Enhancing carbon emission efficiency is a critical pathway for advancing global climate governance and achieving the “Dual Carbon” goals. Precisely mapping the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of carbon emission efficiency in urban agglomerations and thoroughly analyzing the underlying driving mechanisms are of paramount importance for optimizing the nation’s overall carbon neutrality pathway. This study examines 26 cities within the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2005 to 2023. Employing methods such as the Super-EBM model, exploratory spatiotemporal data analysis, and the Tobit model, it delves into the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon emission efficiency and its influencing factors. Key findings include: (1) Overall carbon emission efficiency remained stable at approximately 0.85 during the study period, with minor fluctuations. (2) Significant spatial disparities in carbon emission efficiency emerged, exhibiting gradually increasing convergence. (3) Local spatial structures of carbon emission efficiency were relatively dynamic yet demonstrated strong spatial dependence, while overall spatial structures remained stable with pronounced spatial cohesion. (4) Urbanization level, economic development level, population density, degree of openness, and technological innovation have a significant impact on improving carbon emission efficiencye, whereas industrial structure and environmental regulation showed no significant promotional impact.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a major atmospheric pollutant with adverse health effects on humans. Moreover, CO can indirectly prolong the lifetime of methane and contribute to global warming. Therefore, understanding the spatial distribution of CO emissions is crucial for designing much-needed strategies to control this pollutant. In this work, a hybrid Weather Research & Forecasting–stochastic time-inverted Lagrangian transport (WRF-STILT)–Bayesian inversion framework was constructed to correct CO emissions over the Greater Bay Area (GBA) for February 2019 and February 2020. After adjusting CO emissions, the average root mean squared error (RMSE), normalized mean error (NME), and correlation coefficient (R) for the simulated CO concentrations in February 2019 and 2020 changed from 0.31 ppm to 0.12 ppm (a 61% reduction), 0.35 to 0.13 (a 63% reduction), and 0.47 to 0.87 (an 85% increase), respectively. The updated CO emissions were then used as input for the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx), a Eulerian model, to further validate the method. The results again indicated that the simulation performance was improved substantially, with a 58% increase in the average R value, a 62% reduction in the RMSE, and a 68% reduction in the NME. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed method in correcting CO emissions. According to the updated emission data, CO emissions over the GBA during the Spring Festival and the COVID-19 lockdown period were 8.3% and 19.6% lower than during normal periods, respectively. These results highlight the importance of accounting for such atypical events in emission estimation and air quality modeling. Analysis of the source areas contributing to CO concentrations in population centers of major GBA cities showed that the average contributions from local emissions and emissions from other GBA cities were 45.5% and 38.8%, respectively. The method developed in this work can be further used for CO adjustment in other regions and contribute to a deeper understanding of the characteristics of this important pollutant.
Environmental sciences, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Sasha T. Manso González, Rocío C. Gambaro, Analía I. Seoane
et al.
Las células cancerígenas están muy adaptadas y suelen ser resistentes a los agentes antitumorales, lo cual impedimenta una terapia efectiva contra el cáncer. Sin embargo, en estas células se encuentran factores que pueden modificar la respuesta al tratamiento quimioterapéutico. Resultados previos, obtenidos en células tumorales HeLa, demostraron que el ácido fólico (AF) combinado con el carboplatino (CBP) permitía bajar la dosis de CBP utilizada y aumentar la actividad del compuesto platinado. En este sentido, es imprescindible evaluar los efectos de dicho tratamiento en las células sanas. Por este motivo, se analizó el efecto del tratamiento combinado de AF y CBP in vitro sobre la viabilidad celular (ensayo MTT) utilizando sangre periférica de mujeres sanas. Los cultivos se realizaron por 48 horas a 37°C, durante las últimas 24 horas se efectuaron los tratamientos: 1. control negativo (CN); 2. control AF (900 nM); 3. control CBP (40,4 mM); 4. control de manitol (ML 40,4 mM); 5. combinado AF-CBP (900 nM-40,4 mM); 6. combinado AF-ML (900 nM-40,4 mM); 7. control positivo (CP etanol 10%). Los cultivos que recibieron la combinación AF-CBP presentaron una viabilidad similar a la observada para el CN. Por el contrario, en los cultivos que recibieron el tratamiento sólo con CBP la viabilidad disminuyó de manera estadísticamente significativa respecto de dicho control. Estos hallazgos podrían resultar un aporte explorando el uso del AF en protocolos basados en agentes platinados, con el fin de reducir las dosis en el tratamiento de pacientes y la aparición de efectos secundarios.
