Zhongsheng Zhang, Zhongsheng Zhang, Zhongsheng Zhang
et al.
Light strongly influences the carbon (C) metabolism of seaweed through both algal carbon content and organic carbon release, thereby driving the carbon cycling of coastal oceans. However, the response of seaweed organic carbon release to varying light intensities remains an underexplored area of research. This study aimed to fill this gap by analyzing the effects of four different light intensities (5, 50, 200, and 500 μmol m–2 s–1) on the growth, carbon content, and organic carbon release of two strains (W28–42 and WO15-4) of Pyropia haitanensis. The results showed that as light intensity increased, both strains experienced an initial rise in growth rate followed by a decline, with the highest growth observed at 200 μmol m–2 s–1. Simultaneously, tissue C content increased with light intensity, whereas the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents exhibited decreasing trends. This led to increases in the C:N and C:P ratios, indicating that high light intensity may enhance C fixation and suppress the absorption of N and P. Of particular interest was the difference in organic carbon release between the two strains. The W28–42 strain’s rate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release increased significantly with light intensity, whereas the WO15–4 strain’s DOC release rate remained unaffected by variations in light intensity. The particulate organic carbon (POC) release rates of both strains increased under higher light intensity, with the W28–42 strain showing a more substantial increase than the WO15–4 strain. This study demonstrates that the release of DOC by P. haitanensis exhibits distinct strain-specific responses to variations in light intensity, a result that may be attributed to differences in photosynthetic physiology and genetic makeup. These insights provide a foundation for enhancing the efficiency of fishery carbon sinks through the manipulation of light intensity.
Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution
This paper presents the initial findings of a qualitative study investigating the relationship between ethics and education in Italian preschool settings. The research employs the methodology of Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT) to emphasise the indispensable role of promoting ethical awareness in early childhood education. The preliminary results from the interpretation of intensive interviews with preschool teachers indicate that the structuring of ethically significant educational experiences can be a factor in the growth of ethical awareness. From a theoretical and practical perspective, the study posits that stimulating ethical awareness from early childhood can prevent the rise of an increasingly widespread phenomenon: ethical illiteracy.
Education (General), History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Radek Trnka, Melisa Schneiderova, Iveta Vojtechova
et al.
SuperAging deserves special attention from researchers in the field of the psychology of aging, because it denotes the preservation of multiple cognitive abilities in very old age. Currently, very little is known about lifestyle factors that could be related to SuperAging. The main goal of the present narrative review was to bring together available evidence involving social factors related to SuperAging and to target avenues for future research. The review summarizes the findings of studies published between 2005 and 2022. Low social participation in midlife age and high social participation in older age were found to be related to SuperAging. In contrast, social network size and diversity did not differ between SuperAgers and cognitively normal older adults. The synthesis of the results indicates that having positive, close, high-quality relationships and a high frequency of social contact may be considered to be hypothetical predictors of superior cognitive performance in later life.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Abstract This article looks into the implications of urban informality in Katherine Boo’s Behind the Beautiful Forevers: Life, Death and Hope in a Mumbai Slum (2012) as represented in slum life and urban poverty. It aims to investigate the impact of urban poverty on the everyday practices of slum dwellers and their endeavors to escape the trap of poverty in an attempt to highlight the human dimension of the slum. The article seeks to unravel multi-layers of the interaction between people and poverty and the differing models of resistance to poverty and social exclusion depicted in the nonfiction narrative. The article examines slum life from a descriptive sociological perspective with a detailed description of how people survive in poverty. The study of the culture of slums entails an analysis of the survival techniques and everyday practices of slum dwellers, the relations and patterns of behavior among the different categories of people inhabiting a slum, and the outcomes of the interplay between place, culture, and power relations in such communities. This is implemented through an eclectic sociological approach that comprises theories of space, culture, and resistance as proposed by James Scott, Theodore W. Schultz, and Henri Lefebvre.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
У даній статті мова йде про процес легітимації та делегітимації ОБСЄ в українському медійному просторі у 2011-2021 рр. Було зроблено спробу проаналізувати оціночні кон-тексти згадок про ОБСЄ у вказаний період, простежити динаміку зміни довіри до організації на фоні її видимості, а також встановити причинно-наслідкові зв’язки та тенденції. Мета даної статті – дослідити динаміку легітимації та делегітимації ОБСЄ в українському медійному просторі у період війни на Донбасі, а також у довоєнні роки. Для реалізації даної мети було поставлено такі завдання: 1) простежити динаміку політизації ОБСЄ в українському медійному полі; 2) проаналізувати взаємозв’язок між процесами політизації та легітимації ОБСЄ в Україні; 3) визначити тенденції легітимації та делегітимації ОБСЄ в українському медійному просторі. Методика дослідження. Для реалізації поставлених завдань ми опираємося перш за все на методи контент-аналізу, інтент-аналізу, історичного та кількісного аналізу матеріалів ЗМІ. У результаті було досліджено динаміку (де)легітимізації ОБСЄ в українському медійному просторі впродовж 2011-2021 рр. на фоні процесу політизації цієї організації. На основі аналізу даних зроблено висновки, що процес (де)легітимізації ОБСЄ в українському медійному просторі пов’язаний в основному із її залученістю у дипломатичне врегулювання військового конфлікту на Донбасі. Водночас, окрім власне діяльності організації, важливими факторами (де)легітимізації постають і покладені на ОБСЄ сподівання і розчарування, а також зміни у системі міжнародних відносин.
