This study aims to determine examining the role of celebrity endorsers, product quality, and brand image in influencing purchase decisions on Azarine Cosmetic X Red Velvet in Denpasar. This is a quantitative study with a descriptive approach. The population of this research includes users of Azarine Cosmetic products from four sub-districts in Denpasar City: West Denpasar, East Denpasar, North Denpasar, and South Denpasar. The sample was taken using purposive sampling technique, with a total of 175 respondents. Measurement of variable indicators was conducted using a Likert Scale (1-5), with five levels of response preference. The independent variables in this study are celebrity endorsers, product quality, and brand image, while the dependent variable is purchase decision. This research employed a field study method by distributing online questionnaires via Google Form. Data analysis was conducted using Smart-PLS 3.0 statistical software. The results of the study show that: Celebrity endorsers significant influence on purchase decisions of Azarine Cosmetic X Red Velvet. Product quality significant influences on purchase decisions of Azarine Cosmetic X Red Velvet. Brand image significant influences on purchase decisions of Azarine Cosmetic X Red Velvet.
Cryptocurrency is gaining worldwide recognition. This research examines the psychological determining factors of consumers’ cryptocurrency adoption behavior based on the theory of planned behavior. 452 samples are collected from U.S consumers and the data are analyzed by PLS-SEM. The findings reveal that consumer innovativeness has positive influences on the attitude and perceived behavioral control for cryptocurrency and in turn affects the intention to use cryptocurrency. Subjective norm is a significant predictor of cryptocurrency intention and the LOHAS lifestyle moderates the influence of attitude on the intention. This research offers theoretical and practical implications for the cryptocurrency market.
Sara Herrada-Lores, M. Ángeles Iniesta-Bonillo, Antonia Estrella-Ramón
Purpose – Websites are the most important element of company strategy in the digital space. Therefore, establishing strategic management of online business is essential to improve firm connectedness and competitiveness and to achieve global company reach. This paper aims to propose the analysis of technical and content quality of websites to identify the main weaknesses and strengths of online business. Design/methodology/approach – An innovative measurement instrument called IWebQEI is designed to measure web quality level. This instrument is validated with data from 104 international companies. The results are used to verify whether there are quality differences between informative and e-commerce websites. Findings – The main findings indicate that e-commerce websites achieve greater levels of technical and content quality than informative sites, and companies implementing e-commerce pay more attention to the content quality dimension. In contrast, companies using an informative website are more focused on the technical quality dimension. Based on these results, practical insights are offered to improve the strategic management of e-commerce. Originality/value – Few studies have focused on analysing the technical and content quality of websites to identify the main weaknesses and strengths of online business. The results offer important theoretical and practical contributions for companies on how to manage their website to improve firm connectivity and competitiveness. Debilidades y fortalezas de los sitios web de marketing online Propósito – Los sitios web son el elemento más importante de la estrategia digital de la compañia. Una gestión estratégica del negocio online es esencial para mejorar su conectividad, competitividad y para conseguir su alcance global. Este trabajo propone el análisis de la calidad técnica y de contenido de sitios web para identificar las principales debilidades y fortalezas del negocio online. Metodología – Para medir el nivel de calidad web, se ha diseñado un innovador instrumento de medición, denominado IWebQEI. Este instrumento se valida con datos de 104 empresas internacionales. Los resultados se utilizan para comprobar si existen diferencias de calidad entre las webs informativas y los e-commerce. Resultados – Las resultados indican que los e-commerce alcanzan mayores niveles de calidad técnica y de contenido que las webs informativas, y las empresas que implementan un e-commerce prestan más atención a la calidad de contenido. En cambio, las empresas que implementan una web informativa se centran más en la calidad técnica. A partir de estos resultados se ofrecen ideas prácticas para mejorar la gestión estratégica del e-commerce. Originalidad – Pocos estudios analizan la calidad técnica y de contenido de los sitios web para identificar las principales debilidades y fortalezas del negocio online. Los resultados ofrecen importantes contribuciones teóricas y prácticas sobre cómo gestionar los sitios web para mejorar la conectividad y la competitividad de la compañia. 