Gopal Krishan, Vivek Diwakar, S. D. Khobragade
et al.
Abstract Groundwater quality assessment is critical due to its susceptibility to a range of natural and anthropogenic influences, which, if unmanaged, can pose serious environmental and public health risks. This study investigates the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality evaluation in the southwestern districts of Punjab, India, with a focus on sustainable resource management. A total of 242 groundwater samples were systematically collected during the summer of 2019 across the districts of Mansa, Fazilka, Muktsar, Bathinda, Firozpur, and Faridkot. The samples were analyzed for almost all major cations, anions and other physicochemical parameters. Relative abundance of cations was Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K & anions were SO4 2− > HCO3 − > Cl− > NO3 − > F. Elevated concentrations of sulphate & nitrate were detected, highlighting the impact of agrochemical inputs. The plots of Wilcox and USSL plots revealed a declining trend in groundwater suitability for irrigation, affecting both shallow and deep aquifer sources, due to increasing salinity and sodium hazards. Hydrochemical data was interpreted using Gibbs diagram, Piper’s trilinear plot and Durov diagram to understand the various geochemical processes affecting the groundwater quality. Hydrochemical analysis indicates that rock–water interactions, evaporation & anthropogenic processes predominantly control groundwater composition, as evidenced by high levels of sodium and chloride. This study is significant as the surface water resources are limited and the quality and quantity of groundwater are deteriorating with time due to anthropogenic inputs. These findings underscore the necessity of continuous monitoring and informed groundwater management strategies to mitigate contamination and ensure long-term sustainability.
Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, Environmental sciences
Laughter Closed up in Horror: The Case of the Hungarian Ballad about a Walled-up Woman
The paper is dedicated to a paradox. By approaching the topic of violence, I am actually trying to answer the question of whether and how it is possible to combine it with laughter. I was inspired to adopt this perspective by research on the different types of humorous recycling of one of the most popular works of Hungarian folk literature, the ballad Kőmives Kelemenné [Kelemen Mason’s Wife], which is a story of men’s violence against a woman: the walling-up of the master mason’s wife so that the husband and his team could build a durable castle and receive the agreed payment for their work. The article is based on a rich material base, including both short lexical jokes and longer satires and humorous sketches that have been produced in Hungary since the beginning of the 20th century. In addition to written texts, it refers to humorous drawings published in newspapers and magazines and to versions of the ballad that are present in the internet space. Based on theoretical works by, among others, S. Freud, V. Raskin, R. A. Martin, it seeks an answer to the question of the image of Hungarian society that the analysed materials reflect.
Humor zamknięty w horrorze. Przypadek węgierskiej ballady o zamurowanej kobiecie
Artykuł poświęcony jest pewnemu paradoksowi. Podejmując temat przemocy, w istocie próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy i jaki sposób jest możliwe jej połączenie ze śmiechem. Do przyjęcia takiej perspektywy skłaniają badania nad różnymi rodzajami humorystycznego recyklingu jednego z najpopularniejszych utworów węgierskiej literatury ludowej – ballady Kőmives Kelemenné [Żona Kelemena Murarza]. Ballada opowiada o zamurowaniu żony mistrza murarskiego, aby mąż i jego współpracownicy mogli zbudować trwały zamek i otrzymać wysoką zapłatę za swoją pracę. Artykuł opiera się na bogatej bazie materiałowej, obejmującej zarówno krótkie żarty leksykalne, jak i dłuższe satyry i humorystyczne skecze, które powstawały na Węgrzech od początku XX wieku do czasów współczesnych. Oprócz tekstów pisanych odwołuje się do humorystycznych rysunków publikowanych w gazetach i czasopismach oraz do wersji ballady obecnych w przestrzeni internetowej. Biorąc za podstawę prace teoretyczne m.in. S. Freuda, V. Raskina, R. A. Martina, autor poszukuje odpowiedzi na pytanie o obraz społeczeństwa węgierskiego, jaki odzwierciedlają analizowane materiały.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages
Pablo Virgolino Freitas, João Henrique Macedo Sá, Tales Abreu Tavares de Sousa
et al.