History (General) and history of Europe, Political science
Abstract Based on the emergency rescue, the subsequent disposal, and the development and utilization projects of the Hongshiyan Landside Dam in Ludian, Yunnan, China, research has been conducted on key technical issues facing the development and utilization of landside dams, including the possibilty evaluation of development and utilization, structure analysis of wide gradation material, performance evaluation, investigation and design, dam seepage control, construction technology and equipment, and safe operation assessment. And innovative results has made in all seven aspects mentioned above, writing the history in this field. The achievements were directly applied to the development planning, investigation and design, construction, and operation and maintenance of the Hongshiyan Landside Dam, a comprehensive water conservancy project that integrates flood control, water supply, irrigation, and power generation, with significant comprehensive benefits.
Oceanography, River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General)
André Augusto Diniz LIRA, Maria da Conceição PASSEGGI, Márcio André de ANDRADE
No contexto da emergência do “paradigma narrativo-autobiográfico em educação” (PASSEGGI, 2020), Paulo Freire é um autor incontornável, ocupando um lugar central na perspectiva epistemopolítica. Neste artigo são revisitadas as leituras do legado freireano e, inspirados nesse paradigma, se analisa a obra Pedagogia da Esperança: um reencontro com a Pedagogia do Oprimido, considerando três exercícios do contar: o exercício do refletir, do argumentar e do reconstruir. Na obra analisada, por meio da mediação biográfica, esses exercícios se encontram entrelaçados na defesa da obra, na transformação de si mesmo e do mundo.
Abstract Background Surgical site infection is an infection occurring within 30 days after surgery. It is recently reported that evidence-based information on the specific time when the majority of surgical site infections would develop is a key to early detect the infection as well as to preventing and early intervene against their pressing and fatal complications. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the incidence, predictors, and time to development of surgical site infection among general surgery patients at specialized hospitals in the Amhara region. Method An institution-based prospective follow-up study was conducted. The two-stage cluster sampling procedure was used. A systematic sampling technique with a K interval of 2 was applied to prospectively recruit 454 surgical patients. Patients were followed up for 30 days. Data were collected using Epicollect5 v 3.0.5 software. Post-discharge follow-up and diagnosis were done by telephone call follow-up. Data were analyzed using STATA™ version 14.0. Kaplan–Meier curve was used to estimate survival time. Cox proportional regression model was used to determine significant predictors. Variables with a P-value less than 0.05 in the multiple Cox regression models were independent predictors. Result The incidence density was 17.59 per 1000 person-day-observation. The incidence of post-discharge Surgical site infection was 70.3%. The majority of surgical site infections were discovered after discharge between postoperative days 9 to 16. Being male (AHR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.201 – 3.277, diabetes Mellitus (AHR: 1.819, 95% CI: 1.097 – 3.016), surgical history (AHR: 2.078, 95% CI: 1.345, 3.211), early antimicrobial prophylaxis (AHR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.676, 4.039), American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥ III AHR: 6.710, 95% CI: 4.108, 10.960), duration of the surgery (AHR: 1.035 95% CI: 1.001, 1.070), Age (AHR: 1.022 95% CI: 1.000, 1.043), and the number of professionals in the Operation Room (AHR: 1.085 95% CI: 1.037, 1.134) were found to be the predictors of time to development of Surgical site infection. Conclusion The incidence of surgical site infection was higher than the acceptable international range. The majority of infections were detected after hospital discharge between 9 to 16 postoperative days. The main predictors of Surgical site infection were Age, Sex, Diabetes Mellitus, previous surgical history, the timing of Antimicrobial prophylaxis, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, pre-operative hospital stay, duration of surgery, and the number of professionals in the operation room. Hence, hospitals should give great emphasis on pre-operative preparation, post-discharge surveillance, modifiable predictors, and high-risk patients, as they found in this study.
What were the aspirations of women who began a rapping career in 1990s France? Were they looking to make it in a male-dominated world? To leave behind a dominated social position and enjoy an artist’s life? To assert the public existence of postcolonial minorities? Based primarily on life narratives, this article analyses the social mobility of female French rappers in the 1990s. It shows the importance of considering both subjective and objective career experiences, as well as the manifold power relations informing trajectories within a social space whose hierarchies are multidimensional. An often unseen dimension in the analysis of artistic careers, the transformations of social hierarchies from childhood to adulthood, and by extension age relations, are crucial here. At odds with the commonplace assumption that women get into male-dominated rap artist careers to subvert the gender order, this study shows that for a majority of these women, rap works as a generational matrix of politicization in which the experience of territorial and ethno-racial discriminations is key. As they grow older, however, this politicization contributes to denaturalizing new social hierarchies, starting with gender hierarchies. The impact of power relations is notable in both subjective and objective career experiences. Subjectively, the taste for rap and the transition to its practice are part of a politicization of inequalities which is perceived as a “generational” experience, which can be transferred from one type of inequality to the next over the course of a career or retrospectively played down as “teenage revolt”. Objectively, age relations redefine gender relations by exacerbating the double bind to which female rappers are confronted throughout their careers, during which the main turning points occur from childhood to adulthood. Still, for most of these women, the practice of rap contributes to an upward social mobility, particularly in comparison to their parents, most of whom are working-class and/or members of racialized minorities, and who have often performed subordinate jobs with demanding working hours.