网络营销网站的弱点和优势 目的 – 企业网站是公司在数字空间中战略的最重要元素。因此, 建立在线业务本身的战略管理对于提高公司的连通性和竞争力以及实现公司的全球影响力至关重要。本文提出对企业网站的技术和内容质量进行分析, 以确定在线业务的主要弱点和优势。 设计/方法/途径 – 设计了一个创新的测量仪器, 称为IWebQEI, 用于测量网络质量水平。该仪器通过104家国际公司的数据进行验证。结果被用于检查信息网站和电子商务网站之间是否存在质量差异。 研究结果 – 主要研究结果表明, 总体而言, 电子商务网站的技术质量和内容质量水平高于信息类网站, 实施电子商务的公司更注重内容质量维度。相比之下, 实施信息型网站的公司则更注重技术质量维度。基于这些结果, 为改进电子商务的战略管理提供了实际的见解。 原创性 – 以前的研究很少关注分析企业网站的技术和内容质量, 以确定在线业务的主要弱点和优势。研究结果为企业提供了重要的理论和实践贡献, 即如何管理企业网站以提高公司的连通性和竞争力。
The development level of any country depends on the volume of revenue realised for the infrastructure
provisions. For decades ago, local resource mobilization issue has enticed significant attention in
Sub-Sahara countries in Africa due to paucity of income generated. The aim of this study is to examine
the effect of CIT revenue on the growth of Sub-Sahara counties in Africa. Data from ten Sub-Sahara
countries which comprised of Nigeria, Liberia, Sierra Leon, Ghana, South Africa, Senegal, Benin, Burkina-
Faso, Guinea and Mali were employed from year 2000 to 2019. However, the data were sourced
majorly from World Development Indicator (WDI) and analyzed using Panel data analysis and ARDL.
Based on our findings, the Coefficients of all the variables, especially CIT are negative and insignificant,
this goes to validate the speed of adjustment of 1.8% (coefficient of -1.86124), meaning that 1% change
in CIT absolutely bring down GDP by 1.8% in the long run but in the short run, 1% change in CIT logically
bring down GDP by 0.5% (coefficient of 0.596384). Conclusively, company income tax revenue
negatively affected the growth of Sub-Sahara countries in Africa over the period of study both in the short
and long run. It is recommended that fiscal authorities of respective countries should create database
mechanism which will expose annual chargeable profit and tax payable for each company in order to
eschew CIT evasion in the country. Regulatory authorities saddled with the monopolistic responsibility
of tax collection should be empowered to impose compliance on CIT payers which will upsurge CIT
revenue enormously. Lastly, CIT tax collected should be appropriately dispersed to breed growth of
economy for effective compliance of taxpayers.
Key words: Sub-Sahara, Countries, CIT, Growth, ARDL, Revenue.
Economics as a science, Marketing. Distribution of products
Indrawati Indrawati, Gadang Ramantoko, Tri Widarmanti
et al.
Purpose – The study aims to analyze the influence of hedonic, utilitarian, and self-esteem motivations on online shopping behavior. Likewise, the mediating role of impulsive shopping and shopping intentions is also analyzed. Design/methodology/approach – The study was carried out with the results of a survey in which 450 respondents participated, and the data was analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SmartPLS 3.0 software). Findings – All the hypothesized links were significant and positive except for the relationship of self-esteem motive with impulsive shopping tendency, which was negative as hypothesized. Moreover, hedonic motive had a strong positive impact on impulsive shopping tendency, whereas, in contrast, utilitarian motive had a strong positive impact on shopping intentions. Practical implications – Managers should focus on functional value rather than emotional value to attract customers who tend to be utilitarian. In contrast, for customers who tend to be hedonic, the product offerings should be visually appealing, stimulating and inspiring, as well as have emotional value. Originality/value – This study investigates the roles of self-esteem and hedonic motives in impulsive shopping behavior. Moreover, by using the theory of planned behavior, this study highlights the roles of hedonic and utilitarian motives in attitude toward engaging in online shopping. Motivos utilitarios, hedónicos y de austoestima en las compras en línea Propósito – El estudio pretende analizar la influencia de las motivaciones hedónicas y utilitarias y la autoestima en el comportamiento de compra online. Asimismo, se analiza el papel mediador de la compra impulsiva y la intención de compra. Metodología – El estudio se realizó con los resultados de una encuesta en la que participaron 450 encuestados y los datos se analizaron mediante el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (software Smart PLS 3.0). Resultados – Todos los vínculos planteados como hipótesis fueron significativos y positivos, excepto