O saneamento básico é crucial para uma vida saudável e sustentável, especialmente em países em desenvolvimento, onde o esgotamento sanitário e o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos, como os pneus inservíveis, são desafios. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de pesquisa de natureza aplicada, com a implantação inovadora e de baixo custo, de um sistema individual de tratamento de esgoto sanitário residencial que utiliza pneus inservíveis (TIRE-ATS) em substituição às paredes de alvenaria. O estudo foi dividido em quatro fases: (I) levantamento de dados locais e seleção de uma residência-piloto; (II) concepção e dimensionamento do sistema; (III) implantação do sistema; e (IV) análise das vantagens financeira e ambiental. O município estudado apresenta sérias deficiências em relação aos pneus inservíveis, como a não aplicação da logística reversa, a queima desses resíduos em área de lixões, e a inexistência de esgotamento sanitário. O sistema provou ser eficaz, demandando 18 pneus inservíveis em sua construção, o que retiraria 64.782 pneus do meio ambiente para o beneficiamento de um bairro, fomentando a economia verde, com unidades seguras, de alta durabilidade e estanque. A vantagem financeira do TIRE-ATS em relação ao sistema de alvenaria foi de 18%, bastante atraente para a população local que, em sua maioria, é carente. A sustentabilidade do reaproveitamento de pneus representa uma vantagem ambiental notável, avançando em direção aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Organização das Nações Unidas.
Ansley J. Brown, Allan A. Andales, Timothy K. Gates
Abstract The global extent of salt‐affected agricultural land, 20% of which is deemed gypsiferous, results in billions of dollars of annual economic loss, a serious problem deserving of attention. However, the analysis of gypsiferous saline soils, such as in the irrigated Lower Arkansas River Valley (LARV) of Colorado, can result in an inflated estimation of soil salinity when using the traditional soil saturated paste extract electrical conductivity (ECe), leading to inaccurate crop yield loss predictions and misguided decisions for remediation. Sparingly soluble gypsum (CaSO4 · 2H2O) in these soils dissolves more readily during laboratory preparation of saturated paste extracts because of excess soil water dilution coupled with sample disturbance. We present a pragmatic linear‐regression approach to correct for this phenomenon, calibrated using two adapted methods for correcting ECe on an individual sample basis. The novel approach used electrical conductivity of pore water samples from saline fields to evaluate the accuracy of the correction methods. The approach was applied on soil samples from two surface‐irrigated, saline fields in the LARV, which were mapped using electromagnetic induction data and analysis of covariance linear regression, calibrated for ECe and ECe corrected for excess gypsum dissoultion (ECeg). Average ECeg values are as much as 26% lower than uncorrected ECe in gypsum‐biased portions of the fields. Estimation of corn salinity hazard in these gypsum‐affected areas using ECeg in lieu of ECe in a traditional yield response function generated mean relative yield values that are higher by up to 13 percentage points. We discuss lessons learned and suggest enhancements to the techniques.
