The social transformations occurring in today's world, particularly regarding the economic and social status of women, have turned their celibacy into a significant challenge. This qualitative study explores the celibacy in girls in Gachsaran. The target group consists of single girls aged 40 and above, who were selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were used for data collection. The grounded theory method based on the Corbin and Strauss model was employed to analyze the data. The collected data were coded in terms of open, axial, and selective coding. Based on the results of data analysis, 15 main categories were identified. These categories include internal turbulence, conflicting social network, concerns within the family, and intellectual challenges as “causal conditions”. The “intervening conditions” were found to be gaining social status and gaining economic status, while the “context conditions” included the rampancy of misandry among women in society, the dominance of traditional family norms, and economic barriers. “The strategies” to cope with these challenges were preoccupation, suppression of needs, and spirituality. Finally, “the consequences” of these challenges were the distortion of social relationships, individual morale, and personal and economic success. “Celibacy as a pervasive female challenge” emerged as the “core category” in this research. In fact, girls turn to education and career to fill the void in their lives but it is in conflict with the expectations of people around them in a traditional atmosphere, which in turn, creates a paradoxical experience of reconsidering and redefining gender roles.
Extended Abstract
Introduction:
Throughout history and across all human societies, the “Commonality of Marriage” constituted a foundational norm, wherein individuals, upon reaching biological and social maturity, invariably proceeded to marry and establish a family unit. The advent of the Industrial Revolution instigated profound transformations within the institution of the family. The family structure shifted from “Extended” to “Nuclear,” marriage evolved from a “Prescribed/Arranged” arrangement to one “Based on Love,” the role of “Women” was radically altered, and the “Divorce Rate” began to escalate. Nevertheless, another striking phenomenon has emerged: celibacy. While this phenomenon applies to both genders, given that women lose their reproductive capacity around the age of 40, it is posited that women remaining unmarried by this age may exhibit no future inclination towards marriage. Consequently, the pattern of celibacy is predominantly discussed as a significant social issue concerning women. Current societal transformations, particularly changes in the economic and social status of women, have rendered female singlehood a critical challenge. On one hand, the Iranian woman is symbolically recognized as the epitome of devotion to her spouse and offspring, while on the other hand, women’s pursuit of individual advancement and the construction of new identities increasingly distances them from these traditional institutions. Although the topic of celibacy has received some scholarly attention in large metropolitan areas, it presents distinct dimensions in smaller cities with more traditional contexts, which have been relatively overlooked. This research focuses on singlehood in Gachsaran. Located in the Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Gachsaran not only supplies 25% of the nation’s exported oil but also possesses a complex social fabric. This complexity stems from its multi-ethnic composition (comprising Persian, Lur, and Turk populations) where the residues of the dominant tribal-nomadic system intermingle with the influx of labor migrants employed in the petrochemical industry. Since “celibacy” introduces ambiguities within this society characterized by a dualistic traditional-modern context, the present study seeks to investigate the following research questions: 1) What are the causal, contextual, and intervening conditions leading to the singlehood of women in Gachsaran? 2) What experiences do single women report regarding their unmarried lives? 3) What are the agency and interaction strategies employed by these women in response to their single status? 4) What are the consequences of singlehood for these women?
2. Methodology
Given that the present study seeks to understand the conditions and consequences of singlehood life among women in the target community, it employs a Qualitative Research Method and the Grounded Theory Approach (GTA) to examine this phenomenon. The research participants were single women aged 40 and above residing in Gachsaran. A total of 13 eligible individuals were selected via Purposive Sampling until Theoretical Saturation was achieved. Data collection was carried out through In-depth Semi-Structured Interviews. For data analysis, the Grounded Theory method, specifically the Strauss and Corbin Paradigmatic Model with its Open, Axial, and Selective Coding strategies, was utilized. To ensure the Trustworthiness and reliability of the research, after the initial analysis, selected interviewees were re-engaged in discussion about the concepts derived from their interviews to confirm the researchers’ accurate understanding of their statements.
