Hasil untuk "Social Sciences"

سیاوش قلی پور, جلیل کریمی, حدیث السادات موسوی

این پژوهش به بررسی فرایند اسکان عشایر در مناطق لک نشین می‌پردازد. روش پژوهش توصیفی و تحلیلی است و فنون گردآوری داده بررسی اسناد و مصاحبه است. داده‌ها از طریق سازماندهی داده تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد: لک‌ها در دور قاجار کوچ رو و دارای نظام ایلی بودند. آنان در کوهستان‌های زاگرس میانی و دشت‌های اطراف، ییلاق و قشلاق می‌کردند و به‌عنوان یک نیروی اجتماعی نقش مؤثری در مناسبات سیاسی داشتند. در دوره رضاشاه اصلاحات گوناگونی مانند توسعه کشاورزی، توسعه صنعتی، توسعه راه‌ها، گسترش دیوان‌سالاری و اسکان عشایر در زاگرس میانی انجام گرفت. سهم مناطق لک نشین از این اصلاحات، احداث جاده شوسه خرم‌آباد - هرسین و اسکان عشایر بود که مورد اخیر به نحوی آمرانه و خونبار اجرا شد. این سیاست از سال ۱۳۰۲ شروع و در سال ۱۳۱۲ پایان یافت و سبب زوال شیوۀ زیست کوچ‌روی و تلف‌شدن دام‌‌ها شد. لک‌ها برای درامان‌ماندن از دست نیروهایِ ارتش، به نقاط صعب‌العبور پناه بردند و نوعی فرهنگ مقاومت را بنا نهادند. پس از شهریور ۱۳۲۰ به کوچروی بازگشتند؛ اما کم‌کم متوجه شدند دوران این شیوه از زندگی به سر آمده است. به‌طورکلی اسکان عشایر به همراه جغرافیایی کوهستانیِ مناطق لک نشین سبب «مدرنیزاسیون ناموزون» در زاگرس میانی شد. کردها و لرها در مقایسه با لک‌ها سازگاری بیشتری با شرایط جدید پیدا کردند و در دهه‌های پس از آن وضعیت به‌مراتب بهتری داشتند. از آن زمان تا کنون وضعیت توسعه‌نیافتگی مناطق لک نشین همچنان پایدار مانده است و مهم‌ترین پیامد آن مهاجرفرستی است.

Наталія Пігуль, Надія Дехтяр, Олексій Захаркін

В умовах воєнної невизначеності та економічної дестабілізації особливої актуальності набувають питання ефективного фінансового забезпечення діяльності підприємств як ключового чинника їх стійкості та відновлення. Визначальним є пошук нових інструментів мобілізації фінансових ресурсів, що сприятимуть післявоєнному розвитку економіки України. Метою статті є поглиблення теоретичних засад і узагальнення практичних аспектів фінансового забезпечення функціонування та розвитку підприємств України з урахуванням впливу воєнних ризиків і нестабільності зовнішнього середовища. У роботі використано комплексний науковий підхід, що поєднує теоретичне узагальнення, системний, порівняльний, структурно-динамічний аналіз. Дослідження базується на статистичних даних за 2013–2024 рр., що дало змогу простежити трансформації у складі джерел фінансування підприємств та оцінити ефективність механізмів фінансового забезпечення. Теоретичне значення роботи полягає у систематизації наукових підходів до визначення сутності поняття «фінансове забезпечення підприємства» та запропоновано власне трактування даної категорії як інтегрованої системи організаційно-економічних, правових, фінансово-управлінських і контрольно-аналітичних механізмів. У ході дослідження здійснено оцінювання структури джерел фінансування підприємств України; виявлено домінування короткострокових зобов’язань і недостатність власних та довгострокових ресурсів. Охарактеризовано трансформацію механізму фінансового забезпечення в умовах війни; систематизовано джерела фінансування у довоєнний, воєнний і повоєнний періоди. Обґрунтовано стратегічні напрями підвищення ефективності фінансового забезпечення діяльності суб’єктів господарювання. Оригінальність дослідження визначається інтеграцією макро- і мікрорівневих аспектів фінансового забезпечення та розробленням адаптивного механізму, що враховує особливості воєнної економіки. Практична цінність полягає у можливості використання запропонованих рекомендацій при формуванні фінансових стратегій підприємств. Подальші дослідження доцільно зосередити на кількісному моделюванні впливу державних і міжнародних джерел фінансування на економічне відновлення підприємств.

Adama Ouedraogo, Patrice Ngangue, David Jean Simon et al.

