Hasil untuk "United States"

Stacy L. Thorne, A. Malarcher, E. Maurice et al.

T. Karl, J. Melillo, T. Peterson

R. Patrick, C. W. Reimer

J. Parmelee, D. Farr, G. Bills et al.

J. Alm, B. Torgler

J. Cobas, A. Portes, R. Bach

A. Lusardi, Olivia S. Mitchell

David E. Scott, J. Petranka

A. Rubio-Tapia, J. Ludvigsson, Tricia L. Brantner et al.

Christopher M. Jones, K. Mack, L. Paulozzi

E. Cardozo, A. Clark, N. Banks et al.

C. Beard

Robert D Brook, Pia-Allison Roa, Phillip D Levy et al.

Background: Fine particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) air pollution increases cardio-pulmonary morbidity and mortality. To inform the public regarding local air quality and reduce short-term exposures to PM2.5, daily Air Quality Indices (AQIs) with activity guidance are issued across the United States (US). We aimed to estimate the cardio-pulmonary health benefits of the current AQI strategy. Methods: We estimated the number needed to treat (NNT) per county per day to avoid 1 atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or pulmonary event during each PM2.5 AQI action day (defined as a day with an AQI >100 for PM2.5) for 3 groups (healthy adults, ASCVD and pulmonary disease patients) in the US during 2022. The theoretical number of adverse events potentially prevented per county was estimated each day as the relevant county population divided by the corresponding NNT. These results were summed for all AQI action days among US counties to equal the potential total number of ASCVD and pulmonary events avoided nationwide. Results: There were 1081 AQI action days for PM2.5 (58.0 ± 32.4 µg/m3) across 236 counties in 2022, accounting for an estimated excess of 164 ASCVD and 3963 pulmonary events. Approximately 31 ASCVD and 796 pulmonary events could be theoretically avoided if all populations followed activity guidelines during every AQI action day. Conclusions: Daily AQI activity guidelines, as currently structured and implemented, likely prevent few cardio-pulmonary events per year in the US. Additional research is warranted to determine how to improve the overall approach to more effectively protect public health.

Elinor Randi Schoenfeld, Tracy Trimboli, Kaylyn Schwartz et al.

By 2050, most adults aged 65 and older in the United States will want to age independently at home, a goal that will strain healthcare resources. Adults aged 50 and older (N = 112) were recruited for study participation between 2018 and 2022. They completed surveys and participated in discussion sessions to explore their needs and opinions regarding smart home sensors. Survey results indicated that older adults’ comfort with smart home sensors increased with their perceived need for monitoring when home alone (OR = 1.46; <i>p</i> = 0.012) or sick/recovering from an illness (OR = 2.21; <i>p</i> < 0.001). When sick compared to when healthy, individuals were 2.65 times more likely to prefer installing multiple sensors in the living room, 1.75 times more likely in the kitchen, 3.66 times more likely in the bedroom, and 3.41 times more likely in the bathroom (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Regarding data sharing, participants were most willing to share information with healthcare providers and family members on a regular basis (80 and 81%, respectively) and 71% on a regular basis or when sick/recovering. Comfort with data sharing with professional caregivers (OR = 1.67; <i>p</i> = 0.0017) and monitoring companies (OR = 1.34; <i>p</i> = 0.030) significantly increased when sick/recovering. Discussion sessions highlighted overwhelming concerns about personal security/privacy, loss of independence, and ethical issues in data collection. Participants emphasized the need for new systems to be flexible, cost-effective, user-friendly, and respectful of user autonomy, accommodating diverse life stages, comfort levels, home environments, income levels, and support structures. Insights are now informing sensor data collection in our model home. Study findings underscore the importance of involving potential users in technology development to create effective and acceptable solutions for aging in place.

Elizabeth Dickinson, Richard N. Cawthorne, Peter Dodds et al.

Chao‐Wen Chen, Yung‐Sung Yeh, Ta‐Chien Chan et al.

Abstract Introduction The acute care system faced significant challenges in managing healthcare emergencies due to a lack of coordination between emergency services and logistical support. This disorganization undermined collaboration and response efficiency. Methods Taiwan's Presidential Hackathon introduced an innovative approach to improving the trauma system by integrating digital pipeline science through public–private partnerships (PPPs). This initiative specifically addressed inefficiencies and complexities in the acute care ecosystem, brought to light by the catastrophic 2014 gas explosion in Kaohsiung City. Results The hackathon led to the development of a unified digital platform for emergency data management. This platform significantly enhanced communication, data sharing, and coordination across healthcare sectors, culminating in the implementation of a digital pre‐hospital emergency care system across multiple administrative regions. Conclusion Our experience demonstrated the effectiveness of leveraging digital technologies, PPPs, and the hackathon model to revolutionize emergency healthcare management and response systems through cross‐sector collaboration.

Yikun Wei, Kang Xiao, Yunong Li et al.

In this paper, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of spike and modal-deep stall cells in a centrifugal compressor are studied at a small mass-flow rate. Three operating points are selected at different stall stages, and the internal unstable flow mechanism is deeply explored based on the downtrend of pressure ratio and isentropic efficiency on the external characteristic curve. The dimensionless mass flow rate (M*) is proposed to reflect the centrifugal compression rate of the whole machine under various stall conditions. A hump-like pulse is captured at deep stall conditions, and its fluctuation amplitude is an order of magnitude different from the near-stall to stall conditions. The fluctuation characteristics at different operating conditions are quantitatively analyzed from the perspective of the time domain. The fluctuation and spectral characteristics of flow field parameters at different stall conditions are obtained by collecting dynamic data of the flow field at different positions and performing a fast Fourier transform. The characteristic frequency of the flow field is closely correlated with the spatiotemporal flow structure. The fitting curve of static pressure distribution along the blade profile at deep stall conditions is increasingly divergent. The stall signals of two different modes are captured by the frequency-domain analysis of the pressure fluctuation on the inner flow surface of the impeller. The spatiotemporal correlation between the evolution of stall clusters in the impeller domain and the existence of vaneless diffusers and volutes is explored, from the axial flow of the impeller domain to circumferential flow. The stall mechanism of circumferential flow in the vaneless zone of the centrifugal compressor is deeply explored from the time domain and frequency domain based on the pressure fluctuation and its root mean square error value.

Isabelle Gouin-Thibault, Alexandre Mansour, Michael Hardy et al.

Carl Wunsch

Abstract Many changes took place in physical oceanography over the last 60 years, as the science encountered the global‐scale problems of climate and in the availability of numerous new technologies. Changes have been in the known science, and in the intellectual culture in which it is pursued.