3. Findings
Employing the Strauss and Corbin Paradigmatic Model, the Causal, Intervening, and Contextual Conditions, alongside the Action/Interaction Strategies and Consequences related to women’s singlehood life, were extracted from the interviews. The data analysis resulted in the identification of 15 core categories. The categories of psychological distress, conflicting network of relationship, Intra-family Concerns, and mental challenges were discovered as “causal Conditions.” In this process, fear, feelings of doubt, and specific attitudes lead the individual toward preferring singlehood, resulting in a negative perception of marriage, especially since they have reached a state of social distrust towards the opposite sex within their social relations. These conditions, combined with internal family issues, dissuade them from marrying. Subsequently, acquisition of social status and acquisition of economic status were categorized as “intervening conditions.” This shows that women’s pursuit of education and skills unintentionally leads to the postponement of marriage. Furthermore, the prevalence of misandry in the social environment, the dominance of traditional norms within the family, and economic barriers were considered “contextual conditions.” The prevalence and persistence of traditional norms in some families narrow the scope for their daughters’ marriage, often rooted in high-tension situations such as domestic violence, poverty, parental divorce, or rigid traditional beliefs. Moreover, the prevalence of misandry in society creates an unfavorable social context where flawed marriage patterns are common, fostering women’s pessimism toward men. The categories of engagement, suppression of needs, and spiritualism were extracted as “Strategies.” Finally, disruption of social relationships, impairment of individual spirit, and individual and economic success were identified as “consequences.” The core category of the present research was identified as “celibacy as a female comprehensive challenge.”
4. Conclusion
The ultimate finding of this research is that women resort to academic and occupational activities to fill the vacuum in their lives. However, this action conflicts with the expectations of those around them within a traditional environment, which in turn leads to the experience of a Paradox of reflexivity and reproduction of gender roles. This paradox has transformed singlehood life into a pervasive challenge with economic, social, and psychological dimensions. Amidst comprehensive social changes in a developing Iranian society—where modernity has entered and created economic and social opportunities for women’s participation—daughters are engaging in reflexivity. In this space, they reflect on their situation regarding the possibility of greater freedom, fluidity in social relationships and interactions with the opposite sex, and a preference for economic and social advancements. However, this is only one side of the coin. In a society where traditional culture governs the family and the psyche of a daughter, proportionate to the volume of her gendered socialization as a female, the reproduction of gender stereotypes also remains potent, defining the other side of the singlehood coin. This other side indicates that the dreams and aspirations of youth may not always be desirable. Indeed, singlehood, which doubles the difficulties due to their womanhood, ranges from the social stigmas they encounter to the effort to achieve success as a replacement to compensate for loneliness and lack of social support. It is under these conditions that, in the view of Berzonsky, the “confused identity style” can be deemed appropriate for the status and state of these women. As such, daydreaming about an unknown future leads to feelings of loneliness and regret, making social and economic success the only consolation—a consolation that cannot soothe their weary souls.
The common wealth in China must benefit everyone, and inhabitants of traditional villages should be included in this process. Owing to historical, social, and natural environmental factors, most traditional villages in China have a poor starting point for development. They are relatively economically backward, making the question of shared prosperity even more complex, arduous, and time-consuming. Rural tourism plays a key role in promoting rural economic development, optimizing industrial structure, fostering social progress, and achieving rural revitalization. It is critical in reviving rural economies, preserving and inheriting rural cultural heritage, fostering rural modernization and change, and helping local communities to increase their income and become wealthy. Although academics have recognized the importance of integrating traditional village cultural resources into tourism with the goal of creating common wealth, most have examined traditional village culture and tourism integration strategies while ignoring the impact of social embeddedness on traditional village tourism development. The central question of how to transform the low-market traditional cultural resources generated by the embedded environment into a sustainable development force for the revitalization of rural distinctive industries needs to be addressed. However, existing research has not investigated the endogenous causes of low integration of village culture and tourism, ignoring the impact of social relations on economic activities; second, there has been insufficient attention paid to how to adapt to local social rules during the integration of culture and tourism. Therefore, this paper employs the case study method to study the traditional festivals of Huanggang Dong Village in Qiandongnan, Guizhou Province, to explain two questions: one is the root cause of the non-economic behaviors of villagers in traditional villages under the structure of 'embeddedness' in the integration of culture and tourism, and secondly, whether the endogenous forces under the context of 'embeddedness' can achieve the marketization of tourism development. The main findings of this paper are that Huanggang Dong Village inhabitants' economic behavior in traditional festivals is influenced by multiple embeddedness; structural and institutional embedding affect residents' non-economic behavior, whereas cultural and cognitive embedding influence residents' non-economic behavior. Overall, the conflict of multiple embeddedness impacts the effectiveness of the cultural and tourism integration project, as well as the realization of common prosperity for the people. The main contribution of this paper is to empirically demonstrate the importance of multiple embeddedness in terms of providing local resources for cultural and tourism integration, paving the way for the development of a collaborative economy, and empowering community participation. Moreover, this paper makes recommendations for local governments to consider the social and local nature of the villages in which they are located, to update the village value and target orientation, and to shift from market-driven economic growth to the presence of social human values and practical needs. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider how to employ internal and external forces in the holistic development of traditional villages, as well as to set 'common prosperity' as the ultimate goal of cooperative action, to fully exploit the advantage of 'embeddedness.'