Objective This study estimated the proportion of children aged 12–23 months who were fully vaccinated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), explored geographical disparities across subregions and countries, and identified country-level factors associated with full vaccination (FV).Design Cross-sectional study.Setting SSA.Participants Children aged 12–23 months.Primary outcome FV.Methods Data for this study were extracted from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 34 SSA countries between 2012 and 2023. The study included a total weighted sample of 69 218 children. Univariate analyses were performed to describe the socio-demographic profile of the participants and estimate the proportion of FV and the proportion for each of the eight vaccines (BCG, DTP1, DTP2, DPT3, Polio1, Polio2, Polio3, Measles1) at regional level. Bivariate and spatial analyses were produced to examine existing disparities at regional, subregional and countries’ income levels. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was fitted for identifying country-level factors associated with FV.Results 54.1% (95% CI 53.7% to 54.5%) children aged 12–23 months in SSA were fully vaccinated. In addition, substantial inequalities emerged in FV coverage across countries ranging from 23.9% in Guinea to a high of 95.5% in Rwanda. The same pattern was observed for the eight vaccines. Findings also showed that children of birth order 3 and above, who were delivered at home, had received less than four antenatal visits, from poor households and households with more than 5 members, whose mothers were under 25, had primary education level and below, and had no income-generating activities were less likely to be fully vaccinated.Conclusion To achieve WHO’s global vaccination coverage target of 90% by 2030 in SSA, vaccination programmes must take account of regional, subregional and national inequities. Our findings also underline the need for interventions tailored to each SSA country’s socio-cultural context.Ethical consideration Ethical approval was not required as this is a secondary analysis of publicly available data.

Anelda van der Walt, Kim Martin, Sumir Panji et al.

Carlos Alberto Ferreira Da Silva

Propõe-se apresentar o contexto do IV Encontro de Artes Cênicas e Acessibilidade Cultural: práticas e desaprendizagens, realizado na Universidade Federal do Acre, em 2023. O referido texto apresenta discussões sobre um exemplo de capacitismo, realizado na abertura do evento, buscando, a partir dessa ação, questionar a urgência do Ensino Superior assumir as lacunas presentes na formação; propor uma reestruturação nos currículos dos cursos de Artes, com disciplinas que articulem com o contexto da acessibilidade; viabilizar um letramento no processo de formação. Assim, o texto busca aleijar as estruturas, articulando com pensadores e artistas Defs.

Yoga Adi Pratama, Muhammad Abdul Aris

This study aims to analyze the effects of capital intensity, audit quality, thin capitalization, and gender diversity on tax aggressiveness in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2023. This research adopts a quantitative approach with an associative method, and the sample is selected using purposive sampling based on criteria such as SOEs listed on IDX, financial reports expressed in Indonesian Rupiah, and excluding the banking sector. The dependent variable is tax aggressiveness, measured using the Effective Tax Rate (ETR), while the independent variables are capital intensity, audit quality, thin capitalization, and gender diversity. Data analysis is performed using multiple linear regression and classical assumption tests to ensure the validity of the regression model. The findings indicate that capital intensity, audit quality, thin capitalization, and gender diversity significantly affect tax aggressiveness. This research has limitations, such as the restriction to SOEs and a three-year observation period. Future research is suggested to expand the scope by using the IDX-IC classification and extending the study period, as well as considering additional variables such as firm size and ownership structure.

Mirtha Graciela Villagra-Ferreira, María Lourdes Falcó-de Ayala, Patricia Johanna Cabrera

The objective of this study was to measure the perception of students in the last year of the Economics and Business careers of the Universidad del Norte, about the activities developed as university extension, based on a survey applied randomly to the students of the Central, Itauguá and Caacupé headquarters, during the first semester of the 2022 school year. The work corresponds to an investigation framed in the quantitative paradigm, of a descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional type. In this context, it could be verified that only 23% of the students want to do volunteer work, this is due to the fact that 77% of the students of the last year have a work activity and lack time. Regarding the preferences on the activities offered in the university extension department, they focus on consulting and social service offered to various communities as support for them, followed by participation and support for courses, seminars and congresses, then participation in general cultural activities and, as a last activity, research and scientific publications. Uninorte students from the three campuses stated that they value the activities offered by the institution and consider them an enriching experience that increases the value of the professional profile, which is a way to grow as future professionals and support some communities.

María Morales-Suárez-Varela, Isabel Peraita-Costa, Alfredo Perales-Marín et al.