la relación del motivo autoestima con la tendencia a la compra impulsiva, que fue negativa según la hipótesis. Además, el motivo hedónico tuvo un fuerte impacto positivo en la tendencia de compra impulsiva, mientras que, por el contrario, el motivo utilitario tuvo un fuerte impacto positivo en las intenciones de compra. Originalidad – Este estudio investiga el papel de la autoestima y los motivos hedónicos en la conducta de compra impulsiva. Además, al emplear la teoría del comportamiento planificado, este estudio pone de relieve el papel de los motivos hedónicos y utilitarios en la actitud hacia la realización de compras en línea. Implicaciones – Los directivos deberían centrarse en el valor funcional más que en el valor emocional para atraer a los clientes que tienden a ser utilitarios. En cambio, para los clientes que tienden a ser hedónicos, las ofertas de productos deben ser visualmente atractivas, estimulantes e inspiradoras, además de tener valor emocional. 功利动机、享乐动机、和自尊动机在网上购物中的作用 目的 – 本研究旨在分析享乐动机和功利动机以及自尊心对网上购物行为的影响。 而且, 本文也分析了冲动性购物和购物意向在其中的中介作用。 方法 – 本研究采用了由450名受访者参与的调查结果, 并使用结构方程模型（Smart PLS 3.0软件）对数据进行了分析。 研究结果 – 除自尊动机与冲动性购物符合假设所提议的负相关倾向外, 其他所有关系均为显著正相关。此外, 享乐动机对冲动性购物倾向有较强的正向影响, 而功利动机则对购物意向有较强的正向影响。 原创性 – 本研究调查了自尊和享乐动机在冲动性购物行为中的作用。此外, 通过采用计划行为理论, 本研究强调了享乐和功利动机在对参与网上购物态度中的作用。 意义 – 管理者应该关注功能价值而不是情感价值, 以吸引那些倾向于功利主义的顾客。相反, 对于倾向于享乐主义的顾客, 产品应该具有视觉吸引力、刺激性和启发性, 并具有情感价值。
The main concern of municipalities is the realization of sustainable revenues. Organizations affiliated with municipalities should play a role in generating revenue by defining specialized tasks while assisting municipal tasks. Tabriz Municipality Waste Management Organization seeks to achieve this by defining its strategies and goals. The organization has implemented various projects to generate revenue from recycled products. Poor planning and failure to fully outsource are among the obstacles of this organization. Therefore, marketing of recycled products is an important project. Lack of careful planning in this regard, marketing costs and weakness of private sector investment projects are the most important obstacles facing the organization. This article has determined the degree of homogeneity of waste organization projects in the marketing of recycled products with a fuzzy clustering approach and according to the opinions of experts. The results show that some of the organization's projects lack value. Instead, some projects, such as the construction of a recycling town with a variety of recycled products, renewable energy recycling, and plastic recycling with a variety of products, have similar features in the product mix marketing element, and this can reduce marketing costs and Focus on such projects.
Purpose. Conducting projects to improve a company’s business processes is of utmost importance in all industries and countries. Many companies have installed specific organizational units to develop guidelines for process design, to document and maintain of these processes, and to further increase the processes’ efficiency. Although these enterprises continually work on improving their processes, they often struggle to answer the question on the current status of the maturity of their processes. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to characterize the methodology, applicability, pitfalls and benefits of analyzing the maturity of processes.
Design/Method/Approach. This work is based on mixed-methods research recently conducted in a medium-sized German bank.
Findings. The paper defined the benefits of measuring the level of maturity of the company’s processes clearly. This work identified the substantial theoretical drawbacks, such as, for example, the lack of considering of process innovation in the extant models of process maturity.
Limitations. Naturally, a research limitation is the analysis of a specific company in the financial services sector.
Theoretical implications. From a theoretical point of view it is critical to choose the appropriate model out of a variety of available process maturity models. In fact, the selection of the model influences the data, the subsequent interpretation of these data, and the conclusions to be drawn for the company.
Originality/Value. The paper is novel as it presents–based on empirical data–the measurement of process maturity including the derivation of implications from both an academic and a practical perspective. In addition, the impact of process maturity on perceived process performance could be shown.
Paper type – empirical.
Цель исследования – проанализировать современные тенденции международного рынка услуг по управлению финансовыми инвестициями и частным капиталом и охарактеризовать влияние цифровых технологий на развитие инвестиционного рынка.