Thandavamoorthy Raja, Arpit Arora, Chintan Patel
et al.
The increasing demand for environmentally friendly materials has driven significant research into natural fibers as viable alternatives for various industrial applications. This study explores the potential of Lawsonia inermis stem fibers for sustainable use, focusing on their antibacterial, structural, and mechanical properties. Antibacterial assessments against Escherichia coli demonstrated notable antimicrobial efficacy, with inhibition zones of 20 mm and 18 mm at concentrations of 100 µg and 50 µg, respectively. Structural analysis via X-ray diffraction revealed a Crystallinity Index of 45 %, indicating a semi-crystalline nature that influences fiber rigidity and flexibility. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of key biopolymers, with characteristic peaks for OH stretching, cellulose/hemicellulose, 1590.81 cm⁻¹ (C = C, lignin), and 1026.79 cm⁻¹ (CO stretching, polysaccharides). Mechanical testing revealed a tensile strength of 19.5 MPa, which, when compared with other natural fibers, suggests moderate strength suitable for applications requiring flexibility. Scanning electron microscopy images showed a rough surface morphology with distinct grooves, which can enhance interfacial bonding with polymeric matrices in composite materials. These findings highlight the potential of Lawsonia inermis stem fibers as sustainable materials with enhanced antibacterial and structural properties, making them suitable for applications in biocomposites, packaging, and biomedical fields.
Eneko Osaba, Iñigo Perez Delgado, Alejandro Mata Ali
et al.
This article explores the current state and future prospects of quantum computing in industrial environments. Firstly, it describes three main paradigms in this field of knowledge: gate-based quantum computers, quantum annealers, and tensor networks. The article also examines specific industrial applications, such as bin packing, job shop scheduling, and route planning for robots and vehicles. These applications demonstrate the potential of quantum computing to solve complex problems in the industry. The article concludes by presenting a vision of the directions the field will take in the coming years, also discussing the current limitations of quantum technology. Despite these limitations, quantum computing is emerging as a powerful tool to address industrial challenges in the future.
Ali Raza, Muhammad Farhan Khan, Zeeshan Alam
et al.
This paper presents a joint framework that integrates reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) with Terahertz (THz) communications and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to enhance smart industrial communications. The proposed system leverages the advantages of RIS and THz bands to improve spectral efficiency, coverage, and reliability key requirements for industrial automation and real-time communications in future 6G networks and beyond. Within this framework, two power allocation strategies are investigated: the first optimally distributes power between near and far industrial nodes, and the second prioritizes network demands to enhance system performance further. A performance evaluation is conducted to compare the sum rate and outage probability against a fixed power allocation scheme. Our scheme achieves up to a 23% sum rate gain over fixed PA at 30 dBm. Simulation results validate the theoretical analysis, demonstrating the effectiveness and robustness of the RIS-assisted NOMA MIMO framework for THz enabled industrial communications.
Emerson Ademir de Oliveira, André Luís Rosa, Danielle Flora Borralho
Contexto: o presente artigo trata da grande fusão que marcou o início da década de 1990 entre as grandes marcas de higiene bucal, à época, no Brasil: a Colgate-Palmolive Company e a Kolynos do Brasil S/A.
Objetivo: possui por objetivo verificar a importância e a atuação do Cade no processo de fusão entre as empresas Colgate-Palmolive Company e a Kolynos do Brasil S/A.
Método: utilizou-se do método indutivo, por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas e de artigos eletrônicos e legislação.
Conclusões: após estudo dos impasses surgidos à época da fusão, demonstrou o papel importante do Cade, para assegurar a livre concorrência e manter o equilíbrio social, garantindo uma adequada tutela dos consumidores.
