1.5 °C in terms of the socio-economic risks related to CDHEs.

S. Gravas, D. Bolton, R. Gomez et al.

The global impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on urology practice remains unknown. Self-selected urologists worldwide completed an online survey by the Société Internationale d’Urologie (SIU). A total of 2494 urologists from 76 countries responded, including 1161 (46.6%) urologists in an academic setting, 719 (28.8%) in a private practice, and 614 (24.6%) in the public sector. The largest proportion (1074 (43.1%)) were from Europe, with the remainder from East/Southeast Asia (441 (17.7%)), West/Southwest Asia (386 (15.5%)), Africa (209 (8.4%)), South America (198 (7.9%)), and North America (186 (7.5%)). An analysis of differences in responses was carried out by region and practice setting. The results reveal significant restrictions in outpatient consultation and non-emergency surgery, with nonspecific efforts towards additional precautions for preventing the spread of COVID-19 during emergency surgery. These restrictions were less notable in East/Southeast Asia. Urologists often bear the decision-making responsibility regarding access to elective surgery (40.3%). Restriction of both outpatient clinics and non-emergency surgery is considerable worldwide but is lower in East/Southeast Asia. Measures to control the spread of COVID-19 during emergency surgery are common but not specific. The pandemic has had a profound impact on urology practice. There is an urgent need to provide improved guidance for this and future pandemics.

R. Boonratana

Ongoing efforts to conserve the Asian primates are severely challenged by increasing rates of habitat loss and fragmentation. Underlying drivers such as rapid economic and population growth throughout much of South, East, and Southeast Asia have confined several populations of Asian primates to isolated fragments. Conservation efforts for these primates are partly hampered by a poor understanding of fragmentation, resulting in an inability to draw up effective long‐term conservation responses. In this manuscript, I show that fragmentation can be understood better when treated both as stress and a threat. Moreover, despite a myriad of causes of fragmentation reported, most are broad descriptions or subject to various interpretations. Here I describe the use of the IUCN‐CMP Unified Classifications of Direct Threats Version 3.2, a convenient and universal tool, for more precise identification of the causes and consequences of fragmentation for Asian primates. I further describe the interrelated variables influencing the persistence of Asian primates in fragments, and the conditions affecting these variables.

Jean Jacques Noubiap, MD, Jobert Richie Nansseu, MD, Ulrich Flore Nyaga, MD et al.

Summary: Background: Although diabetes and poor glycaemic control significantly increase the risk of tuberculosis and adversely affect tuberculosis treatment outcomes, the global burden of diabetes in the context of tuberculosis remains unknown. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of diabetes among patients with tuberculosis at global, regional, and country levels. Methods: We searched PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus to identify studies published between Jan 1, 1986, and June 15, 2017, on the prevalence of diabetes in patients with active tuberculosis, with no language restrictions. Criteria to diagnose tuberculosis and diabetes concurred with WHO guidelines. Methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed, and random-effect models meta-analysis served to obtain the pooled prevalence estimate of diabetes among patients with active tuberculosis, globally. Heterogeneity (I2) was assessed via the χ2 test on Cochran's Q statistic. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016049901. Findings: We screened 7565 records of which 200 studies (2 291 571 people with active tuberculosis) were included in meta-analyses. The pooled prevalence of diabetes was 15·3% (95% prediction interval 2·5–36·1; I2 99·8%), varying from 0·1% in Latvia to 45·2% in Marshall Islands. Subgroup and metaregression analyses for identifying sources of heterogeneity showed that four International Diabetes Federation (IDF) regions (North America and Caribbean [19·7%], western Pacific [19·4%], southeast Asia [19·0%], Middle East and North Africa [17·5%]) had significantly higher prevalence estimates than the three others (Africa [8·0%], South and Central America [7·7%], and Europe [7·5%]; p<0·0001). Additionally, the prevalence increased with age, in men, and in countries with low tuberculosis burden. The prevalence of diabetes was decreased in countries that had low incomes and low Human Development Index scores. The form of tuberculosis infection and presence of HIV seemed not to affect the prevalence of diabetes among patients with active tuberculosis. Interpretation: This study suggests a high burden of diabetes among patients with active tuberculosis, with disparities according to age, sex, regions, level of country income, and development. Cost-effective strategies to curb the burden of diabetes among patients with active tuberculosis are needed. Funding: None.

Fabio Silva, A. Weisskopf, C. Castillo et al.

We model the prehistoric dispersals of two rice varieties, japonica and proto-indica, across Asia using empirical evidence drawn from an archaeobotanical dataset of 400 sites from mainland East, Southeast and South Asia. The approach is based on regression modelling wherein goodness of fit is obtained from log–log quantile regressions of the archaeologically inferred age versus a least-cost distance from the origin(s) of dispersal. The Fast Marching method is used to estimate the least-cost distances based on simple geographical features. We explicitly test three hypotheses for the arrival of japonica rice to India where, it has been proposed, it hybridized with the indigenous proto-indica, subsequently spreading again throughout India. Model selection, based on information criteria, highlights the role of the Inner Asia Mountain Corridor in introducing japonica rice into northeast India, followed closely by a ‘mixed-route’ model, where japonica was also almost simultaneously introduced via Assam, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Finally, we estimate the impact of future archaeological work on model selection, further strengthening the importance of the Inner Asia Mountain Corridor.

Amina Abdullah.

The phenomenon of socio-political-religious life in the Middle East is a complete contrast to the socio-political-religious life in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia and in Malay world in general. The changing of socio-political leadership in Indonesia from the New Order to Reformation Order (1998) is relatively smooth, followed by the violence-free legislative election and the presidential election in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Meanwhile, the changing of socio-political leadership in the Middle East countries (the Arab Spring) are always overshadowed and followed by socio-political conflict and religious violence causing a lot of casualties. Socio-political life of the Muslim commu­nities in Indonesia and in Malay world takes a different path from the Middle Eastern societies, and also form South Asia. Over the leadership transition in Indonesia, which is Islam as the majority, it can be run peacefully without violence and casualties. This paper will review the Indonesian Muslim intellectuals’ contribution—as an integral part of Malay world—to the development of Southeast Asian Islamic thoughts and its contribution in framing moderate-progressive Muslim in Malay world in caring for diversity, inclusion, openness, peace and harmony in the current global world.