Allotment gardens are an ideal place to analyse the links between plant diversity and social diversity. This study aims to characterise the cultivated and spontaneous plant diversity of allotments and to analyse its links with the socio-demographic characteristics of the gardeners. On the basis of data from 150 allotment garden plots in two cities in the Loire region, we first analyse the complex interweaving of spaces and actors in allotment gardens and describe the socio-demographic diversity of gardeners. We then show the contrast between the high diversity of cultivated plants and the limited diversity of spontaneous flora and micro-habitats in the plots, and identify the effects of gender, social background, residential situation and rural or urban origin of gardeners on plant diversity. The responsibility of the gardening norms transmitted by the managers and the uniqueness of the food function of these spaces is underlined.
The kasnak oak (Quercus vulcanica [Boiss. and Heldr. ex] Kotschy) is an endemic oak species in Türkiye whose largest distribution area is in the western part of the Turkish Lake District. The literature on current plant studies has emphasized some of the natural distribution areas of the kasnak oak in Türkiye to be found in the Murat, Türkmen, and Şaphane mountains in Kütahya province. The kasnak oak’s distribution is unknown regarding Budağan Mountain (İnyanı Peak 1612 m) which lies between Tavşanlı and Emet districts in western Kütahya. The field studies carried out in July 2022 on Budağan Mountain were the first to identify the presence of the kasnak oak there. Kasnak oaks are located in the dry forest area formed of junipers on land made of limestone at an altitude range of 1430-1600 m on Budağan Mountain, with dolines offering a more favorable environment in terms of humidity, especially on the northern side of the mountain. Young kasnak oak groups develop at the base of the dolines and have a height of 3-4 m Individual oaks can reach 80 cm in diameter and 12 m in length.This study involves the natural distribution of the kasnak oak, an endangered (NT) group according to the risk categories of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), on Budağan Mountain, an area that has not been previously studied in detail. In addition, the study aims to contribute to the information about the natural distribution of this endemic species and to reveal the area’s ecological characteristics.
Áron Horváth, Eszter Ferentzi, Kristóf Schwartz
et al.
Background: Proprioceptive accuracy refers to the individual's ability to perceive proprioceptive information, that is, the information referring to the actual state of the locomotor system, which originates from mechanoreceptors located in various parts of the locomotor system and from tactile receptors located in the skin. Proprioceptive accuracy appears to be an important aspect in the evaluation of sensorimotor functioning; however, no widely accepted standard assessment exists. In this systematic review, our goal was to identify and categorize different methods that are used to assess different aspects of proprioceptive accuracy. Methods: A literature search was conducted in 5 different databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink). Results: Overall, 1139 scientific papers reporting 1346 methods were included in this review. The methods assess 8 different aspects of proprioception: (a) the perception of joint position, (b) movement and movement extent, (c) trajectory, (d) velocity, and the sense of (e) force, (f) muscle tension, (g) weight, and (h) size. They apply various paradigms of psychophysics (i.e., the method of adjustment, constant stimuli, and limits). Conclusion: As the outcomes of different tasks with respect to various body parts show no associations (i.e., proprioceptive accuracy is characterized by site-specificity and method-specificity), the appropriate measurement method for the task needs to be chosen based on theoretical considerations and/or ecological validity.
Zofia Pietrzak, Martyna Stefaniak, Piotr Dzikowski
et al.
Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the nervous system, characterized by the occurrence of recurrent and unprovoked seizures, which are an expression of abnormal brain activity associated with sudden and excessive bioelectric discharges. Partial seizures come from specific areas of the brain. They can run with motor, autonomic, sensory, and psychological symptoms. Currently, new active substances are sought that can be used in the treatment of drug-resistant partial seizures.
The aim of the study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cenobamate in the treatment of patients with uncontrolled, partial seizures. Our study material consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase databases. In order to find the proper publications, the search has been conducted with the use of a combination of keywords like: “cenobamate”, “focal seizures”, “cenobamate in epilepsy”. The first step was to find proper publications from the last 10 years. The second step was to carry out an overview of the found publications.
Studies have shown that treatment with cenobamate significantly improved seizure control in adults with uncontrolled focal seizures. Long-term use of cenobamate is safe and well-tolerated by patients. Most adverse events are mild or moderate.