Objetivo: este estudo se propõe a estimar o sobrepreço causado pelo cartel de combustíveis na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte/MG, condenado pelo Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (Cade) em 2019 (Processo Administrativo nº 08700.010769/2014-64), aplicando o método econométrico diferença em diferenças.
Método: diferença em diferenças. A partir de documentos presentes no processo administrativo do caso foi possível caracterizar os postos envolvidos na colusão, bem como construir um contrafactual para estimar o impacto do cartel nos preços de venda da gasolina e do etanol e na margem do revendedor para ambos os combustíveis, utilizando modelos econométricos por meio do método diferença em diferenças.
Conclusões: os resultados mostram que diferentes metodologias e estratégias para a escolha do contrafactual resultam em diferentes estimativas para o sobrepreço. Fazendo uma média dos sobrepreços encontrados no estudo viu-se que o efeito gerado pelo cartel no mercado de gasolina foi de um aumento na ordem de R$ 0,0119/litro (ou de 0,52%) sobre o preço de venda e de aproximadamente R$ 0,0162/litro (ou de 8,52%) na margem de revenda e, no mercado de etanol, observou-se um impacto de R$ 0,0211/litro (ou de 1,53%) sobre o preço de venda e de R$ 0,0204/litro (ou de 15,4%) na margem de revenda. Apesar da dificuldade de mensurar o sobrepreço e, mais profundamente, os danos gerados, as estimativas contribuem com o debate de ações de reparação de danos concorrenciais (ARDC), servindo como referencial para demais avaliações sobre política de defesa da concorrência.
Tatyana Tolstykh, Nadezhda Shmeleva, Alexey Boev
et al.
The digitalization of the high-tech economy is complicated due to several issues. One can mention non-synchrony and imbalance in the development of industrial enterprises and their integrations; changes in the elements and relations between enterprises and the external environment; as well as contradictions between the actors. Therefore, a new institutional system for industrial integrations needs to be formed. This article proposes a concept and scenario of the institutional change needed to bolster industrial integrations in the digital economy. The structural logic and algorithm of the process provides for the gradual progress through seven phases of institutional transformation. The authors have developed an institutional change management platform for strategic transformation, the core of which is a decision-making system. The platform supports the management of digital and material business processes of industrial integrations. The conceptual approach is based on a comparison of the life cycles of enterprises and their markets. The article proposes a methodology for assessing the readiness of industrial integrations to implement institutional change strategies using modified Shewhart control charts. The methodology is based on a two-criterion approach to the analysis of finances, production reserves, human resources, organizational structures, management technologies, corporate institutions, and a personnel motivation system. This approach allows determining the level of compliance of the resources available with the requirements of the transformation strategy implementation plan. The methodology has been tested at 14 enterprises functioning as industrial integration actors. According to the dynamics of the level of readiness to implement the transformation strategy, enterprises within the framework of industrial integrations are divided into three groups: enterprises with consistently high, medium, and low levels of readiness to implement the strategy.
Felipe Orsolin-Teixeira, Daniel Arruda Coronel, José Luis Oreiro
The objective of the present article is to analyse the elements proposed by Celso Furtado regarding the process of overcoming underdevelopment – before and after “industrial civilization” – and to determine whether such attributes can characterize him as a neo(post)-Kaleckian. To accomplish this objective, we will carry out a detailed analysis of growth patterns led by profits and wages based on the neo-Kaleckian literature. The relationship between income distribution, demand, and capital accumulation was always present in Furtado's analyses, even before these approaches were formalised theoretically. This analysis is important to understand two main points of Furtado’s thought: i) the reason for Furtado's emphasis on distributive conflict as an engine of structural transformations and, in turn, as a driver of economic development; ii) the challenges imposed over underdeveloped economies in the face of a new world economic order, based on the increase in dependency relations as a result of the huge capital flows in the form of foreign direct investment of developed economies in underdeveloped regions.
This paper presents a study on transforming a traditional human-operated vehicle into a fully autonomous device. By leveraging previous research and state-of-the-art technologies, the study addresses autonomy, safety, and operational efficiency in industrial environments. Motivated by the demand for automation in hazardous and complex industries, the autonomous system integrates sensors, actuators, advanced control algorithms, and communication systems to enhance safety, streamline processes, and improve productivity. The paper covers system requirements, hardware architecture, software framework and preliminary results. This research offers insights into designing and implementing autonomous capabilities in human-operated vehicles, with implications for improving safety and efficiency in various industrial sectors.
