Characterization of the natural fiber extracted from Lawsonia inermis plant stem – An approach of sustainable development

The increasing demand for environmentally friendly materials has driven significant research into natural fibers as viable alternatives for various industrial applications. This study explores the potential of Lawsonia inermis stem fibers for sustainable use, focusing on their antibacterial, structural, and mechanical properties. Antibacterial assessments against Escherichia coli demonstrated notable antimicrobial efficacy, with inhibition zones of 20 mm and 18 mm at concentrations of 100 µg and 50 µg, respectively. Structural analysis via X-ray diffraction revealed a Crystallinity Index of 45 %, indicating a semi-crystalline nature that influences fiber rigidity and flexibility. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of key biopolymers, with characteristic peaks for OH stretching, cellulose/hemicellulose, 1590.81 cm⁻¹ (C = C, lignin), and 1026.79 cm⁻¹ (CO stretching, polysaccharides). Mechanical testing revealed a tensile strength of 19.5 MPa, which, when compared with other natural fibers, suggests moderate strength suitable for applications requiring flexibility. Scanning electron microscopy images showed a rough surface morphology with distinct grooves, which can enhance interfacial bonding with polymeric matrices in composite materials. These findings highlight the potential of Lawsonia inermis stem fibers as sustainable materials with enhanced antibacterial and structural properties, making them suitable for applications in biocomposites, packaging, and biomedical fields.