تحتاج المکتبات ومراکز المعلومات وکل ماله علاقة بتنظیم وتهیئة المعلومات الى اعادة تقییم بشکل دوری من اجل الوقوف على مستوى الجودة مما یعنی ان النهوض بالواقع العام لهذه المؤسسات بما یضمن رضا کافی من قبل المستفیدین عن الخدمات المقدمة، وهذا ما تم العمل علیه فی هذا البحث اذ تم تطبیق واحد من اهم مقاییس الجودة فی المکتبات ومراکز المعلومات وهو LibQUAL+®) ) فی واحدة من اهم وأقدم المکتبات المرکزیة الجامعیة الا وهی المکتبة المرکزیة لجامعة بغداد بموقعیها الجادریة والوزیریة، وقد بلغت عینة المستفیدین والذین تم توزیع الاستبانة لهم 75 مستفید موزعین على المکتبتین وقد تم استرجاع (68) استمارة منهم، وباستخدام منهج الحالة کوسیلة للوصول لتحقیق اهم الأهداف المرسومة فی هذا البحث ومن ابرزها التوصل الى مستویات جودة الحقیقیة وإیجاد الحلول الملائمة لعلاج جوانب الخلل ان وجدت، إضافة للوصول الى النتائج المرجوة منها والتی کان من أهمها:<br /> - هنالک فجوة حقیقیة فی خدمات المکتبة المقدمة سواء (فجوة اکتفاء) (فجوة تمیز) کون المکتبة تقدم خدمات اقل من المطلوب من قبل المستفید او یتصور انه سیحصل علیها، وهذا اهم هدف حققه المقیاس فی الوصول الى هذه النتیجة.<br /> اما عن اهم التوصیات فکانت:<br /> - الطلب من القیادات الإداریة العلیا للجامعات لإعادة النظر بالدعم الموجه لهذه المؤسسات المهمة من خلال زیادة الدعم سواء المادی ام المعنوی ما یخدم بالنتیجة حرکة البحث العلمی للجامعة التی صارت الیوم احدى رکائز التصنیفات العالمیة لمرتبة الجامعات.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
in England, and his book will become a classic of its kind. Moreover, he indicates that material for similar studies is available, and it is to be hoped that others will continue this area of research. Meantime, both general and medical historians, as well as social and economic historians, and historical demographers, will wish to examine Dr. Gottfried's work closely. [no price stated]. Plague disappeared from the British Isles in the seventeenth century, but its appearance as close as Marseilles in 1720, and its constant presence in Asia throughout the eighteenth century, guaranteed British interest in the disease. The present volume is a facsimile reprint of a vivid, first-hand description of a devastating epidemic which occurred in Moscow in 1771. The author, a Belgian physician named Charles de Mertens (1737-1788), originally published his account in Latin in 1778, but translations into several European languages during the succeeding twenty years attest to the continued topicality of plague in Western Europe. The English version was first published in 1799. Mertens' English translator abridged the work somewhat, though retaining Mertens' account of the civic and medical measures taken to combat the Russian epidemic, and many of Mertens' shrewd observations on the treatment and prevention of plague. Mertens placed great stock in cleanliness, particularly in frequent sponging with vinegar and water. He was convinced that plague hospitals were the most effective way to contain the spread of the disease, and he decried the practice of quarantining both sick and well members of a family together. In addition to Mertens' text, this edition contains an excellent, fully-documented introduction by Professor John Alexander of the University of Kansas. Alexander describes the original British response to the Russian plague epidemic of 1770-72 and places Mertens' little book in its historical setting. (paperback). The authors aim to provide figures for the population of each country at regular intervals through historical time. There are six parts: Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas, Oceania, and a global overview. Each of the first five sections has a general review, and then its countries are taken in turn, with a general account of demographic progress illustrated with graphs and maps, a discussion of primary sources for population data, and a bibliography. As can be imagined, this is a remarkably useful and accurate work of reference, and it will continue to be so for some time. It is also cheap, and will deservedly find …
This paper provides a critical reflection on the operational logic, ideological inconsistencies, and material fallout of the tea plantation economy of northeastern India, a large-scale commercial enterprise that induced transformative changes to the region's biosocial landscape for a century and more. Unlike existing works on the subject, however, this study focuses on agro-economic ideology – namely the relationship between the crop and its built environment – to highlight the impact of tea on labor, disease ecology, and modernist parables of "progress" in British East India.