The growing connectivity of industrial devices as a result of the Internet of Things is increasing the risks to Industrial Control Systems. Since attacks on such devices can also cause damage to people and machines, they must be properly secured. Therefore, a threat analysis is required in order to identify weaknesses and thus mitigate the risk. In this paper, we present a systematic and holistic procedure for analyzing the attack surface and threats of Industrial Internet of Things devices. Our approach is to consider all components including hardware, software and data, assets, threats and attacks throughout the entire product life cycle.
Davide Frizzo, Francesco Borsatti, Alessio Arcudi
et al.
Anomaly Detection (AD) is crucial in industrial settings to streamline operations by detecting underlying issues. Conventional methods merely label observations as normal or anomalous, lacking crucial insights. In Industry 5.0, interpretable outcomes become desirable to enable users to understand the rational under model decisions. This paper presents the first industrial application of ExIFFI, a recent approach for fast, efficient explanations for the Extended Isolation Forest (EIF) AD method. ExIFFI is tested on four industrial datasets, demonstrating superior explanation effectiveness, computational efficiency and improved raw anomaly detection performances. ExIFFI reaches over then 90\% of average precision on all the benchmarks considered in the study and overperforms state-of-the-art Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) approaches in terms of the feature selection proxy task metric which was specifically introduced to quantitatively evaluate model explanations.
Extended AbstractPurpose: Economic growth is influenced by two factors including the accumulation of production factors and the increase in efficiency. Efficiency is one of the important issues of the economy. Although its improvement is necessary for all countries, it is of double importance in developing countries, due to the lack of superior technology and more waste of resources and production inputs. Since the industry sector constitutes a high share of the gross domestic product and is of great importance due to its previous and subsequent connections with other economic sectors, the improvement of efficiency in this sector can lead to an increase in employment, production, and income in the entire economy. The industry sector is one of the significant energy-consuming sectors in every country, and the improvement of energy efficiency as one of the important policy tools plays an essential role in the growth of the industry. Therefore, this study examines the technical efficiency and scale of energy consumption of the industries in the provinces of the country. To this end, the non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used. Also, the issue of targeting energy subsidies in 2019 has had a significant impact on the cost of energy consumption in the industrial sector of the country. On this basis, the present study analyzes the technical efficiency of energy in the years after the implementation of this law. Considering the difference in the share of energy consumption according to the type of energy carriers at the industry level, we have considered four leading energy carriers for the calculation of efficiency.Methodology: The research steps include defining an appropriate model for calculating technical efficiency, determining the type of DEA model in terms of input or output-oriented and the type of efficiency with regard to scale, collecting, calculating the technical efficiency and the scale of the industrial sector of each province, and finally analyzing the results. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric linear programming method for evaluating the efficiency of decision-making units (DMU). The main advantage of this method compared to parametric methods such as the stochastic boundary function is that the shape of the distribution function and the production relations do not create a limit for it. In addition to technical efficiency, scale efficiency can be obtained for all units by calculating the ratio of technical efficiency in the state of constant efficiency to technical efficiency in the state of variable efficiency. The researchers used the input-oriented multi-stage DEA model with six inputs and one output to determine the technical efficiency and the energy consumption scale efficiency of the industrial sector in 31 provinces. In this model, the variables of labor force (people), formation of real fixed capital (million rials), consumption of natural gas, diesel, fuel oil and electricity (barrels equivalent of crude oil) in the industry sector of each province are the inputs, and the actual output of the industry sector (million rials) in each province is considered as the output.Findings and Discussion: The results of technical and scale efficiency scores of industries in the provinces analyzed with the multi-stage DEA model during the years 2011-2019 show that, in 2011 (the beginning of the subsidies targeting), only active manufacturing industries in the provinces of Isfahan, Ilam, Bushehr, Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, North Khorasan, Khuzestan, Sistan and Baluchistan, Kermanshah, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, Gilan, Markazi, and Hormozgan were technically efficient. The inefficiency was higher in