Hasil untuk "History of the arts"

Diederik Aerts, Suzette Geriente, Roberto Leporini et al.

We analyze the results of three information retrieval tests on conceptual combinations that we have recently performed using corpora of Italian language. The tests have the form of a 'Bell-type test' and were aimed at identifying 'quantum entanglement' in the combination, or composition, of two concepts. In the first two tests, we studied the Italian translation of the combination 'The Animal Acts', while in the third test, we studied the Italian translation of the combination 'The Animal eats the Food'. We found a significant violation of Bell's inequalities in all tests. Empirical patterns confirm the results obtained with corpora of English language, which indicates the existence of deep structures in concept formation that are language-independent. The systematic violation of Bell's inequalities suggests the presence of entanglement and, indeed, we elaborate here a 'quantum model in Hilbert space' for the collected data. This investigation supports our theoretical hypothesis about entanglement as a phenomenon of 'contextual updating', independently of the nature, micro-physical or conceptual linguistic, of the entities involved. Finally, these findings allow us to further clarify the mutual relationships between entanglement, Cirel'son's bound, and no-signaling in Bell-type situations.

Elena Paulino Montero

Reseña de: Alonso Ruiz, Begoña, Juan Gil de Hontañón, arquitecto del tardogótico, Madrid, CSIC, 2023. ISBN: 978-84-00-11185-4, 356 pp.

Marija Weste

This article explores the Soviet-era Latvian film Four White Shirts (Četribalti krekli, 1967, director Rolands Kalniņš) as a cinematic response to the ideological tension between artistic freedom and state-imposed labour. In the Soviet Union of the 1960s, artists were required to work within state structures, which limited independent creative expression. Analyzing the film through the lens of confluence—a metaphor for the merging of artistic intent, censorship, and institutional influence—this study argues that the film creates symbolic spaces of escape through its genre hybridity and spatial construction. Although banned upon completion, the film was not destroyed; it was screened in 1987 and later gained international recognition as it was featured in 2018 in the Cannes Classics programme. The film’s belated recognition underscores its lasting cultural significance and reflects broader dynamics of resistance, memory, and legitimacy in Soviet and post-Soviet art.

Diederik Aerts, Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi, Sandro Sozzo

An overview of the conceptuality interpretation of quantum mechanics is presented, along with an explanation of how it sheds light on key quantum and relativistic phenomena. In particular, we show how the interpretation clarifies Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, wave function-based and entanglement-based nonlocality, interference effects resulting from the superposition principle, delayed choice experiments, quantum measurements, the mechanism of quantization, the reason why entities can establish entanglement bonds, and the statistical behavior of indistinguishable entities. We further argue that the interpretation can also elucidate relativistic effects, focusing on time dilation. Finally, we suggest that it can provide a novel and challenging perspective on evolution. This article is the second in a two-part series devoted to exploring this promising approach to reality. The first part, which serves as a companion to this discussion, outlines the intellectual trajectory leading from the first applications of quantum notions to human cognition to the bold rethinking suggested by the conceptuality interpretation.

Wang Bill Zhu, Deqing Fu, Kai Sun et al.

Existing recommendation systems either rely on user interaction logs, such as online shopping history for shopping recommendations, or focus on text signals. However, item-based histories are not always accessible, and are not generalizable for multimodal recommendation. We hypothesize that a user's visual history -- comprising images from daily life -- can offer rich, task-agnostic insights into their interests and preferences, and thus be leveraged for effective personalization. To this end, we propose VisualLens, a novel framework that leverages multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to enable personalization using task-agnostic visual history. VisualLens extracts, filters, and refines a spectrum user profile from the visual history to support personalized recommendation. We created two new benchmarks, Google-Review-V and Yelp-V, with task-agnostic visual histories, and show that VisualLens improves over state-of-the-art item-based multimodal recommendations by 5-10% on Hit@3, and outperforms GPT-4o by 2-5%. Further analysis shows that VisualLens is robust across varying history lengths and excels at adapting to both longer histories and unseen content categories.

Maurizio Vitella

El artículo ofrece una revisión de los relicarios antropomorfos realizados en Sicilia entre la segunda mitad del siglo XVI y finales del XVII. Son obras que interpretan los peculiares propósitos del arte de la Contrarreforma, orientadas estratégicamente a implementar una nueva evangelización encaminada a disipar los problemas surgidos tras la Reforma Protestante. La contribución tiende a resaltar las características formales y decorativas de los artefactos, a menudo caracterizadas por un marcado realismo, en algunos casos acentuado por el color de los rostros, rematados con colores que simulan la tez.