Результаты. Исследована экономическая сущность понятия «управление частным капиталом» и последствия воздействия на него цифровых инноваций. Рассмотрена проблема наметившейся тенденции снижения темпов роста активов, находящихся под управлением финансовых учреждений. Определена специфика украинского рынка услуг по управлению частным капиталом. На основе проведенного анализа выявлены направления дальнейшего развития международного рынка услуг по управлению финансовыми инвестициями и частным капиталом в среднесрочной перспективе.
Теоретическое значение исследования. Изученные в работе вопросы способствуют ускорению решения проблем о влиянии цифровых технологий на международный рынок услуг по управлению финансовыми инвестициями и частным капиталом и интеграции цифровых технологий в инвестиционные рынки.
Оригинальность/ценность исследований. Отличительной особенностью настоящей работы является обилие фактического материала о результатах работы крупнейших мировых финансовых институтов – лидеров в отрасли услуг по управлению финансовыми инвестициями и частным капиталом.
Перспективы дальнейших исследований. Настоящая работа открывает возможность дальнейших исследований в области влияния цифровых технологий на международный рынок услуг по управлению финансовыми инвестициями и частным капиталом и сопоставления результатов исследований с фактическими данными о работе финансовых институтов.
Тип статьи – эмпирическая.
Purpose – The aim of this paper is to provide an exploratory review of the interpretations of the concept of sustainability amongst the UK’s leading food and drinks wholesalers, as revealed by the sustainability agendas and achievements reported on their corporate websites.
Design/Methodology/Approach – The paper begins with short introductions to sustainability, corporate sustainability and sustainability reporting, and food and drinks wholesaling within the UK. The empirical material for the paper is drawn from reports and information posted on the leading food and drinks wholesalers’ corporate websites.
Findings and implications – There are marked variations in the extent to which the UK’s leading food and drinks wholesalers reported and provided information on their sustainability agendas and achievements. These agendas and achievements embraced a wide range of environmental, social and economic issues, but the reporting process had a number of weaknesses that undermined its transparency and credibility. The authors also argue that the leading food and drinks wholesalers’ definitions of, and commitments to, sustainability are principally driven by business imperatives as by any fundamental concern to maintain the viability and integrity of natural and social capital.
Limitations – The paper is a preliminary review of the sustainability agendas and achievements publicly reported by the UK’s leading food and drinks wholesalers.
Originality – Within the food and drinks supply chain, wholesalers have a pivotal role at the interface between producers, manufacturers, retail and service providers, and as such they can play in promoting sustainability. However, the role of the UK’s wholesale sector in addressing sustainability has received scant attention in the academic literature, so this paper will interest academics and students in business management and marketing.
Being one of the biggest and most successful players in the chocolate business, there
is no way around the topic of responsibility for Ferrero. Carlo Vassallo, CEO of
Ferrero Germany, tells us how the company sources raw products like cocoa beans
and hazelnuts. He discusses the highly contested topic of palm oil and the difficulties
of marketing chocolate in times of increasing obesity. Ferrero’s CSR record and
approach to managing stakeholder relations are impressive. We are confident that
you will enjoy your Nutella sandwich even more after having read this interview.
Oswald A. J. Mascarenhas, Ram Kesavan, Michael D. Bernacchi
Any credible agenda that seeks to eradicate global poverty must seek to correct the structural injustices and inequities that cause and perpetuate desperate endemic poverty. Such an agenda must aim not merely to aid the poor with grants, welfare and subsidies, but it must primarily seek to enhance the capabilities, skills, access and opportunities of the marginalized to participate on more equitable terms, in the dynamic process of overall economic growth. We apply a systems approach to poverty, the latter itself being a pernicious system. Eradication of global desperate poverty and its unjust structural causes can be done through two concurrent systems-thinking based strategies: (a) micro catalytic social entrepreneurship that leads to catalytic innovations that alleviate poverty, and (b) macro social catalytic political entrepreneurship that radically innovates legislation or designs macro-policy intervention systems that can effectively dismantle existing unjust structures of social injustice and inequities – the causes that perpetuate endemic global poverty. Using the theories of catalytic innovations and the bottom of the pyramid, we focus on solution (a) as being feasible, viable and doable and in the long run having the potential for eradicating global desperate poverty. We also provide two case studies where solution (b) was effectively implemented. The main proposition of the paper is that the use of both micro- and macro- catalyst can help alleviate poverty in the world.