Lorestan, Golestan, Yazd, and West Azerbaijan provinces. Also, over time, when the effect of the increase in the price of energy carriers became more evident in the subsidy targeting law, the technical efficiency was relatively improved in most of the provinces. The noteworthy point here is that, among the efficient provinces, Tehran, Bushehr, Khuzestan, and Hormozgan have had the highest share of energy consumption. Ilam, Sistan and Baluchistan, Kahgiluyeh and Boyar Ahmad provinces are among the provinces with the lowest energy shares. The industrial province of Yazd, despite having being the fourth place in energy consumption in the industry sector (about 7 percent share) after West Azarbaijan Province, has the lowest average technical efficiency score. This shows that, in this province, planning is required for extensive changes in various sectors of industry in order to increase the efficiency in Energy consumption. The evaluation of the efficiency of the scale of the industries in the country's provinces shows that, in 2014 and the beginning of the law of targeting the subsidies, the industry sector of the provinces of Isfahan, Bushehr, Tehran, Sistan and Baluchistan, Fars, Kermanshah, Gilan, Markazi, Hormozgan worked on an optimal scale, but the other provinces had inefficient scales. Among the inefficient provinces, the intensity of scale inefficiency in Ilam Province was higher than that in the other provinces, which indicates that the size of its production organization is not optimal and it can move towards an efficient scale by changing the size. This is despite the fact that, after the year 2019, a relative improvement in the scale efficiency score occurred for most of the provinces. In the last year, active manufacturing industries in the provinces of Ardabil, Alborz, Bushehr, Tehran, Khuzestan, Sistan and Baluchistan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Markazi, Hormozgan and Yazdbenefited from the efficiency of the scale.Conclusion and Policy Implications: In DEA models, for each inefficient unit, an efficient unit or a combination of two or more efficient units is introduced as a reference unit. In this regard, each inefficient unit should be compared with an efficient unit to reach the efficiency limit. Therefore, the reference unit should be similar in size and structure to the inefficient units that measure it. In this regard, the seven provinces of Ilam, Bushehr, Tehran, Khuzestan, Sistan and Baluchistan, Kohgiluyeh Boyer Ahmad and Hormozgan are considered as reference units for the other provinces of the same level in terms of the size and structure of the industry to improve efficiency. In terms of policy-making, it is suggested that the technical efficiency score of the provinces be supported by the government and its projects for the industry sector through the allocation of low-interest loans, industrial subsidies, tax exemptions, etc.
Introduction: The paper considers the improved design of the wheeled vibration-driven robot equipped with an inertial exciter (unbalanced rotor) and enhanced pantograph-type suspension. The primary purpose and objectives of the study are focused on mathematical modeling, computer simulation, and experimental testing of locomotion conditions of the novel robot prototype. The primary scientific novelty of the present research consists in substantiating the possibilities of implementing the enhanced pantograph-type suspension in order to improve the robot’s kinematic characteristics, particularly the average translational speed.Methods: The simplified dynamic diagram of the robot’s oscillatory system is developed, and the mathematical model describing its locomotion conditions is derived using the Euler-Lagrange differential equations. The numerical modeling is carried out in the Mathematica software with the help of the Runge-Kutta methods. Computer simulation of the robot motion is performed in the SolidWorks Motion software using the variable step integration method (Gear’s method). The experimental investigations of the robot prototype operating conditions are conducted at the Vibroengineering Laboratory of Lviv Polytechnic National University using the WitMotion accelerometers and software. The experimental data is processed in the MathCad software.Results and discussion: The obtained results show the time dependencies of the robot body’s basic kinematic parameters (accelerations, velocities, displacements) under different operating conditions, particularly the angular frequencies of the unbalanced rotor. The numerical modeling, computer simulation, and experimental investigations present almost similar results: the smallest horizontal speed of about 1 mm/s is observed at the supplied voltage of 3.47 V when the forced frequency is equal to 500 rpm; the largest locomotion speed is approximately 40 mm/s at the supplied voltage of 10 V and forced frequency of 1,500 rpm. The paper may be interesting for designers and researchers of similar vibration-driven robotic systems based on wheeled chassis, and the results may be used while implementing the experimental and industrial prototypes of vibration-driven robots for various purposes, particularly, for inspecting and cleaning the pipelines. Further investigation on the subject of the paper should be focused on analyzing the relations between the power consumption, average translational speed, and working efficiency of the considerer robot under various operating conditions.