Conny Aerts, Andrew Tkachenko

Rotation matters for the life of a star. It causes a multitude of dynamical phenomena in the stellar interior during a star's evolution and its effects accumulate until the star dies. All stars rotate at some level but those born with a mass above about 1.3 times the mass of the Sun rotate rapidly during more than 90% of their nuclear lifetime. Internal rotation guides the angular momentum and chemical element transport throughout the stellar interior. These transport processes change over time as the star evolves. The cumulative effects of stellar rotation and its induced transport processes determine the helium content of the core by the time it exhausts its hydrogen isotopes. The amount of helium at that stage also guides the heavy element yields by the end of the star's life. A proper theory of stellar evolution and any realistic models for the chemical enrichment of galaxies, must be based on observational calibrations of stellar rotation and of the induced transport processes. Since a few years, asteroseismology offers such calibrations, for single and binary stars. We review the current status of asteroseismic modelling of rotating stars for different stellar mass regimes, in an accessible way for the non-expert. While doing so, we describe exciting opportunities sparked by asteroseismology for various domains in astrophysics, touching upon topics from exoplanetary science to galactic structure and evolution towards gravitational wave physics. Along the way, we provide ample sneak-previews for future 'industrialised' applications of asteroseismology to slow and rapid rotators, from exploitation of combined Kepler, TESS, PLATO, Gaia, and spectroscopy surveys. We end the review with a list of take away messages and achievements of asteroseismology, which are of relevance for many fields of astrophysics.

Lázaro Olier

Hora de Aventura, Twin Peaks: The Return y un detector de neutrinos en Japón, el Super-Kamiokande, funcionan como sostén para la hipótesis poética que moviliza este texto: donde hay nada, hay fantasmas. Los argumentos se hacen más tangibles al sospechar que no existe la nada por sí misma, prestando atención y desentramando aquellas condiciones, mecanismos, estrategias y sistemas que generan un efecto de nada. Por último, pone en acción un ejercicio historiográfico que mira hacia los silencios de los relatos históricos canónicos y los documentos para habilitar, allí, la invocación de fantasmas queer.

Ibrahim Sanbaa

يهدف هذا البحث إلى الوقوف مع ما أسهم به علماء الأمة في تأليف علومهم وتدوينها منذ زمن مبكر, ولمّا كان خَلْفَ هذه العلوم علماء أجلاء على اختلاف مشاربهم, واختصاصهم, أفنوا حياتهم في القراءة والتمحيص للعلوم والكتابة فيها, فكانت علوم العربية بكل أبعادها ما بين نحو, وصرف, وأدب, وبلاغة, وعروض مجال إبداع لهؤلاء العلماء فأحسنوا في التأليف والتصنيف. ولمّا كان لهؤلاء مكانة في تطوّر حضارة الأمة وعلومها حرص بعض العلماء تسليط الضوء على جوانب مهمة من حياتهم, وتكوينهم العلمي, وتمحيص ما كتبوه في سلسلة من المؤلفات تعرف بطبقات العلماء أو مراتب العلماء, أو سيرة الأعلام, وقد كان الإمام أبو الطيب اللغوي ت315هـ من أوائل العلماء الذين حرصوا على تدوين حركة العلم, والعلماء في تتابع تاريخي إلى عصره, فأبرز مجموعة من العلماء على اختلاف تخصصهم ما بين اللغة, والنحو والصرف؛ فضلاً عما حفل به الكتاب من قضايا مهمة كالمذاهب النحوية وقضية تلحين القرّاء والمعجم اللغوي وغيرها من اللفتات العلمية المهمة في هذا الكتاب, مما يدل على أهمية هذا الكتاب كحلقة مهمة في كتب التراجم وبخاصة النحاة واللغويين.