Keywords: Micro catalyst, macro catalyst, global poverty, system approach, catalytic innovation, macro-policy intervention.
Management. Industrial management, Marketing. Distribution of products
Le marketing relationnel a connu dernièrement un intérêt croissant des recherches académiques reflétant le besoin des entreprises à instaurer, sur le long terme, des relations crédibles et durables entre les clients et les fournisseurs. Les valeurs éthiques de l’entreprise constituent une base pour l’instauration de ces relations,le maintien et l’amélioration de la performance.Dans ce cadre, et à partir d’une analyse de la littérature existante, on va essayer d’établir les liens existants entre le marketing relationnel et les valeurs éthiques ainsi que, de déterminer l’impact de ces synergies sur la performance. A cet effet, on va recourir aux concepts d’engagement, confiance, satisfaction et communication comme des variables de médiation entre le marketing relationnel éthique et la performance des entreprises marocaines. L’objectif ultime de ce travail est de construire un modèle conceptuel des éventuels liens entre ces concepts clés, et d’élaborer par conséquent, des hypothèses pouvant être testé dans le contexte marocain
Management. Industrial management, Marketing. Distribution of products
Na mocy Traktatu Rzymskiego ustanowiona została Wspólna Polityka Rolna (WPR). W Traktacie określone zostały jej cele i zasady. W trakcie tworzenia WPR dokonano jej podziału na: politykę rynkową i strukturalną. Źródłami finansowania tej polityki były fundusze: EFOGR, EFS i EFRR. W wyniku konsekwentnie prowadzonej WPR poprawie uległa w EWG struktura agrarna, zmalało zatrudnienie w rolnictwie, wzrosła produkcja rolna i jej intensywność, zapewniona została także samowystarczalność EWG w zakresie większości artykułów żywnościowych. Wraz jednak ze wzrostem produkcji rolnej powiększały się w magazynach zapasy, których eksport warunkowany był wydatkowaniem z budżetu EWG coraz większych kwot na subsydia. W konsekwencji w szybkim tempie zaczęły wzrastać wydatki z budżetu na finansowanie tej polityki. Niezbędna stała się reforma WPR, którą wdrożono w 1986 roku. Wprowadzone modyfikacje WPR nie przyniosły jednak spodziewanych rezultatów. Od tego czasu polityka ta była jeszcze kilkakrotnie reformowana.
The purpose of this research is to develop a measurement scale for evaluating the implementation level of the concept of social responsibility in taking marketing decisions, in accordance with a paradigm of the quality-of-life marketing. A new scale of "socially responsible marketing decisions" has been formed and its content validity, reliability and dimensionality have been analyzed. The scale has been tested on a sample of the most successful Croatian firms. The research results lead us to conclude that the scale has satisfactory psychometric characteristics but that it is necessary to improve it by generating new items and by testing it on a greater number of samples.
This work is first of all part of authors' initiated thinking in which in a certain way they try to promote the idea and need to accept and develop the concept of human resources management by marketing managers. This work's subject matter deals with human resources evaluation in a marketing organization as an important and certain element of this management. A new approach with critical reference to the present state of theory and practice is explained, new solutions are offered and thorough, almost radical changes and turnarounds are supported. Marketing managers mostly reluctantly accept the evaluation system for their employees. They often say that this is not their basic job, that it unnecessarily and absurdly puts a burden on them, that it takes their time, or they think however that their goal is to increase sales, to extend the existing and enter new markets, to improve the relationship with buyers and consumers etc. Evaluation enables employees to understand clearly what they are expected and how their results will be evaluated. Each member of the organization wants to know and have feedback about his or her work. This assessment of his or her work is a basis for rewarding, job security, career development, promotion in the organization, improvement and professional training etc. Evaluation is not in the least easy and simple work. On the contrary, It is a matter of a very complicated work followed by many difficulties and different restrictions in practice. It is a fact that great part of failure and poor system lies in an approach systematically incomplete and taken for granted. The authors gave a thorough review of basic restrictions and difficulties that should be count on when evaluating the employees. They come from the evaluators themselves (marketing managers), unelaborated evaluation methodology, as well as insufficient and late information as a base for evaluation. Marketing managers efficiency evaluation is focused through general and special standards. Among the general there are: marketing manager's primary abilities and character traits, his or her organizational abilities and skills, and through the success of a marketing organization. Among the special standards there are: market and demand, sales, production Programme, prices, distribution and organization's marketing. In its second part this work thematically treats sales representatives evaluation. In order to approach this matter, the authors tried to define the concept and contents which make a sales representative successful by quoting Denny. Afterwards information needed for evaluation are considered, and then a complex model for sales representatives evaluation is offered. In this model sixteen evaluation parameters are pointed out. The authors point to complexity, difficulties, lack of clarity and dilemmas they have only opened with this work. Ideas about the need for other marketing experts evaluation still remain open. At the end they made a conclusion that with this work they only tried to open a field inside the marketing organization management, which is very wide and insufficiently known as well as researched. Being such, it demands some new, future exploring. .