Gestation is a crucial life stage for both women and offspring, and outcomes are affected by many environmental factors, including diet. The Mediterranean dietary pattern (MD) is considered a healthy eating pattern that can provide the nutritional requirements of pregnancy. Meanwhile, iron deficiency anemia is one of the most frequent complications related to pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate how the level of adherence to the MD influences maternal gestational weight gain and specific iron-related maternal biochemical parameters during the pregnancy. Accordingly, an observational, population-based study using data from pregnant women conducted over the entire course of their pregnancy was carried out. Adherence to the MD was assessed once using the MEDAS score questionnaire. Of the 506 women studied, 116 (22.9%) were classified as demonstrating a high adherence, 277 (54.7%) a medium adherence, and 113 (22.3%) a low adherence to the MD. No differences were observed in gestational weight gain among the MD adherence groups but the adequacy of weight gain did vary among the groups, with the proportions of inadequate (insufficient or excessive) weight gain presenting the most notable differences. Total anemia prevalence was 5.3%, 15.6%, and 12.3%, respectively, during the first, second, and third trimesters. For iron-related biochemical parameters, no differences are observed among the adherence groups during pregnancy. With high adherence to the MD as the reference group, the crude odds of iron deficiency diagnosis are significant in the first trimester for both the medium [OR = 2.99 (1.55–5.75)] and low [OR = 4.39 (2.15–8.96)] adherence groups, with deficient adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern being responsible for 66.5% (35.5–82.6) and 77.2% (53.5–88.8) of the risk of iron deficiency diagnosis for medium and low adherence, respectively. However, adjusted odds ratios were not significant, possibly due to the small sample size. Our data suggest that MD adherence could be related to gestational weight gain adequacy and that optimal adherence could reduce iron deficiency and/or anemia during pregnancy in the studied population.

Eraldo Souza do Carmo

Este artigo tem a finalidade de analisar as implicações da estrutura de financiamento da educação à garantia do direito a educação. Problematizam-se as bases de cálculo para a distribuição de recursos da educação que ainda não são suficientes para superar as desigualdades educacionais regionais, principalmente dos municípios com pouca capacidade de arrecadação. As análises têm como base uma revisão teórica e a legislação educacional no que se refere às bases de financiamento da educação. Denota-se que as estratégias dos governos com a criação dos fundos para realizar a distribuição dos recursos da educação não contribuíram para elevar a qualidade da oferta educacional como tem sido propagado.

Stanisław Wieteska, Anna Celczyńska

In Poland, we have approx. 10,000 fuel stations and fuel depots. Approximately 27 million vehicles registered in Poland and several million vehicles transiting through Poland use the petrol stations. Petrol and LPG stations are very dangerous places with flammable materials. Hence, an important element is the civil liability of employees of petrol stations and fuel and LPG depots. The article presents the scale and types of threats that may occur during the operation of these facilities, and the security elements of this type of place are also discussed. The final part of the article presents the basic elements of liability insurance for petrol operators. The basic elements of this insurance are indicated, such as the scope of the liability, the contribution, the guarantee sum and the problems with settling claims.

Luisa Huaccho Huatuco, Peter D. Ball

Guilherme Borges

Resumo: O presente esforço investigativo visa esquadrinhar discursos reproduzidos pelo episcopado católico em oposição ao lançamento do 3º Programa Nacional de Direitos Humanos (PNDH-3). Ao analisar reações do alto escalão da Igreja, procura-se sondar o repertório que pauta a institucionalidade católica em suas intervenções políticas contemporâneas, que dizem respeito, no mais das vezes, ao campo da moralidade, com especial predileção pela moralidade de cunho sexual. Na trincheira contrária ao PNDH-3, bispos chancelaram seus posicionamentos com o uso de justificativas laicas. Iniciativas episcopais revelaram-se respaldadas por uma gramática fundada no jusnaturalismo e na Constituição. Em suma, adotou-se o repertório dos direitos com a finalidade mesma de cercear direitos.

T. M. Matayev

The relevance of the subject addressed is to a great extent due to the fact that the public-private partnership in the form of a concession creates a substantial added value in the country’s development. Concessions solve national-scale tasks by efforts of private capital. The efficiency of a concession in the solution of tasks set by the state depends on whether the business has long-term interests. The paper analyzes relevant statutory regulations governing the concession agreements, describes the current system of concession bidding in Kazakhstan and brings the domestic experience of concession project implementation to a system. Based on the revealed problem scope, the author proposes ways to enhance the efficiency of concession projects.

Nenny Ika Putri Simarmata, Anissa Lestari Kadiyono, Hendriati Agustiani et al.

This is a preliminary research about job performance on government office in the District of North Sumatera. This research was conducted at 2 regency in North Sumatra, that is Humbahas and Samosir. This study also analyzes the influence of organization climate on job performance. A climate organization and job performance questionnaire were used as measuring instruments with a score between 1 and 4. The respondents were 115 people. Data were analyzed using regression. The results showed that organizational climate had a positive and significant effect on job performance. Researchers also found that the value of Bataknese people which is "wealth, children, honor" (Hamoraon, Hagabeon, Hasangapon - 3H) was used as the philosophy and the ideals of any society from one generation to the Bataknese. The researchers noticed that the this value become a booster to work hard in order to achieve 3H. This might be have a contribution to the increase of job performance specially in government employees’s contextual performance.