Jorge Arturo Martínez Ibarra, Isela Edith Rodríguez Larios , Rosa Elena Arellano Montoya

Este documento es el resultado de una investigación periodística realizada con el fin de darle seguimiento al proceso llevado a cabo para el establecimiento de una ruta cultural en el sur de Jalisco (México) vinculada a Juan Rulfo, escritor mexicano reconocido internacionalmente. El proceso metodológico consistió en la revisión de información y la consulta de variadas fuentes documentales. Los resultados presentan las diversas dificultades (económicas, políticas e institucionales) encontradas en el proceso.

sana razuwqi

This research is aimed at detecting the mechanism used by Al - Beatleusi in his work on a text rich in grammatical directives, which is Al- zajjaji sentence that Al-Batelusi placed in his explanation. Until his explanations came close to the hundred, most of them Andalusian women, and emerged among them the explanation of the Beatles who responded in his objections to the requirements of rational arguments and argument The study focuses on the types of arguments related to existence, absence, time, philosophy, al -Hadd University, the prohibition of limitation and pregnancy, and others, while stopping on the basis of the arguments and rationales that lead to the followings of the most important divisions according to the pathways it organizes. To reinforce the arguments of the people of view to reach their conclusions or conclusions

Ricardo Maurício Gonzaga

O artigo aproxima duas produções de campos diferentes, o livro O pequeno príncipe, de Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, e a obra de Marcel Duchamp, em especial Com a minha língua na minha bochecha, para tratá-las como pontas do mesmo iceberg, a saber a mudança do regime sígnico paradigmático histórico referenciado no símbolo para o pós-histórico, que tem como referência o índice, segundo as definições da semiótica de C.S. Peirce; assim como a influência das imagens técnicas neste processo, com base na análise de Vilém Flusser que incide sobre a dinâmica cultural do Ocidente e a retomada da hegemonia da imaginação inerente ao domínio da lógica produtora de sentido por aparelhos.

Lyudmila A. Rapatskaya, Asya N. Rykova

In this article, the spiritual and moral upbringing and education in the Sunday schools of the Russian Orthodox Church is presented in a historical and cultural context. The authors believe that the main goal of modern Sunday schools in Russia is to revive the national tradition of missionary preaching the Gospel that is poorly studied in modern pedagogical science. This tradition determines the content and forms of educational work, including those related to art. To confirm their ideas, the authors analyze the main historical stages of the formation and development of church (parish) schools, which are the prototype of the modern Sunday schools of the Russian Orthodox Church. The history of the spiritual and moral formation of a child’s personality in such schools testifies to the need to regulate the substantive foundations of the educational process, which takes place in the space of traditions and attitudes of the Christian church, but inevitably includes the problems of the surrounding worldly reality and its cultural component. Based on the mission goal of the modern Church Sunday school, declared in the official guidelines of the Russian Orthodox Church, the authors proposed a culturological approach to the spiritual and moral upbringing and education by means of musical and theatrical activities. By its methodological nature this approach is integrative since it incorporates both secular and religious meanings. The authors took the theory of music-oriented polyartistic approach from the arsenal of secular pedagogy of music education. The dominant content of the educational process in the Orthodox Sunday school, that is associated with the preservation of the high Evangelic meaning of the spiritual and moral education of the younger generation, is drawn from the pedagogy of the religious direction. The article describes the experience of integrating music and theater arts in order to solve the problems of spiritual and moral education in the educational process of the modern Church Sunday schools of Rybinsk Diocese.

Melissa N. Liotta, Jessica K. Abbott, Molly R. Morris et al.

Abstract Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) have provided valuable insights into how sexual selection and life history trade‐offs can lead to variation within a sex. However, the possibility that tactics may constrain evolution through intralocus tactical conflict (IATC) is rarely considered. In addition, when IATC has been considered, the focus has often been on the genetic correlations between the ARTs, while evidence that the ARTs have different optima for associated traits and that at least one of the tactics is not at its optimum is often missing. Here, we investigate selection on three traits associated with the ARTs in the swordtail fish Xiphophorus multilineatus; body size, body shape, and the sexually selected trait for which these fishes were named, sword length (elongation of the caudal fin). All three traits are tactically dimorphic, with courter males being larger, deeper bodied and having longer swords, and the sneaker males being smaller, more fusiform and having shorter swords. Using measures of reproductive success in a wild population we calculated selection differentials, as well as linear and quadratic gradients. We demonstrated that the tactics have different optima and at least one of the tactics is not at its optimum for body size and sword length. Our results provide the first evidence of selection in the wild on the sword, an iconic trait for sexual selection. In addition, given the high probability that these traits are genetically correlated to some extent between the two tactics, our study suggests that IATC is constraining both body size and the sword from reaching their phenotypic optima. We discuss the importance of considering the role of IATC in the evolution of tactical dimorphism, how this conflict can be present despite tactical dimorphism, and how it is important to consider this conflict when explaining not only variation within a species but differences across species as well.