This paper aims to highlight some issues, challenges and trends caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the drug scene and the system of drug prevention in Ukraine. This article is based on the official statistics, available qualitative and quantitative studies conducted by the Institute for Psychiatry, Forensic Psychiatric Examination and Drug Monitoring of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (Ukrainian National Focal Point), the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) and Ukrainian researchers. Of course, some studies are not representative of the general population; however, they give some information on the drug scene in Ukraine during the pandemic. The data used in the article were collected mainly in 2019–2020. Every actor on the drug scene had to adapt to the new reality caused by anti-pandemic measures. Drug sellers proposed “stable work” during lockdown; drug dealers dropped ordered substances closer to the customer’s place. At the same time, OST facilities implemented home-treatment, and many private facilities appeared. OST patients misused methadone and sold it on the illicit market, while drug users started to find substitutes of their main drug and notably increased drug-related deaths.
PURPOSE This study comprehensively compared the perception and interaction of player–coach in the development of mental toughness in soccer. METHODS Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews from 12 participants (6 athletes and 6 coaches), analyzed using the grounded theory by Strauss and Corbin, and they were compared to the group of athletes and coaches, respectively. RESULTS The following results were obtained: (1) Both athletes and coaches recognized that the experience of coping with the pressure present in competition was a central phenomenon in the development of mental toughness. (2) Regarding the situation and condition that lead to coping with pressure, the athletes emphasized the individual's goal orientation in the context of competitive situations and environmental conditions, while the coaches emphasized the athletic attitude toward competition and development in childhood. (3) The athlete–coach interaction was identified as an intervening condition affecting the experience of coping with pressure. (4) As the action–reaction strategy for the development of mental toughness, the optimistic thinking was emphasized for athlete and achievement-oriented thinking for coach; thus, it differed in the characteristics of mental toughness. CONCLUSIONS This study presented the results of an integrated comparison of mental toughness, which can vary depending on the contextual specificity (soccer) and the subject of perception (athlete– coach), especially indicating the importance of the player–coach interaction, which can contribute to the strategy to be used in mental toughness development.
Alicja Zielkowska, Karol Ciejka, Kamil Rogatko
et al.
Background: Tooth loss as a result of trauma most often affects young people, especially in the summer time. Implantation is considered the correct method of proceeding in the case of missing teeth. However, it is not indicated in this age group due to the constantly developing skeletal system and the change in spatial relations in the stomatognathic system. A more favorable, but less likely to be successful, method is replantation, which is more dependent on patient compliance.
Objectives: presentation of the clinical procedure in the case of avulsed tooth 21, with particular emphasis on the time and method of providing first aid.
Methods: a case report based on an anamnesis and physical examination with the use of medical records, including radiological records, of a 14-year-old boy after an injury.
Conclusions: The most important factors determining the success of the replantation procedure are: the time from the injury to contact with the dentist, and storage medium of an avulsed tooth. Both are only dependent on the person who has been injured or the guardian of minors. For this reason, it is important to raise public awareness of first aid in dentistry. Successful replantation of a tooth that has been outside the socket for more than 60 minutes may be associated with complications such as ankylosis or root resorption. However, even in case of the above- mentioned sequelae, the profit and loss balance is favorable, because the replanted tooth prevents bone loss, which is crucial due to future implantation, and the possible development of ankylosis in the developmental age can be treated with the decoronation procedure.
Historia y Memoria en piedra y bronce. El Monumento a la Bandera en la ciudad de Rosario.
Gimenez, Carlos Gustavo, Navarro, Ángel y Van Deurs, Adriana. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Diseño, 2015, 188 páginas.
Due to the popularity and importance of cross-cultural communication in our daily life, many countries have carried out various cross-cultural communication activities and researches. However, there is still a big research scope for the study of fashion design based on it. The main purpose of this article is to have a study on the cultural exchange between China and Thailand, with Long (“Dragon” in Chinese) and Naga as case study. The methods in this research can be regarded as the process of “decoding and encoding”. Final results are: 1) Extraction of design concepts on Long and Naga based on two times of decoding. 2) A demonstration of the new methodology which can be used for fashion designers to effectively extract cultural code in the background of cultural globalization. 3) It is a case study to do cross discipline research between fashion design with cross-cultural communication.