Aylin GAZİ, Elvin BODUROĞLU

Social change brings with it new human needs and activities, and in every era humans create and recreate spaces, and hence structures, according to these needs and activities. This means that structures, and their parts, need to undergo change in terms of space and function to adapt to different functionalities and conditions. One understanding of preservation is based on the idea that with a change in function, historical structures which have outlived their original purpose are given new life and once again are made part of the urban landscape. Instances of functional change are most often seen in monumental and historical industrial structures, and in the examples of civil architecture remaining in areas set aside for housing settlements as a result of rapid urbanization. It is important, however, that any functional change made to a historical structure serves to protect the architectural value, meaning and memory of the structure. Alsancak is home to a large number of historical Levantine houses, many of which, following rapid urbanization in the 1970s, have had to change their function to that of bar or café. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the re-functioning on these houses in Alsancak, and to make some recommendations on both the processes involved in re-functioning, and on the current legal regulations governing these processes with a view to ameliorating the negative effects of re-functioning on such structures.

Sylvie Occelli, Alessandro Sciullo

The paper presents the results of an exploratory approach aimed at extending the ranking procedures normally used in studying the socioeconomics determinants of smart growth at the regional level.   Most of these studies adopt a methodological procedure which essentially consists of the following steps: a) identification of the pertinent elementary indicators according to the study objectives; b) data selection and processing; c) combination of the elementary indicators by multivariate statistical techniques aimed at obtaining a robust synthetic index to rank the observation units. In the procedure a relational dimension is mainly subsumed in the system oriented perspective adopted in selecting the indicators which would best represent the system determinants depending on the goals of the analysis (step a).  In order to get deeper insights into the smartness profile of the European regions, this study makes an effort to account of the relational dimension also in steps b and c of the procedure. The novelties of the proposed approach are twofold. First, by computing region-to-region distances associated with the selected indicators it extends the conventional ranking procedure (step c). Second, it uses a relational database (step b), dealing with the regional participation to the FP7-ICT project, to modify the distances and investigate its impact on the interpretation of the regional positioning.  The main results of this exercise seem to suggest that regional collaborations would have a positive role in regional convergence process. By providing an opportunity to get contacts with the areas endowed with a comparatively more robust smartness profile, regions may have a chance to enhance their own smartness profile.

Manuel Martín Rodríguez

Anastasia Ejova, Daniel J. Navarro, Paul H. Delfabbro

The illusion of control refers to the inference of action-outcome contingency in situations where outcomes are in fact random. The strength of this illusion has been found to be affected by whether the frequency of successes increases or decreases over repeated trials, in what can be termed a ``success-slope'' effect. Previous studies have generated inconsistent findings regarding the nature of this effect. In this paper we present an experiment (N = 334) that overcomes several methodological limitations within this literature, employing a wider range of dependent measures (measures of two different types of illusory control, primary (by self) and secondary (by luck), as well as measures of remembered success-frequency). Results indicate that different dependent measures lead to different effects. On measures of (primary, but not secondary) control over the task, scores were highest when the rate of success increased over time. Meanwhile, estimates of success-frequency in the task did not vary across conditions and showed trends consistent with the broader literature on human memory.

Marcelo Bentes Diniz, José Nilo de Oliveira Junior, Nicolino Trompieri Neto et al.

Many are the factors indicated by the pertinent literature concerning the causes of deforestation in Brazilian Legal Amazon. From endogenous aspects as the edafo-climatic conditions to aspects related to anthropic action, like the population movements, urban growth, and especially, the independent or induced actions of the different public and private economic agents who have acted in the region, historically configuring the processes of occupation of the land and economic exploitation of the Amazonian region. The objective of this article is to perform a causality test, in the Granger sense, in the main variables suggested as important that explain the deforestation of the Legal Amazon, in the period from 1997 to 2006. The methodology to be used is based on dynamic models for the panel data, developed by Holtz-Eakin et al. (1988) and Arellano-Bond (1991) who developed a causality test based on the seminal article of Granger (1969). Among the main results found is the empirical evidence that there is a bidirectional causality between deforestation and the areas of permanent and temporary cultures, as well as the size of the cattle herd.

Delia Mercedes Herrera Travieso

El indetenible progreso científico- técnico ha posibilitado que el poder humano sobre la naturaleza se incremente y cree una situación explosiva en la interacción entre el hombre, la sociedad y la naturaleza. Con un enfoque dialéctico materialista, en el presente trabajo se describe el avance histórico de la ciencia y la tecnología, la interrelación sociedad- naturaleza, la salud ambiental en su contexto histórico y los requerimientos básicos para un ambiente saludable<br>The unstoppable scientific progress has facilitated that the human power on the nature increase and creates an explosive situation in the interaction among the man, the society and the nature. With a materialistic dialectical focus this work describes the historical advance of science and technology, the interrelation society - nature, the environmental health in its historical context and the basic requirements for a healthy atmosphere.