Muhammad Asghari, Kamal Ashkadari

نتيجةً لتطور الحضارة الجديدة، أصبحت المدينة مِنَ الظواهر البارزة في شعر العصر العباسي وقد تجلّت بشكلٍ لافتٍ للنظر في شعر شعراء هذا العصر كالبحتري ؛ تطرق هذا الشاعر إلي وصف كثير من المُدن التي زارها خلال حياته، ومن هذه المدن هي مدينة دمشق. وصف البحتري بعض سمات هذه المدينة في أشعاره المدحية، فَهُو لايفرد لها قصيدةً مُستقلةً، وإنّما يرسم صورتها إمّا في إفتتاح بعض قصائده بدلا من الوقوف أمام الطلل البالية أو المحبوب، وإمّا ضمن القصائد؛ فبناءً علي ما ذُكرَ، تُعوّل الدراسة علي المنهج الوصفي-التحليلي وذلك عبر الاعتماد علي الأبيات التي قالها الشاعر حول دمشق في ديوانه. وأما أهمّ النتائج التي توصّلت إليها الدراسة فهي أنّ البحتري وظّف بعض الصناعات البديعية كالجناس والتضاد والمبالغة والتناص القرآني وغير البديعية كالتشبيه الحسي في سبيل تصوير مدينة دمشق، وهو يكرّر بعض الحروف في أبياته لكي يخلق نغما موسيقيا؛ من ناحية أخري، يكثر من وصف الطبيعة في تصويرها ويدمج الطبيعة الحيّة بالصامتة؛ غير أنّ الحظّ الأوفر في هذا المجال يتعلّق بالطبيعة الحية، فهو يصوّر المدينة تصويرا متحرّكا. يعجب البحتري بالربيع في كلامه عن مدينة دمشق ولعلّ هذا الإعجاب يُعتبرُ رمزا للعطاء والكرم أو إزدهار الحياة في زمن ممدوحيه.

Miguel Ángel Nieto Márquez

Marian Ţuţui

The multicultural and multiethnic societies in the Balkans were seldom mirrored in Western literature and cinema. Most often their aristocrats and swindlers offered spectacular images from this region of the world. Writers like Byron, Saki, Saul Bellow, Alistair MacLean, Olivia Manning, Lawrence Durell and Agatha Christie spent some time in the Balkans, while others such as Voltaire, Bram Stoker, Karl May, G.B. Shaw and Sidney Sheldon have never set foot in these places. On the other hand, Jules Verne, Eric Ambler, Graham Greene, Marguerite Yourcenar, Umberto Eco and Julian Barnes tried to do a more thorough research into Balkan history and culture. Apart from screening literary works on the Balkans there are mainly three reasons for making films about this region: to portray some local historical figures, to locate romances and to use their ill fame or simply to tell stories about venturesome voyages in exotic places. Therefore most often such images are conventional and full of stereotypes. However, a stereotype proves a certain fame and it is better than no image at all.

Manuel Jesús González Manrique

<p>Ahora que leo la antología póstuma <em>Jesús Rubio Lapaz: Tradición y modernidad</em>, no puedo más que rememorar toda su trayectoria vital y académica que, en este caso, realmente eran la misma.</p>

Diederik Aerts, Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi, Sandro Sozzo

The quantum formalism can be completed by assuming that a density operator can also represent a pure state. An 'extended Bloch representation' (EBR) then results, in which not only states, but also the measurement-interactions can be represented. The Born rule is obtained as an expression of the subjective lack of knowledge about the measurement-interaction that is each time actualized. Entanglement can also be consistently described in the EBR, as it remains compatible with the principle according to which a composite entity exists only if its components also exist, and therefore are in pure states.

Diederik Aerts, Marek Czachor, Maciej Kuna

Non-Newtonian calculus that starts with elementary non-Diophantine arithmetic operations of a Burgin type is applicable to all fractals whose cardinality is continuum. The resulting definitions of derivatives and integrals are simpler from what one finds in the more traditional literature of the subject, and they often work in the cases where the standard methods fail. As an illustration, we perform a Fourier transform of a real-valued function with Sierpiński-set domain. The resulting formalism is as simple as the usual undergraduate calculus.