Podstawowym czynnikiem wspierającym sprawną absorpcję środków UE przez beneficjentów z regionu Podkarpacia powinno być wzmocnienie kadrowe służb, w tym przygotowanie merytoryczne pracowników, którzy uczestniczą we wdrażaniu polityki regionalnej i spójności z wykorzystaniem instrumentów finansowych UE. Najważniejszym zadaniem do wdrożenia przez samorządową administrację regionalną i lokalną w woj. Podkarpackim w okresie 2007 - 2013, a związanym z funkcjonowaniem tego regionu w strukturach Wspólnoty Europejskiej jest osiągnięcie sprawności instytucjonalnej przez wszystkie podmioty administracyjne oraz instytucje wspierające rozwój regionu. Konkretnie, chodzi o stworzenie systemu struktur organizacyjnych, wzrost zatrudnienia, opracowanie procedur wdrażania instrumentów strukturalnych przez wszystkie instytucje zaangażowane w realizację polityki strukturalnej UE w regionie. Brak umiejętności opracowywania wymaganych procedurami UE dokumentów dotyczących wnioskowania, a następnie wywiązywania się z warunków umów o dofinansowanie projektów inwestycyjnych to podstawowa bariera w rozdysponowaniu środków z budżetu UE. Badania ankietowe potwierdzały niski poziom przygotowania administracji samorządowej szczebla lokalnego do realizacji zadań wynikających z członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej. Potwierdzeniem braku merytorycznego przygotowania pracowników zatrudnionych w samorządach w zakresie wiedzy i umiejętności zapewniającej realizację zadań wynikających z członkostwa Polski w Unii było w niewielkim zakresie uczestnictwo w dodatkowych formach dokształcania (m.in. studiach podyplomowych, egzaminach certyfikujących). Ze 160 jednostek samorządowych gmin funkcjonujących w województwie podkarpackim, tylko w 10 jednostkach samorządowych zatrudnieni pracownicy podnosili swoje kwalifikacje w zakresie problematyki UE. W niewielkim zakresie przygotowane zostały struktury organizacyjne i kadrowe jednostek samorządowych, tylko w 12 samorządach gmin (8% badanych) zostały wyodrębnione komórki organizacyjne zajmujące się problematyką pozyskiwania i zarządzania środkami UE. Materiał empiryczny wskazuje, że w województwie podkarpackim istnieje duża ilość i różnorodność instytucji wspierających rozwój regionu, a zakres świadczonych przez nich usług jest wielokierunkowy. Uniwersalność w świadczeniu usług i dostosowywaniu ich do potrzeb odbiorców nie idzie w parze z jakością. Potwierdziły to wyniki badań ankietowych, tj. potencjalni odbiorcy nisko oceniali przede wszystkim jakość usług szkoleniowo-doradczych, a także zakres tej oferty skierowanej do odbiorców z uwzględnieniem polityki rozwoju regionu. Oferta szkoleniowa, doradcza i informacyjna nie zawsze dostosowana była do potrzeb konkretnych podmiotów. Większość oferowanych informacji miała charakter ogólny, a usługi specjalistyczne zbyt wysoko były wyceniane. Podkarpacie posiada duży potencjał instytucjonalny w zakresie wspierania rozwoju regionalnego, dorównujący do województwa małopolskiego o wyższym poziomie rozwoju gospodarczego. Potencjał ten nie w pełni jest wykorzystywany w odniesieniu do kierunków 200 rozwoju regionu, określonych w przyjętej strategii rozwoju oraz w innych dokumentach programowych Podkarpacia.