Research increasingly suggests that climate change has intensified the frequency of droughts, floods, and other environmental disasters across sub-Saharan Africa. In response to the resulting array of climate-induced challenges, various stakeholders are working collectively to build climate resilience in rural and urban communities and trans-continentally. This paper examines key climate resilience-building projects that have been implemented across sub-Saharan Africa through multi-stakeholder partnerships. It uses a vulnerabilities assessment approach to examine the strategic value of these projects in managing the mitigation of climate shocks and long-term environmental changes. There are still many challenges to building climate resilience in the region, but through multi-stakeholder partnerships, sub-Saharan African nations are expanding their capacity to pool resources and build collective action aimed at financing and scaling up innovative climate solutions. This article contributes to ongoing interdisciplinary academic, management, and policy discourses on global climate adaptation focused on populations and landscapes most at risk.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Organizational behaviour, change and effectiveness. Corporate culture
Juarez Carlos Brito Pezzuti, André Pinassi Antunes, Rogério Fonseca
et al.
A caça, além de prover o sustento de populações tradicionais, indígenas e não-indígenas, em áreas remotas, vem também assumindo função socialmente estruturante nessas sociedades. Neste artigo, conceituamos a caça de subsistência para além da visão preservacionista, preponderante nos campos das ciências ambientais e jurídicas, e oferecemos uma perspectiva integrada que contempla aspectos ecológicos, sociais, econômicos e legais. Apesar de os impactos demográficos e ecossistêmicos
frequentemente atribuídos à caça de subsistência serem bem documentados, mecanismos naturais intrínsecos de recuperação populacional, tais como taxa reprodutiva, dinâmica fonte-sumidouro ou acordos locais, demonstram a resiliência dos sistemas socioecológicos à extração da fauna, constituindo uma grande janela de oportunidades para a conservação de espécies cinegéticas em sistemas de manejo in situ. Embora legalmente o “caçador de subsistência” seja explicitamente definido apenas no Estatuto do Desarmamento (Lei n° 10.826/2003), o direito à caça de subsistência é (ou deveria ser) respaldado pelo princípio universal
de dignidade da pessoa humana, previsto, mais amplamente, na Declaração dos Direitos Humanos das Nações Unidas e na Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/88). Tal direito também é reconhecido pelo Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SISAN), abrangendo populações humanas rurais em constante estado de necessidade, seja pela imediata necessidade de saciar a fome (conforme definição na Lei de Crimes Ambientais), seja porque tais populações residem em regiões onde caça e pesca são geralmente as principais fontes de proteína de origem animal. Por se tratar de uma das mais antigas práticas de obtenção de alimento, inerente à reprodução física e cultural das populações tradicionais, o direito de caçar encontra respaldo, no Brasil, em um arcabouço legal amplo, incluindo a adesão à Convenção 169 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT), promulgada no Brasil pelo Decreto n° 5.051/2004, à Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Sustentável dos Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais (PNPCT – Decreto n°
6.040/2007) e ao Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC – Lei n° 9.985/2000). No entanto,
as contradições legais (entre leis preservacionistas e as que promovem os direitos humanos e o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais) e sua discricionariedade interpretativa sobre termos que carecem de conceituação ou definição (“caça de subsistência”, “estado de necessidade”) permanecem, prevalecendo o caráter proibitivo e repressivo à caça de subsistência desde a publicação da Lei de Proteção à Fauna (Lei n° 5.197/1967). O resultado é a perpetuação do quadro de inseguridade social, nutricional e jurisdicional dos caçadores de subsistência. A ausência de regulamentação da prática da caça de subsistência impede o desenvolvimento
de ferramentas efetivas e participativas de conservação e manejo da fauna, e a consequente valorização dos recursos e ecossistemas naturais.