Mechanical engineering and machinery, Electronic computers. Computer science
Large-scale processes of transformation of statehood and socio-economic structure that took place in post-Soviet Russia in the last decade of the 20th century affected the system of federative relations and, as a result, interregional ties. The latter, in the liberalization of the entire system of social relations of the Russian state, began to acquire a more horizontal character, and the role of the federal center was to determine the framework conditions and coordinate interregional relations. Fundamental documents that fixed (in chronological order) the reform of the federal structure of the Russian Federation were the Federation Treaty of 31.03.1992: “The Treaty on the Delimitation of the Subjects of Jurisdiction and Powers between the Federal Bodies of State Power of the Russian Federation and the Authorities of the Sovereign Republics within the Russian Federation” (together with the “Protocol to the Federation Treaty”), the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted by the National Council of the Russian Federation. The Problem of Development of Interregional Relations within the Russian Federation The Concept of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation. was relevant not only for the last decade of the last century, with its new economic and political realities compared to the Soviet period, but also for the current and future stages of development, which inevitably set new challenges and trends in relations between the federal center and the regions, as well as between the regions of a large country, each of which has its own specifics, starting with territorial and natural and climatic parameters, ending with resource (in the broad sense of the word) and economic and industrial potential. In the period under review, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (Kabardino-Balkarian Republic), associated with the leadership of the first post-Soviet head (President of the Republic) V.M. Kokov, pursued a rather active policy of establishing direct interregional ties with the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, representing both the South of Russia and much more remote regions.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI), has had a profound impact on society, raising concerns about its implications and ethical considerations. The emergence of text generative AI tools like ChatGPT has further intensified concerns regarding ethics, security, privacy, and copyright. This study aims to examine the perceptions of individuals in different information flow categorizations toward AI. The results reveal key themes in participant-supplied definitions of AI and the fourth industrial revolution, emphasizing the replication of human intelligence, machine learning, automation, and the integration of digital technologies. Participants expressed concerns about job replacement, privacy invasion, and inaccurate information provided by AI. However, they also recognized the benefits of AI, such as solving complex problems and increasing convenience. Views on government involvement in shaping the fourth industrial revolution varied, with some advocating for strict regulations and others favoring support and development. The anticipated changes brought by the fourth industrial revolution include automation, potential job impacts, increased social disconnect, and reliance on technology. Understanding these perceptions is crucial for effectively managing the challenges and opportunities associated with AI in the evolving digital landscape.
The most important component of the effective functioning of economic systems is ensuring their sustainable development in the context of the transformation of global changes in international economic relations. Particularly relevant is the implementation of a long-term strategy for the development of states and their main economic agents in the context ofpreserving national security in the direction of enhancing innovation activity, technological and industrial diversification, as well as product competitiveness in the global arena. The article developed methodological approaches to ensure the sustainable growth of the Russian Federation based on the study and analysis of the peculiarities of its historical development, participation in the international division of labor, geopolitical location, as well as priority areas of development.
Industry 4.0 aims at shaking the current manufacturing landscape by leveraging the adoption of smart industrial equipment with increased connectivity, sensing, and actuation capabilities. By exploring access to real-time production information and advanced remote control features, servitization of manufacturing firms promises novel added value services for industrial operators and customers. On the other hand, industrial networks would face a transformation process in order to support the flexibility expected by the next-generation manufacturing processes and enable inter-factory cooperation. In this scenario, the 5G systems can play a key role in enabling Industry 4.0 by extending the network slicing paradigm to specifically support the requirements of industrial use cases over heterogeneous domains. We present a novel 5G-based network slicing framework which aims at accommodating the requirements of Industry 4.0. To interconnect different industrial sites up to the extreme edge, different slices of logical resources can be instantiated on-demand to provide the required end-to-end connectivity and processing features. We validate our proposed framework in three realistic use cases which enabled us highlight the envisioned benefits for industrial stakeholders.
Workplace accidents are a critical problem that causes many deaths, injuries, and financial losses. Climate change has a severe impact on industrial workers, partially caused by global warming. To reduce such casualties, it is important to proactively find unsafe environments where injuries could occur by detecting the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and identifying unsafe activities. Thus, we propose an industrial workplace alerting and monitoring platform to detect PPE use and classify unsafe activity in group settings involving multiple humans and objects over a long period of time. Our proposed method is the first to analyze prolonged actions involving multiple people or objects. It benefits from combining pose estimation with PPE detection in one platform. Additionally, we propose the first open source annotated data set with video data from industrial workplaces annotated with the action classifications and detected PPE. The proposed system can be implemented within the surveillance cameras already present in industrial settings, making it a practical and effective solution.